Identification of the PANoptosome: A Molecular Platform Triggering Pyroptosis, Apoptosis, and Necroptosis (PANoptosis)
Open accessAbstract
Programmed cell death plays crucial roles in organismal development and host defense. Recent studies have highlighted mechanistic overlaps and extensive, multifaceted crosstalk between pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis, three programmed cell death pathways traditionally considered autonomous. The growing body of evidence, in conjunction with the identification of molecules controlling the concomitant activation of all three pathways by pathological triggers, has led to the development of the concept of PANoptosis. In PANoptosis, pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis are activated collectively which can circumvent pathogen-mediated inhibition of individual death pathways. Many of the molecular details of this emerging pathway are unclear. Here, we describe the activation of PANoptosis by bacterial and viral triggers, and report protein interactions that reveal the formation of a PANoptosome complex. Infection of macrophages with influenza A virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, Listeria monocytogenes, or Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium resulted in robust cell death and the hallmarks of PANoptosis activation. Combined deletion of the PANoptotic components caspase-1 (CASP1), CASP11, receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 3 (RIPK3), and CASP8 largely protected macrophages from cell death induced by these pathogens, while deletion of individual components provided reduced or no protection. Further, molecules from the pyroptotic, apoptotic, and necroptotic cell death pathways interacted to form a single molecular complex that we have termed the PANoptosome. Overall, our study identifies pathogens capable of activating PANoptosis and the formation of a PANoptosome complex.
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The PANoptosome includes various molecules necessary for the activation of downstream programmed cell death (PCD) effectors such as GSDMD, GSDME, CASP3/7, and MLKL.
“This complex includes various molecules necessary for the activation of downstream programmed cell death (PCD) effectors such as GSDMD, GSDME, CASP3/7, and MLKL (Fig. 4).”
From Inflammation and aging: signaling pathways and intervention therapies (2023) · cites this paper as [272]
The Results ('Formation of the PANoptosome' and 'Inhibition of TAK1 Results in PANoptosis Activation and Formation of the PANoptosome'; page unavailable) identify interacting PANoptosome components and report activation of GSDMD, CASP3, CASP7, and MLKL in the studied conditions. The copy does not establish GSDME as a downstream effector activated by this complex, so that item in the list is unsupported. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredCytokines or PAMPs trigger the assembly of a multiprotein complex called the PANoptosome.
“Cytokines or PAMPs trigger the assembly of a multiprotein complex called the PANoptosome.”
From Inflammation and aging: signaling pathways and intervention therapies (2023) · cites this paper as [272]
The Results (‘Formation of the PANoptosome’; page unavailable) support the existence of a multiprotein complex called the PANoptosome, and the Discussion describes its assembly. The paper reports bacterial and viral triggers of PANoptosis, but these passages do not establish that cytokines or PAMPs specifically trigger PANoptosome assembly; the Discussion says the mechanisms governing assembly remain unknown. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPANoptosis is a united modality of inflammatory programmed cell death, accompanied by markers of apoptosis, necrosis, and pyroptosis pathways.
“PANoptosis, is a united modality of inflammatory programmed cell death, accompanied by markers of apoptosis, necrosis, and pyroptosis pathways.271–275”
From Inflammation and aging: signaling pathways and intervention therapies (2023) · cites this paper as [272]
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- Authors
- Christgen, S., Zheng, M., Kesavardhana, S., Karki, R., Malireddi, R. K. S., Banoth, B., Place, D. E., Briard, B., Sharma, B. R., Tuladhar, S., Samir, P., Burton, A., & Kanneganti, T.-D.
- Affiliations
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kanneganti, Thirumala-Devi
- ORCID
- Venue
- Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2020-05-29
- Volume
- 10
- Pages
- 237-237
- ISSN
- 2235-2988 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7274033
- OpenAlex
- W3031478418
- Cited by
- 588
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 121 · 2025: 143 · 2024: 110 · 2023: 81 · 2022: 65 · 2021: 44 · 2020: 24
- FWCI
- 17.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Seoul National University Open Repository (Seoul National University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Inflammasome and immune disorders
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Keywords
- PANoptosis, PANoptosome, pyroptosis, apoptosis, necroptosis, programmed cell death, macrophages, caspase-1, caspase-11, RIPK3, caspase-8, influenza A virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhimurium, cell death crosstalk
- MeSH terms
- Pyroptosis, Necroptosis, Animals, Listeria monocytogenes, Macrophages, Influenza A virus, Salmonella typhimurium, Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus, Apoptosis, Caspase 1, Mice, Caspase 8, Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, Caspases, Initiator
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