The DOI matches its Crossref record; 57 of the 64 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Gravity for Dummies and Dummies for Gravity Equations
Open accessAbstract
This paper provides a minimalist derivation of the gravity equation and uses it to identify three common errors in the literature, what we call the gold, silver and bronze medal errors.The paper provides estimates of the size of the biases taking the currency union trade effect as an example.We generalize Anderson-Van Wincoop's multilateral trade resistance factor (which only works with cross section data) to allow for panel data and then show that it can be dealt with using time-varying country dummies with omitted determinants of bilateral trade being dealt with by time-invariant pair dummies.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“To underscore the importance of the MRs Baldwin and Taglioni (2006) dub the omission to control for them 'the gold medal mistake' in gravity estimations.”
From Estimating the effects of trade agreements: Lessons from 60 years of methods and data (2024) · cites this paper as Baldwin and Taglioni (2006)
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Baldwin and Taglioni (2006) emphasise that, as a function of time-varying bilateral trade costs, MRs are also time-varying, which implies that the proper set of fixed effects in panel gravity regressions should be of dimension exporter-time and importer-time.”
From Estimating the effects of trade agreements: Lessons from 60 years of methods and data (2024) · cites this paper as Baldwin and Taglioni (2006)
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
(2001) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 27,577
Gravity with Gravitas: A Solution to the Border Puzzle
Anderson, J. E., & van Wincoop, E. (2003) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/000282803321455214 · Cited by 7,566
Trade Liberalisation and “Revealed” Comparative Advantage 1
Balassa, B. (1965) · The Manchester School · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9957.1965.tb00050.x · Cited by 4,809
(1979) · American Economic Review · Cited by 3,564
The nature and growth of vertical specialization in world trade
Hummels, D., Ishii, J., & Yi, K. (2001) · Journal of International Economics · doi:10.1016/s0022-1996(00)00093-3 · Cited by 3,225
Market Structure and Foreign Trade
Brander, J. A., Helpman, & Krugman (1986) · Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d économique · doi:10.2307/135294 · Cited by 3,037
The Gravity Equation in International Trade: Some Microeconomic Foundations and Empirical Evidence
Bergstrand, J. H. (1985) · The Review of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.2307/1925976 · Cited by 3,013
National Borders Matter: Canada-U.S. Regional Trade Patterns.
McCallum, J. C. P. (1995) · American Economic Review · Cited by 1,980
Market structure and foreign trade
Helpman, E. (1985) · Cited by 1,377
Can Vertical Specialization Explain the Growth of World Trade?
Yi, K. (2003) · Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1086/344805 · Cited by 1,356
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- Leamer, E. E. 1984. Sources of International Comparative Advantage. Cambridge, MIT Press.
- Markusen, and Venables, Anthony "The General Theory of Inter-Industry-, Intra-Industry-, and Multinational Trade", Journal of International Economics 52 (2000), 209-234.
- Poyhonen, Pentti. 1963a. "A Tentative Model for the Volume of Trade Between Countries", Welwirtschaftliches Archiv, 90 (1): 93-99.
- Poyhonen, Pentti. 1963b. "Toward a General Theory of International Trade", Ekonomiska Samfundets Tidskrift, 16(2): 69-78.
- Rose, Andrew K. and E. van Wincoop (2001) "National Money as a Barrier to Trade: The Real Case for Monetary Union", American Economic Review 91-2, 386-390.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 801–900 of 1,000
Essays on Trade and Transportation
Friedt, F. (2017) · Scholars' Bank (University of Oregon) · Cited by 3
Gravity Model of Croatian Regional Foreign TradePreprint
Družić, I., Anić, M., & Sekur, T. (2013) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2232735 · Cited by 3
The Tide That Does Not Raise All Boats: An Assessment of EU Preferential Trade PoliciesPreprint
Cipollina, M., Laborde, D., & Salvatici, L. (2014) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · doi:10.22004/ag.econ.285158 · Cited by 3
Taking Gravity Online: The Role of Virtual Proximity In International FinancePreprint
Hellmanzik, C., & Schmitz, M. (2016) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2723365 · Cited by 3
The Impacts of Regional Trade Agreements in Force in Europe on Trade in ServicesPreprint
Guillin, A. (2011) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1977220 · Cited by 3
Impact of regulatory measures on international trade in meat products
Schlueter, S. W. (2012) · bonndoc (University of Bonn) · Cited by 3
Zongo, A. M. I., & Oyelami, L. O. (2021) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3866424 · Cited by 3
Arita, S., Grant, J. H., Sydow, S., & Beckman, J. (2021) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w29551 · Cited by 3
How far has globalization gone? a tale of two regions
Campos, R. G., Pienknagura, S., & Timini, J. (2023) · Documentos de trabajo/Documento de trabajo - Banco de España, Servicio de Estudios · doi:10.53479/34612 · Cited by 3
Oil Trade and Climate PolicyPreprint
Çürük, M., & Şen, S. (2015) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2593717 · Cited by 3
The Import Effects of the Entry Price SystemPreprint
Santeramo, F. G., Márquez‐Ramos, L., & Lamonaca, E. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4530434 · Cited by 3
To Stream or Not to Stream : impact on the Economics of Content Industries
Aly-Tovar, R. J. (2021) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/2c867883z4bcdz47a7z9029zc522efd1c459 · Cited by 3
Tond֤é, W. D. (2024) · Journal of International Trade & Economic Development · doi:10.1080/09638199.2024.2433004 · Cited by 2
Grant, J. H., Boys, K. A., Giddens, J. C., & Loux, W. (2025) · Food Policy · doi:10.1016/j.foodpol.2025.102846 · Cited by 2
Spatial Patterns of Cereal Imports and Food Security in Africa: A Gravity Model Approach
Gannoun, I. (2025) · Business and Economic Research · doi:10.5296/ber.v15i3.22983 · Cited by 2
Culture as Collateral Damage? Evidence From the Impact of Sanctions on Cultural Trade
Cevik, M., Fazio, G., & Maioli, S. (2025) · World Economy · doi:10.1111/twec.70012 · Cited by 2
EVALUATION OF THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF THE TRADE PILLAR OF THE EU-CHILE ASSOCIATION AGREEMENT
Sarl, I. (2012) · Cited by 2
Dinda, S. (2016) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-9814-7.ch017 · Cited by 2
Trade Facilitation in South Asia: Landlocked Countries’ Perspective
Paudel, R. C. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-6814-1_4 · Cited by 2
The impact of the customs union on the EU – Turkey trade
Dursun, G. (2022) · International Economics · doi:10.1016/j.inteco.2022.10.006 · Cited by 2
The effect of Russian unfriendly-country list and import ban: Gravity framework test
Krivko, M., Kontsevaya, S., & Smutka, Ľ. (2023) · JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL STUDIES · doi:10.14254/2071-8330.2023/16-2/4 · Cited by 2
Which commercial partners are important for the most recently admitted EU countries?
Gómez–Tello, A. (2014) · Economics of Transition · doi:10.1111/ecot.12059 · Cited by 2
How does UNESCO’s Convention on Cultural Diversity affect trade in cultural goods?
Jinji, N., & Tanaka, A. (2020) · Journal of Cultural Economics · doi:10.1007/s10824-020-09380-6 · Cited by 2
Proposing a new measure of distance in the gravity setting: evidence from Latin America
Mejía, J. F., & Hassan, A. R. (2017) · Economia Aplicada · doi:10.11606/1413-8050/ea154363 · Cited by 2
ANALYSIS OF BRAZILIAN EXPORTS OF CONIFER WOOD MOLDINGS THROUGH GRAVITY TRADE MODEL1
Valerius, J., Bittencourt, M. V. L., da Silva, J. C. G. L., & Frega, J. R. (2018) · Revista Árvore · doi:10.1590/1806-90882017000400015 · Cited by 2
Eurasian Economic Integration and the Possibility of Increasing Serbia's Exports to Russia
Stanojević, N. (2020) · Institute of International Politics ; Economics eBooks · doi:10.18485/iipe_ru_sr.2020.ch3 · Cited by 2
Padilla, G. L. A. (2021) · Economía · doi:10.18800/economia.202102.001 · Cited by 2
Is manufacturing trade a stepping stone or an obstacle to service trade?
Chen, J., Zhao, D., Yu, Y.-N., & Wang, S. (2023) · International Journal of Emerging Markets · doi:10.1108/ijoem-10-2022-1585 · Cited by 2
Trade potential in European Union manufacturing
Chatzilazarou, L. A., & Dadakas, D. (2023) · Journal of Economic Studies · doi:10.1108/jes-06-2023-0292 · Cited by 2
Hedoui, M. A., & Beghin, J. C. (2024) · Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics · doi:10.1111/1467-8489.12591 · Cited by 2
National and foreign trade elasticities: a spatial econometrics approach
Zofio, J. L., Barbero, J., Lanchas, J. D., & Persyn, D. (2025) · Regional Studies · doi:10.1080/00343404.2025.2469608 · Cited by 2
The Effects of Regional Trade Agreements on Trade Flows: A Structural Gravity Equation Analyses
ARICIOĞLU, E. (2025) · Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi · doi:10.37880/cumuiibf.1673185 · Cited by 2
Olarinde, M. O., & Iyoboyi, M. (2026) · Journal of Shipping and Trade · doi:10.1186/s41072-026-00242-6 · Cited by 2
DUMMIES FOR POLICIES OR POLICIES FOR DUMMIES? A MONTECARLO- GRAVITY EXPERIMENT.
Cipollina, M., Benedictis, L. D., Vicarelli, C., & Salvatici, L. (2013) · Cited by 2
The trade effects, protectionism, and political economy of non-tariff measures
Li, Y. (2013) · Iowa State University Digital Repository (Iowa State University) · Cited by 2
Duc, C., Granger, C., & Siroën, J. (2007) · Revue économique · doi:10.3917/reco.585.1055 · Cited by 2
Trade Impact of European Union Preferences: An Analysis with Monthly Data
Cardamone, P. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-16564-1_8 · Cited by 2
Does the nature of Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) Matter in Promoting Trade?
Shahid, S. (2012) · Graduate Institute Geneva Institutional Repository (Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies) · doi:10.13140/2.1.1913.6809 · Cited by 2
THE IMPACT OF GATT/WTO ON TRADE
Gil‐Pareja, S., Llorca‐Vivero, R., & Martínez‐Serrano, J. A. (2013) · Cited by 2
Macroeconomic modelling for policy analysis
Bardazzi, R., Bardazzi, R., & Ghezzi, L. (2013) · Studi e saggi · doi:10.36253/978-88-6655-396-0 · Cited by 2
Paladini, S., & Cheng, J. Y. S. (2015) · The Journal of Comparative Asian Development · doi:10.1080/15339114.2015.1059057 · Cited by 2
Valuing Trade in Services in Africa
Sáez, S., McKenna, M., & Hoffman, B. (2015) · Cited by 2
Biofuels public support and technological specialization in the energy sector
Costantini, V., CRESPI, F., & Zezza, A. (2010) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203850411-20 · Cited by 2
A comparative analysis of African and Asian migrants’ effect on trade
Admassu, S. (2017) · Empirical Economics · doi:10.1007/s00181-017-1408-1 · Cited by 2
Tamaș, A. (2021) · International Journal of Economic Sciences · doi:10.52950/es.2021.10.1.008 · Cited by 2
Trade impacts of the New Silk Road in Africa: Insight from Neural Networks Analysis
Dumor, K., & Gbongli, K. (2021) · Theory Methodology Practice · doi:10.18096/tmp.2021.03.02 · Cited by 2
World Economic Outlook, October 2010: Recovery, Risk, and Rebalancing
Dept., I. R. (2010) · Perspectivas de la economía mundial · doi:10.5089/9781589069633.081 · Cited by 2
Baldwin, R., & Dingel, J. I. (2022) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003275534-6 · Cited by 2
Self-citationDO ICT AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT FACILITATE SUPPLY CHAIN TRADE?
Zaninović, P. A. (2022) · Zbornik radova Ekonomskog fakulteta u Rijeci · doi:10.18045/zbefri.2022.2.313 · Cited by 2
COVID‐19 and the distance effect
Lin, F., Liu, M., & Zhou, M. (2023) · World Economy · doi:10.1111/twec.13479 · Cited by 2
Izotov, D. (2023) · Spatial Economics · doi:10.14530/se.2023.4.117-144 · Cited by 2
Le régionalisme commercial en Asie orientale
Guilhot, L. (2012) · Revue économique · doi:10.3917/reco.636.1179 · Cited by 2
Determinantes Nacionales del Comercio Intraindustrial en Argentina
Cicco, J. A. D., Calá, C. D., & Berges, M. (2011) · Revista de Economía y Estadística · doi:10.55444/2451.7321.2011.v49.n2.7489 · Cited by 2
The role of regime types on bilateral trade levels
de Bruijn, J. (2014) · Cited by 2
de Paula, J. S., & da Silva, O. M. (2015) · Análise Econômica · doi:10.22456/2176-5456.39299 · Cited by 2
Enhancing Trade Through Migration. A Gravity Model of the Network Effect
Casi, L. (2009) · Cited by 2
Umulisa, Y. (2016) · Advances in African economic, social and political development · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-30432-8_5 · Cited by 2
Regional Integration and Trade in Sub-Saharan Africa, 1993–2010
Seid, E. H. (2015) · Palgrave Macmillan eBooks · doi:10.1057/9781137462053.0016 · Cited by 2
Paraschiv, M. (2016) · UKnowledge (University of Kentucky) · doi:10.13023/etd.2016.327 · Cited by 2
Is a Model of Comprehensive Regionalism Trade-Increasing for V4 Countries? Sectoral Approach
Gauger, I., & Śledziewska, K. (2017) · Prague Economic Papers · doi:10.18267/j.pep.639 · Cited by 2
Hussain, M. (2017) · JISR management and social sciences & economics · doi:10.31384/jisrmsse/2017.15.2.8 · Cited by 2
GRAVITACIJSKO MODELIRANJE REGIONALNE DISPERZIJE FDI-A (CEFTA 2006)
Sekur, T. (2013) · Hrčak Portal of scientific journals of Croatia (University Computing Centre) · Cited by 2
Service Trade Liberalization in Oman: International Commitments and Trade Performance
Boughanmi, H., & Al-Riyami, S. A. (2019) · Review of Middle East Economics and Finance · doi:10.1515/rmeef-2018-0004 · Cited by 2
An econometric analysis of trade creation and trade diversion in mercosur and Paraguay
Gunther, G., & Federico, V. (2012) · University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy (University of Minnesota) · Cited by 2
Conroy, M. E. (2013) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2355967 · Cited by 2
Carbon emissions and bilateral trade
Sato, M. (2012) · London School of Economics and Political Science Theses Online (London School of Economics and Political Science) · Cited by 2
The euro impact on trade. Long run evidence with structural breaksPreprint
Camarero, M., Gómez-Herrera, E., & Tamarit, C. R. (2012) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 2
Trade liberalisation, adoption costs, and import margins in CEEC and OECD tradePreprint
Frensch, R. (2008) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 2
Effets de certains accords commerciaux régionaux sur les échanges agricoles
Korinek, J., & Melatos, M. (2009) · doi:10.1787/5kmk0bj78q31-fr · Cited by 2
Dinda, S. (2011) · Munich Personal RePEc Archive (Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich) · Cited by 2
Does every stone fall in the same way? new gravity evidence on world trade
Cunedioglu, E., & Yucel, E. M. (2011) · Munich Personal RePEc Archive (Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich) · Cited by 2
Essays on trade integration among GCC countries
Alawadhi, A. (2014) · ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) · Cited by 2
Climate Change Creates Trade Opportunity in IndiaPreprint
Dinda, S. (2013) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2339949 · Cited by 2
Modelling the Extensive Margin of World Trade: New Evidence on GATT and WTO Membership
Felbermayr, G. J., & Köhler, W. (2011) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781444343991.ch4 · Cited by 2
Bestbier, R. H. (2016) · SUNScholar (Stellenbosch University) · Cited by 2
An Interdependent Multi‐layer Model for Trade
Caschili, S., Medda, F., & Wilson, A. G. (2016) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118937464.ch3 · Cited by 2
(Determining Factors and the Effects of Trade on Economic Growth in North Korea)Preprint
임호열, 최장호, 방호경, 임소정, 김준영, 주셴핑, 진화림, & 정은이 (2015) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2772530 · Cited by 2
Chiappini, R., & Jégourel, Y. (2014) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 2
Poshakwale, S. S. (2011) · CERES (Cranfield University) · Cited by 2
Tuna Fisheries and Trade within COMESAPreprint
Mailu, S., Ngila, M., & Wamukota, A. W. (2018) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2827129 · Cited by 2
Freeman, R., & Pienknagura, S. (2016) · World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks · doi:10.1596/1813-9450-7809 · Cited by 2
2015 Kiep Visiting Fellows ProgramPreprint
Cao, Z., Sheng, C., Tochkov, K., Mi, Z., Mohamed, N. M. A., Adolfo, A. L. C., Çolakoğlu, S., & Xu, M. (2017) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2945990 · Cited by 2
FROM BEIJING TO BENTONVILLE: DO MULTINATIONAL RETAILERS LINK MARKETS?Preprint
Head, K. C., Jing, R., & Swenson, D. L. (2010) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 2
Trade Costs and Economic DevelopmentPreprint
Marchionne, F., & Fratianni, M. U. (2011) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1743653 · Cited by 2
Assessing the impact of China's FTS’s on trade creation and trade diversion
Qiu, B. (2020) · doi:10.58837/chula.the.2020.270 · Cited by 2
The Empire Project: Trade Policy in Interwar Canada
Lampe, M., O’Rourke, K., Reiter, L., & Yotov, Y. V. (2023) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w31238 · Cited by 2
Reassessing the Impact of the Single Market and its Ability to Help Build Strategic AutonomyPreprint
Fontagné, L., & Yotov, Y. V. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4868732 · Cited by 2
The Low-Hanging Fruit of the Single European Market: New Methods and MeasuresPreprint
Fontagné, L., & Yotov, Y. V. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5250929 · Cited by 2
INTEREST RATE, SAVINGS, AND INDUSTRIAL PERFORMANCE IN NIGERIA
Ajayi, F. O., Lawal, O. A., OGUNWALE, S. A., AFINJU, O. O., & Toriola, A. K. (2023) · Journal of Public Administration Finance and Law · doi:10.47743/jopafl-2023-28-03 · Cited by 1
Does one good turn deserve another? Evidence from China’s trade and aid policy
Turcu, C., & Zhang, Y. (2024) · Post-Communist Economies · doi:10.1080/14631377.2024.2349391 · Cited by 1
How Far has Globalization Gone? A Tale of Two Regions
Campos, R. G., Pienknagura, S., & Timini, J. (2025) · Review of International Economics · doi:10.1111/roie.12791 · Cited by 1
The impact of heterogeneity in bilateral investment treaties on foreign direct investment
Zhu, Z., Kim, C.-B., & Hwang, J. (2025) · Journal of Applied Economics · doi:10.1080/15140326.2025.2485243 · Cited by 1
Self-consistent gravity model for inferring node mass in flow networks
Lee, D., Cho, W., Kim, H., Kim, G., Jeong, H.-C., & Kim, B. J. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-03664-7 · Cited by 1
Analysis of Trade Creation and Trade Diversion Effects Between Korea and South/North Asia
Soon, B. M., Cho, S., & Kim, J. (2025) · Asian-Pacific Economic Literature · doi:10.1111/apel.70004 · Cited by 1
Leawsakul, K. (2025) · International Journal of Economic Policy Studies · doi:10.1007/s42495-025-00160-8 · Cited by 1
Evaluating the Effects of Trade Agreements: the Case of North Macedonia
Selamovski, P., & Voronova, T. A. (2025) · International Trade and Trade Policy · doi:10.21686/2410-7395-2025-4-167-177 · Cited by 1
Regional Integration and Participation of COMESA Member Countries in Global Value Chains
Asaloko, P. P., Asongu, S. A., ODHUA, N. A., & Mosunga, G. M. (2025) · African Development Review · doi:10.1111/1467-8268.70045 · Cited by 1
Structural Change in Africa: The Role of North–South and South–South Trade
Ndubuisi, G. O., Owusu, S., & Kassa, W. (2026) · World Economy · doi:10.1111/twec.70049 · Cited by 1
A determination of factors affecting U.S. imports of catfish and trout
Amaya-Discua, D., Kennedy, P. L., Davis, C. G., & Biswas, T. (2026) · Aquaculture Economics & Management · doi:10.1080/13657305.2026.2628258 · Cited by 1
Economic Policy Uncertainty and Trade Flows: Evidence from the Asia-Pacific Region
Nguyễn, M. H., Tran, T. K., & Pham, S. A. (2026) · Economies · doi:10.3390/economies14030099 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Baldwin, R., & Taglioni, D.
- Affiliations
- European Central Bank (DE)
- Venue
- National Bureau of Economic Research
- Publisher
- National Bureau of Economic Research
- Published
- 2006-09
- OpenAlex
- W2126230473
- Cited by
- 1,206
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 32 · 2025: 51 · 2024: 51 · 2023: 61 · 2022: 57 · 2021: 77 · 2020: 63 · 2019: 44 · 2018: 46 · 2017: 54 · 2016: 56 · 2015: 78 · 2014: 93 · 2013: 71 · 2012: 73
- Type
- report
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- National Bureau of Economic Research (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- National Bureau of Economic Research (submittedVersion)
- Graduate Institute Geneva Institutional Repository (Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Graduate Institute Geneva Institutional Repository (Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › General Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Global trade and economics
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Spatial and Panel Data Analysis
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Economic Growth and Productivity
- Keywords
- gravity model, panel data
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review