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Institutions Rule: The Primacy of Institutions over Geography and Integration in Economic Development
Open accessAbstract
We estimate the respective contributions of institutions, geography, and trade in determining income levels around the world, using recently developed instruments for institutions and trade.Our results indicate that the quality of institutions "trumps" everything else.Once institutions are controlled for, measures of geography have at best weak direct effects on incomes, although they have a strong indirect effect by influencing the quality of institutions.Similarly, once institutions are controlled for, trade is almost always insignificant, and often enters the income equation with the "wrong" (i.e., negative) sign, although trade too has a positive effect on institutional quality.We relate our results to recent literature, and where differences exist, trace their origins to choices on samples, specification, and instrumentation.
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Djankov, S., Glaeser, E., La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silanes, F., & Shleifer, A. (2003) · Journal of Comparative Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jce.2003.08.005 · Cited by 1,204
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The multiple facets of social capital
Bjørnskov, C. (2006) · European Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2005.05.006 · Cited by 508
Do Bilateral Investment Treaties Attract Foreign Direct Investment? Only a Bit … and They Could Bite
Hallward-Driemeier, M. (2003) · doi:10.1596/1813-9450-3121 · Cited by 321
Institutions and the relation between corruption and economic growth
de Vaal, A., & Ebben, W. (2011) · Review of Development Economics · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9361.2010.00596.x · Cited by 185
Paths to Development: Is there a Bangladesh Surprise?
Asadullah, M. N., Savoia, A., & Mahmud, W. (2014) · World Development · doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.05.013 · Cited by 141
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Gazdar, K., & Cherif, M. (2015) · Borsa Istanbul Review · doi:10.1016/j.bir.2015.06.001 · Cited by 118
Elert, N., & Henrekson, M. (2016) · Small Business Economics · doi:10.1007/s11187-016-9725-x · Cited by 114
Metadata
- Authors
- Rodrik, D., Subramanian, A., & Trebbi, F.
- Venue
- National Bureau of Economic Research
- Publisher
- National Bureau of Economic Research
- Published
- 2002-11
- OpenAlex
- W1977433163
- Cited by
- 1,692
- References
- 6
- Type
- report
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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