Cited by 236Acute Myeloid Leukemia ResearchMultiple and Secondary Primary CancersRetinoids in leukemia and cellular processes

Therapy-related leukemia and myelodysplasia: susceptibility and incidence

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Leone, G., Pagano, L., Ben-Yehuda, D., Voso, M. T.·2007·Haematologica

Abstract

Therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myeloid leukemia (t-MDS/AML) is an increasingly recognized treatment complication in patients treated with radiotherapy or chemotherapy for previous hematologic malignancies or solid tumors. Distinct clinical entities have been described according to the primary treatment, corresponding to defined genetic lesions. Chromosome 7 and/or 5 losses or deletions are typical of alkylating agent-induced AML, while development of t-AML with balanced translocations involving chromosome bands 11q23 and 21q22 has been related to previous therapy with drugs targeting DNA-topoisomerase II. In addition, antimetabolites, and in particular the immunosuppressant azathioprine, have been shown to induce defective DNA-mismatch repair. This could promote survival of misrepaired cells giving rise to the leukemic clone. Individual predisposing factors, including polymorphisms in detoxification and DNA repair enzymes have been identified. Their combination may significantly increase the risk of t-MDS/AML. Among patients with hematologic malignancies, long-term survivors of Hodgkin's lymphoma are exposed to an increased risk of t-MDS/AML, particularly when receiving MOPP-based, and escalated BEACOPP regimens, and when alkylators are combined with radiotherapy. Patients with Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma are at highest risk when total body irradiation followed by autologous stem cell transplantation is used as rescue or consolidation therapy. The addition of granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor and radiotherapy plays a significant role in t-AML following treatment of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. In non-hematologic malignancies, treatment for breast cancer and germ-cell tumors has been associated with a 1-5% lifetime risk of both lymphoid as well as myeloid leukemia. In all cases the risk of t-MDS/AML drops sharply by 10 years after treatment.

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  • Secondary cancers are frequently acute myeloid leukaemias, which may be caused by previous exposure to DNA-damaging alkylators, often arising after a median of around 7 years after initial treatment.

    “Secondary cancers are frequently acute myeloid leukaemias 155 , which may be caused by previous exposure to DNA-damaging alkylators, often arising after a median of around 7 years after initial treatment 158 .”

    From Osteosarcoma (2022) · cites this paper as [158]

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  1. Felix CA, Walker AH, Lange BJ, Williams TM, Winick NJ, Cheung NK, et al. Association of CYP3A4 genotype with treatment-related leukemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1998;95:13176-81.
  2. Pui CH, Ribeiro RC, Hancock ML, Rivera GK, Evans WE, Raimondi SC, et al. Acute myeloid leukemia in children treated with epipodophillotoxins for acute lymphocytic leukemia. N Engl J Med 2001;325,1682-7.
  3. Cuzick J, Erskine S, Edelman D, Galton DA. A comparison of the inci- dence of the myelodisplasic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia following melphalan and cyclophosphamide treatement for myelomatosis. Br J Cancer 1987;55:523-9.
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Authors
Leone, G., Pagano, L., Ben-Yehuda, D., & Voso, M. T.
Affiliations
Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (IT)
Corresponding author
Leone, G.
Venue
Haematologica
Published
2007-10-01
Volume
92
Issue
10
Pages
1389-1398
ISSN
  • 0390-6078 (ISSN-L)
  • 1592-8721
OpenAlex
W2148305047
Cited by
236
References
73
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 19
FWCI
10.79
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Haematologica (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Cineca Institutional Research Information System (Tor Vergata University) (submittedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
  • INFM-OAR (INFN Catania) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Acute Myeloid Leukemia Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Multiple and Secondary Primary Cancers
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Retinoids in leukemia and cellular processes
Keywords
therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome, therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia, secondary malignancies, alkylating agents, topoisomerase II inhibitors, azathioprine, DNA mismatch repair, 11q23 translocation, Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, total body irradiation, autologous stem cell transplantation, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, breast cancer, germ cell tumors, genetic susceptibility, polymorphism
MeSH terms
Animals, Disease Susceptibility, DNA, DNA Topoisomerases, Type II, DNA Repair, Humans, Leukemia, Myelodysplastic Syndromes, Polymorphism, Genetic, Radiotherapy, Risk Factors, Incidence, Topoisomerase II Inhibitors, Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions

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