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Cited by 193COVID-19 Clinical Research StudiesObesity, Physical Activity, DietLong-Term Effects of COVID-19

Association of Obesity With COVID-19 Severity and Mortality: An Updated Systemic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression

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Singh, Romil, Rathore, Sawai Singh, Khan, Hira, Karale, Smruti, Chawla, Yogesh, Iqbal, Kinza, Bhurwal, Abhishek, Tekin, Aysun +10 more·2022·Frontiers in Endocrinology
DOI 10.3389/fendo.2022.780872PMC PMC9205425
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Abstract

Background: Obesity affects the course of critical illnesses. We aimed to estimate the association of obesity with the severity and mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Data Sources: A systematic search was conducted from the inception of the COVID-19 pandemic through to 13 October 2021, on databases including Medline (PubMed), Embase, Science Web, and Cochrane Central Controlled Trials Registry. Preprint servers such as BioRxiv, MedRxiv, ChemRxiv, and SSRN were also scanned. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Full-length articles focusing on the association of obesity and outcome in COVID-19 patients were included. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines were used for study selection and data extraction. Our Population of interest were COVID-19 positive patients, obesity is our Intervention/Exposure point, Comparators are Non-obese vs obese patients The chief outcome of the study was the severity of the confirmed COVID-19 positive hospitalized patients in terms of admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) or the requirement of invasive mechanical ventilation/intubation with obesity. All-cause mortality in COVID-19 positive hospitalized patients with obesity was the secondary outcome of the study. Results: In total, 3,140,413 patients from 167 studies were included in the study. Obesity was associated with an increased risk of severe disease (RR=1.52, 95% CI 1.41-1.63, p<0.001, I 2 = 97%). Similarly, high mortality was observed in obese patients (RR=1.09, 95% CI 1.02-1.16, p=0.006, I 2 = 97%). In multivariate meta-regression on severity, the covariate of the female gender, pulmonary disease, diabetes, older age, cardiovascular diseases, and hypertension was found to be significant and explained R 2 = 40% of the between-study heterogeneity for severity. The aforementioned covariates were found to be significant for mortality as well, and these covariates collectively explained R 2 = 50% of the between-study variability for mortality. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that obesity is significantly associated with increased severity and higher mortality among COVID-19 patients. Therefore, the inclusion of obesity or its surrogate body mass index in prognostic scores and improvement of guidelines for patient care management is recommended.

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Authors
Singh, R., Rathore, S. S., Khan, H., Karale, S., Chawla, Y., Iqbal, K., Bhurwal, A., Tekin, A., Jain, N., Mehra, I., Anand, S., Reddy, S., Sharma, N., Sidhu, G. S., Panagopoulos, A., Pattan, V., Kashyap, R., & Bansal, V.
Affiliations
  • Allegheny General Hospital (US)
  • Rajarshee Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj Government Medical College and CPR Hospital Kolhapur (IN)
  • Mayo Clinic (US)
  • Dow University of Health Sciences (PK)
  • Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
  • Marshfield Clinic (US)
  • Gandhi Medical College & Hospital (IN)
  • University of Nebraska Medical Center (US)
  • SUNY Upstate Medical University (US)
Corresponding author
Bansal, Vikas
ORCID
Venue
Frontiers in Endocrinology
Publisher
Frontiers Media SA
Published
2022-06-03
Volume
13
Pages
780872-780872
ISSN
1664-2392 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3389/fendo.2022.780872
PMC
PMC9205425
OpenAlex
W4281717400
Cited by
193
References
12
Citations by year
2026: 21 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 61 · 2023: 62 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 3
FWCI
6.81
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Frontiers in Endocrinology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Greater South Information System
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
Keywords
obesity, COVID-19 pandemic, disease severity, mortality, intensive care unit admission, invasive mechanical ventilation, comorbidities, body mass index, prognostic factors, hospitalized patients, risk factors for poor outcome, sex differences, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, lung disease, old age, body composition, body fat percentage, body water percentage, body protein percentage
MeSH terms
COVID-19, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Obesity, Respiration, Artificial, Pandemics

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