Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 936

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 11 of the 11 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The Politics of Free Trade Agreements

Open access
Grossman, Gene, Helpman, Elhanan·1993·National Bureau of Economic Research

Abstract

Suppose that an opportunity arises for two countries to negotiate a free trade agreement (FTA).Will an FTA between these countries be politically viable?And if so, what form will it take?We address these questions using a political-economy framework that emphasizes the interaction between industry special interest groups and an incumbent government.We describe the economic conditions necessary for an FTA to be an equilibrium outcome, both for the case when the agreement must cover all bilateral trade and when a few, politically sensitive sectors can be excluded from the agreement.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3386/w4597

Cites

11 of 11 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 11 references

Cited by

See all 936

Metadata

Authors
Grossman, G., & Helpman, E.
Venue
National Bureau of Economic Research
Published
1993-12
OpenAlex
W3121319080
Cited by
936
References
11
Type
report
Language
en
Open access
green

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Politics of Free Trade Agreements. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.3386/w4597
The paper
Grossman, G., & Helpman, E. (1993). The Politics of Free Trade Agreements. National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w4597

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.