Tolerance of Tetraselmis tetrathele to High Ammonium Nitrogen and Its Effect on Growth Rate, Carotenoid, and Fatty Acids Productivity
Open accessAbstract
Microalgae can use either ammonium or nitrate for its growth and vitality. However, at a certain level of concentration, ammonium nitrogen exhibits toxicity which consequently can inhibit microalgae productivity. Therefore, this study is aimed to investigate the tolerance of Tetraselmis tetrathele to high ammonium nitrogen concentrations and its effects on growth rate, photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm), pigment contents (chlorophyll a, lutein, neoxanthin, and β-carotene), and fatty acids production. Experiments were performed at different ammonium nitrogen concentrations (0.31–0.87 gL−1) for 6 days under a light source with an intensity of 300 μmol photons m−2 s−1 and nitrate-nitrogen source as the experimental control. The findings indicated no apparent enhancement of photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm) at high levels of ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) for T. tetrathele within 24 h. However, after 24 h, the photosynthetic efficiency of T. tetrathele increased significantly (p < 0.05) in high concentration of NH4+-N. Chlorophyll a content in T. tetrathele grown in all of the different NH4+-N levels increased significantly compared to nitrate-nitrogen (NO 3-N) treatment (p < 0.05); which supported that this microalgal could grow even in high level of NH4+-N concentrations. The findings also indicated that T. tetrathele is highly resistant to high ammonium nitrogen which suggests T. tetrathele to be used in the aquaculture industry for bioremediation purpose to remove ammonium nitrogen, thus reducing the production cost while improving the water quality.
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- Authors
- Farahin, A. W., Natrah, I., Nagao, N., Yusoff, F. M., Shariff, M., Banerjee, S., Katayama, T., Nakakuni, M., Koyama, M., Nakasaki, K., & Toda, T.
- Affiliations
- Universiti Putra Malaysia (MY)
- The University of Tokyo (JP)
- Kagawa University (JP)
- Tokyo Institute of Technology (JP)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2021-01-28
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- No. 19
- Pages
- 568776-568776
- ISSN
- 2296-4185 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7876249
- OpenAlex
- W3128306079
- Cited by
- 34
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3
- FWCI
- 0.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
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- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
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- Universiti Putra Malaysia Institutional Repository (Universiti Putra Malaysia) (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB) (submittedVersion)
- Tokyo Tech Research Repository (Tokyo Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Japan Science and Technology Agency
- Japan International Cooperation Agency
- Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development
- Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Algal biology and biofuel production
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Aquatic Ecosystems and Phytoplankton Dynamics
- Keywords
- Tetraselmis tetrathele, photosynthetic efficiency, chlorophyll a, carotenoids, fatty acid production, nitrate nitrogen, microalgae growth rate, bioremediation, aquaculture water quality
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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