Cited by 638Human Health and DiseaseObesity, Physical Activity, DietGrowth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors

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The 2017 Korean National Growth Charts for children and adolescents: development, improvement, and prospects

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Kim, Jae Hyun, Yun, Sungha, Hwang, Seung-sik, Shim, Jung Ok, Chae, Hyun Wook, Lee, Yeoun Joo, Lee, Ji Hyuk, Kim, Soon Chul, Lim, Dohee, Yang, Sei Won, Oh, Kyungwon, Moon, Jin Soo, The Committee for the Development of Growth Standards for Korean Children and Adolescents, The Committee for School Health and Public Health Statistics, the Korean Pediatric Society, Division of Health and Nutrition Survey, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention·2018·Korean Journal of Pediatrics

DOI 10.3345/kjp.2018.61.5.135PMC PMC5976563

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Abstract

Growth charts are curves or tables that facilitate the visualization of anthropometric parameters, and are widely used as an important indicator when evaluating the growth status of children and adolescents. The latest version of the Korean National Growth Charts released in 2007 has raised concerns regarding the inclusion of data from both breastfed and formula-fed infants, higher body mass index (BMI) values in boys, and smaller 3rd percentile values in height-for-age charts. Thus, new growth charts have been developed to improve the previous version. The 2006 World Health Organization Child Growth Standards, regarded as the standard for breastfed infants and children, were introduced for children aged 0-35 months. For children and adolescents aged 3-18 years, these new growth charts include height-for-age, weight-for-age, BMI-for-age, weight-for-height, and head circumference-for-age charts, and were developed using data obtained in 1997 and 2005. Data sets and exclusion criteria were applied differently for the development of the different growth charts. BMI-for-age charts were adjusted to decrease the 95th percentile values of BMI. Criteria for obesity were simplified and defined as a BMI of ≥95th percentile for age and sex. The 3rd percentile values for height-for-age charts were also increased. Additional percentile lines (1st and 99th) and growth charts with standard deviation lines were introduced. 2017 Korean National Growth Charts are recommended for the evaluation of body size and growth of Korean children and adolescents for use in clinics and the public health sector in Korea.

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“Growth indicators including z-scores for weight-forage, height-for-age, and body mass index-for-age were calculated using the 2017 Korean National Growth Charts for children and adolescents of the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency.(16) Patients who underwent a complete diagnostic investigation of the GI trac…”
MethodSelf-citation
Latent class analysis of health behaviors, anxiety, and suicidal behaviors among Korean adolescents
Lee, M., & Lee, H. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.025 · Cited by 11
Association between watching eating broadcast “Mukbang and Cookbang” and body mass index status in South Korean adolescents stratified by gender
Park, S.-Y., Eom, J., Choi, S., et al. (2024) · Nutrition Journal · doi:10.1186/s12937-024-00946-0 · Cited by 11
“The percentile is based on the latest version of “Korea Growth Charts,” which was conducted in 2017 [22].”
MethodSelf-citation
Association between mukbang and cookbang viewing and body image perception and BMI in adolescents
Jeong, H., Lee, E.-Y., & Han, G. (2024) · Journal of Health Population and Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s41043-024-00552-0 · Cited by 15
“According to a study on the patterns of mukbang and cookbang consumption among Korean adolescents, 39.6% reported watching mukbang or cookbang at least once a week, with a higher frequency of viewing associated with poorer eating habits (9).”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Association between ectopic pancreatic and hepatic fat and metabolic risk factors in children with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Lee, E. H., Kim, J. Y., & Yang, H. R. (2021) · Pediatric Obesity · doi:10.1111/ijpo.12793 · Cited by 11
“Obesity was defined as BMI ≥95th percentile and overweight as BMI between the 85th and 95th percentiles, adjusted for age and sex, according to the Korean national growth charts 2017.(14) Central obesity was defined as WC ≥90th percentile, adjusted for age and sex, according to the Korean national growth charts 2007.”
MethodSelf-citation
Association of Blood Mercury Levels with the Risks of Overweight and High Waist-to-Height Ratio in Children and Adolescents: Data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Cho, K. Y. (2021) · Children · doi:10.3390/children8121087 · Cited by 11
Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase and Tyrosine Phosphatase-Related Islet Antigen-2 Positivity among Children and Adolescents with Diabetes in Korea
Kim, K.-Y., Kim, M. S., Lee, Y. J., Lee, Y. A., Lee, S. Y., Shin, C. H., & Kim, J. H. (2022) · Diabetes & Metabolism Journal · doi:10.4093/dmj.2021.0332 · Cited by 11
“Body mass index (BMI) z-scores were calculated on the basis of the 2017 Korean National Growth Charts [13].”
MethodSelf-citation
Growth pattern during early infancy, body mass index during childhood and childhood asthma
Kim, J. H., Ha, E. K., Lee, S. W., Cha, H. R., Baek, H., & Han, M. Y. (2022) · Clinical & Experimental Allergy · doi:10.1111/cea.14221 · Cited by 11
Self-citation
Relationship Between Feeding to Sleep During Infancy and Subsequent Childhood Disease Burden
Ha, E. K., Kim, J. H., Cha, H. R., et al. (2022) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.11.042 · Cited by 11
Self-citation
Urinary concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites and childhood obesity
Kim, S.-H., Park, M. J., & Park, S. K. (2023) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19335 · Cited by 11
Self-citation
Clinical and Molecular Characteristics of GNAS Inactivation Disorders Observed in 18 Korean Patients
Han, S. R., Lee, Y. A., Shin, C. H., et al. (2019) · Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes · doi:10.1055/a-1001-3575 · Cited by 11
Self-citation
Effect of nutritional supplement formula on catch-up growth in young children with nonorganic faltering growth: a prospective multicenter study
Shim, J. O., Kim, S., Choe, B., et al. (2020) · Nutrition Research and Practice · doi:10.4162/nrp.2020.14.3.230 · Cited by 11
Self-citation
Double burden of malnutrition and obesity in children and adolescents from North Korean refugee families
Kim, S.-Y., & Choi, S.-W. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0241963 · Cited by 11
“The Korea Centre for Disease Control and Prevention and Korea Paediatrics Society developed the 2017 Korean National Growth Charts for children and adolescents [13] using the World Health Organization child growth standard [14] for children less than 3 years of age and data from the National Anthropometric Survey of 1…”
MethodSelf-citation
Factors influencing growth hormone therapy effect during the prepubertal period in small for gestational age children without catch-up growth
Kum, C. D., Rho, J. G., Park, H. K., Lee, H. S., & Hwang, J. S. (2021) · Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.6065/apem.2040096.048 · Cited by 11
Front-Line Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Pediatric Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: A Study on Efficacy and Safety
Yoo, J. W., Jo, S., Ahn, M. B., et al. (2023) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers15153862 · Cited by 10
“All anthropometric data were converted to age- and sex-matched standard deviation scores (SDSs) using a Korean growth chart [18].”
MethodSelf-citation
Temporal trend of age at menarche in Korean females born between 1927 and 2004: a population-based study
Lee, D. H., Kim, J. H., & Kim, H. Y. (2024) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2024.1399984 · Cited by 10
Self-citation
Changes in weight distribution and trends in obesity among children and adolescents in East Asia: Insights from NCD-RisC data
Hong, Y. H., Park, S., Shin, M., Chung, S., Jung, J., Sul, A.-R., & Lee, Y. M. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0310646 · Cited by 10
Self-citation
Molecular diagnosis of glycogen storage disease type IX using a glycogen storage disease gene panel
Kim, T. H., Kim, K. Y., Kim, M. J., Seong, M., Park, S. S., Moon, J. S., & Ko, J. S. (2020) · European Journal of Medical Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ejmg.2020.103921 · Cited by 10
Self-citation
Dose Optimization of Vancomycin Using a Mechanism-based Exposure–Response Model in Pediatric Infectious Disease Patients
Jung, W. J., Park, J.-H., Goo, S., et al. (2020) · Clinical Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.10.016 · Cited by 10
Self-citation
Effects of Presurgical Mandibular Incisor Decompensation on Long-Term Outcomes of Class III Surgical Orthodontic Treatment
An, J., Jeong, W., Sonnesen, L., et al. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10132870 · Cited by 10
“Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) skeletal Class III patients with ANB angle ≤0◦ at pretreatment; (2) minimum age of 17 years at pretreatment given that circumpubertal growth in Koreans is generally complete or almost complete at this age [14,15]; (3) bimaxillary orthognathic surgery, including Le Fort I and bil…”
Efficacy and safety of intravenous pamidronate infusion for treating osteoporosis in children and adolescents
Yoon, J., Choi, Y., Lee, Y., et al. (2021) · Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.6065/apem.2040150.075 · Cited by 10
Self-citation
Characteristics of pediatric rhabdomyolysis and the associated risk factors for acute kidney injury: a retrospective multicenter study in Korea
Yoo, S., Cho, M. H., Baek, H. S., et al. (2021) · Kidney Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.23876/j.krcp.21.051 · Cited by 10
Self-citation
Timing of Adiposity Rebound and Determinants of Early Adiposity Rebound in Korean Infants and Children Based on Data from the National Health Insurance Service
Goh, E.-K., Kim, O. Y., Yoon, S. R., & Jeon, H. J. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14050929 · Cited by 10
Association between uric acid and height during growth hormone therapy in children with idiopathic short stature
Yoon, J. S., Seo, Y., Kwon, E. B., Lee, H. J., Kang, M. J., & Hwang, I. T. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.1025005 · Cited by 10
Temporal Trends of the Prevalence of Abdominal Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Children and Adolescents between 2007 and 2020
Lee, J., Kang, S., Kwon, O., Hwang, S.-S., Moon, J. S., Chae, H. W., & Kim, J. H. (2023) · Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.7570/jomes22059 · Cited by 13
Self-citation
Associations between Delayed Introduction of Complementary Foods and Childhood Health Consequences in Exclusively Breastfed Children
Ha, E. K., Lee, S. W., Kim, J. H., et al. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15153410 · Cited by 10
Self-citation
Poor sleep is associated with energy drinks consumption among Korean adolescents
Kim, D. H., Kim, B., Lee, S. G., & Kim, T. H. (2023) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s136898002300191x · Cited by 11
“Some studies have found that physical activity is associated with improved sleep quality (26 – 29) and higher energy drink consumption (20 – 24) .”
BackgroundMethodResult
Identification of important features in overweight and obesity among Korean adolescents using machine learning
Lee, S., & Chun, J. (2024) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107644 · Cited by 11
Correlation of Clinical and Histopathologic Parameters with Ultrasonographic Grades in Pediatric Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Kang, B.-K., Kim, M., Shin, S., et al. (2019) · Journal of Korean Medical Science · doi:10.3346/jkms.2019.34.e298 · Cited by 10
A 9-year-old Korean girl with Fontaine progeroid syndrome: a case report with further phenotypical delineation and description of clinical course during long-term follow-up
Ryu, J., Ko, J. M., & Shin, C. H. (2019) · BMC Medical Genetics · doi:10.1186/s12881-019-0921-9 · Cited by 10
Clinical Implications of Ketosis in Children with Benign Convulsions with Mild Gastroenteritis
Lee, J., Ryu, J., Lee, J. S., et al. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Neurology · doi:10.3988/jcn.2020.16.1.96 · Cited by 10
Self-citation
Growth and Nutritional Status of Children in North Korean Refugee Families
Choi, S.-W. (2020) · JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH · doi:10.21896/jksmch.2020.24.2.96 · Cited by 10
“2) 성장 및 영양 상태 아동의 성장 및 영양상태는 2017년 질병관리본부와 대 한소아과학회에서 공동개발한 2017 소아청소년 성장도표 를 활용하였다(Kim et al., 2018).”
Handgrip Strength and Current Smoking Are Associated with Cardiometabolic Risk in Korean Adolescents: A Population-Based Study
Kim, S. Y., Lee, J., & Kim, Y. H. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17145021 · Cited by 10
Self-citation
Clinical and Genetic Characteristics of 23 Korean Patients with Haploinsufficiency of the Short-stature Homeobox-containing Gene
Lee, J.-S., Kim, H. Y., Lee, Y. A., Lee, S.-Y., Cho, T., & Ko, J. M. (2020) · Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes · doi:10.1055/a-1247-4863 · Cited by 10
Self-citation
Association between Dietary Patterns and Handgrip Strength: Analysis of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data Between 2014 and 2017
Kang, Y., Kim, J., Kim, D.-Y., Kim, S., Park, S., Lim, H., & Koh, H. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12103048 · Cited by 10
Self-citation
Body mass index trajectories and adiposity rebound during the first 6 years in Korean children: Based on the National Health Information Database, 2008–2015
Hwang, I. T., Ju, Y., Lee, H. J., Shim, Y. S., Jeong, H. R., & Kang, M. J. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0232810 · Cited by 10
“Interestingly, BMI value at the age of AR was higher and BMI velocity after AR was greater in our subjects than those in the Korean standards [21].”
MethodResult
Factors Associated with Lifestyle Habits and Mental Health Problems in Korean Adolescents: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017–2018
Yoo, H.-N., & Kim, N. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17249418 · Cited by 13
Multilevel factors associated with adolescents’ obesity: Analysis of 2017-2019 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey data
Kim, S. K., Choi, S., & Kim, H. (2021) · 보건교육·건강증진학회지 · doi:10.14367/kjhep.2021.38.1.13 · Cited by 10
Self-citation
Investigating whether serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels reflect the height outcome in prepubertal children upon rhGH therapy: LG growth study database
Kim, M. S., Kim, E. Y., Kim, E. Y., So, C. H., & Kim, C. J. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0259287 · Cited by 10
“3 after the 1 year of therapy as a poor response for children with IGHD, and ISS/SGA, respectively [3, 16, 17].”
BackgroundMethod
A novel likely pathogenic PLCG2 variant in a patient with a recurrent skin blistering disease and B-cell lymphopenia
Park, H. S., Oh, A., Keum, C., Lee, J., Lee, J. K., Son, B. R., Shin, K. S., & Hahn, Y. (2021) · European Journal of Medical Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ejmg.2021.104387 · Cited by 9
Self-citation
Clinical Significance of the Fetuin-A-to-Adiponectin Ratio in Obese Children and Adolescents with Diabetes Mellitus
Ahn, M. B., Kim, S.-K., Kim, S. H., Cho, W. K., Suh, J., Cho, K., Suh, B., & Jung, M. H. (2021) · Children · doi:10.3390/children8121155 · Cited by 11
Self-citation

Authors: Kim, J. H., Yun, S., Hwang, S.-S., Shim, J. O., Chae, H. W., Lee, Y. J., Lee, J. H., Kim, S. C., Lim, D., Yang, S. W., Oh, K., Moon, J. S., The Committee for the Development of Growth Standards for Korean Children and Adolescents, The Committee for School Health and Public Health Statistics, T. K. P. S., & Division of Health and Nutrition Survey, K. C. F. D. C. A. P.
Affiliations: Seoul National University (KR)
Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KR)
Korea University Guro Hospital (KR)
Yonsei University (KR)
Pusan National University Children's Hospital (KR)
Chungbuk National University (KR)
Jeonbuk National University Hospital (KR)
Corresponding author: Oh, Kyungwon
Moon, Jin Soo
ORCID: Kim, Jae Hyun
Yun, Sungha
Hwang, Seung-sik
Shim, Jung Ok
Chae, Hyun Wook
Lee, Yeoun Joo
Lee, Ji Hyuk
Kim, Soon Chul
Lim, Dohee
Yang, Sei Won
Oh, Kyungwon
Moon, Jin Soo
Venue: Korean Journal of Pediatrics
Publisher: Korean Pediatric Society
Published: 2018
Volume: 61
Issue: 5
Pages: 135
ISSN: 1738-1061 (ISSN-L)
2092-7258
DOI: 10.3345/kjp.2018.61.5.135
PMC: PMC5976563
OpenAlex: W2803129443
Semantic Scholar: b19ce79f2b3b48572e42bc71d85db1df5710014f
Cited by: 638
References: 31
Citations by year: 2026: 72 · 2025: 86 · 2024: 106 · 2023: 97 · 2022: 85 · 2021: 89 · 2020: 66 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 10
FWCI: 9.13
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: diamond
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Korean Journal of Pediatrics (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders: Ministry of Health and Welfare (2016-E34004-00)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Human Health and Disease
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
Keywords: child growth standards, anthropometric reference values, height-for-age, body mass index for age, weight-for-age, head circumference, breastfeeding, bottle feeding, childhood obesity, WHO Child Growth Standards, Korean children and adolescents

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The 2017 Korean National Growth Charts for children and adolescents: development, improvement, and prospects

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