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Cited by 24Wildlife Ecology and ConservationSpecies Distribution and Climate ChangeWildlife-Road Interactions and Conservation

Ecological factors determining barking deer distribution and habitat use in the mid-hills of Nepal

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Neupane, Bijaya, Dhami, Bijaya, Bista, Shreyashi, Sadadev, Bipana Maiya, Regmi, Siddhartha, Shrestha, Sami, Shrestha, Bikram, Traxmandlová, Iva +2 more·2022·Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
DOI 10.3389/fevo.2022.894369
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Abstract

Barking deer is found in dense tropical and subtropical forests of Asia. It is listed as “least concerned” by the International Union of Conservation of Nature and as “vulnerable” in Nepal, where it is also protected. Due to the habitat loss and fragmentation by human activities, barking deer abundance is decreasing, which may even ultimately lead to its extinction. This in turn might negatively affect local ecosystem such as the abundance of the endangered common leopard, for which barking deer is the main prey species in the mid-hills of Nepal. We therefore need to know factors affecting barking deer abundance and its habitat preferences. To determine these factors, we recorded barking deer either by direct sighting or by any evidence of its indirect presence observed through transect surveys in January and February, 2019. To analyze habitat preference, the presence of barking deer was set to 1 if the barking deer or any sign of its presence were observed “used plots,” or to 0 if the barking deer or any sign of its presence were not observed (“habitat availability plot”). We measured main four ecological drivers such as forest management regime, microclimate, disturbance and food resources, which include 11 habitat characteristics in spots where barking deer was present, and in randomly selected spots. We found that elevation, slope, distance from settlement, presence of tree species, depth of leaf litter and percentage cover of leaf litter were most significantly affecting its presence. These results can serve as guidelines for local authorities to prevent decline in abundance of barking deer.

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Crossref · 10.3389/fevo.2022.894369

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  • Most research on the interaction between large mammals and leaf litter stems from temperate regions.

    “Most research on the interaction between large mammals and leaf litter stems from temperate regions (i.e., Dhami et al., 2023; Neupane et al., 2022).”

    From Fine-scale habitat requirements of the pygmy hippopotamus (Choeropsis liberiensis): Implications for rainforest conservation in West Africa (2026) · cites this paper as Neupane et al., 2022

    The Microclimate Factors section discusses barking deer and leaf litter in Nepal and cites studies of other ungulates, but it does not assess where most research on large mammals and leaf litter has been conducted. Searches for temperate-region research and comparable geographic terms found no passage establishing the claimed predominance. (LLM, conf=0.74)

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Cites

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Research works printed but not linked: 8

  1. Gurung, K. K., and Singh, R. (1996). Field Guide to the Mammals of the Indian subcontinent. Indian Experience. Oxford: Academic Press.
  2. Gurung, M. K. (1993). An Assessment of the Habitat Model to Predict Distribution and Habitat Pattern of Large Mammals in the Annapurna Area, Ph.D thesis, Kirtipur: Tribhuvan University.
  3. e01338 · DOI
  4. Rafinesque. (1968). Artiodactyla; Cervidae; Genus: Muntiacus. In: EP Walker, 1968, Mammals of the World (II edition). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press.
  5. Sathyakumar, S. (1994). Habitat ecology of major ungulates in Kedarnath Musk Deer Sanctuary, Western Himalaya, Ph.D thesis, Rajkot: Saurashtra University.
  6. Shackleton, D. M. (1997). "Why Caprinae?, " in Wild Sheep and their Relatives: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan for Caprinae, ed. D. M. Shackleton (Cambridge, UK: IUCN Gland), 5-7.
  7. Shrestha, B. (2005). Distribution and Diversity of Mammals with Reference to Disturbance in Shivapuri National Park, Ph.D thesis, Kirtipur: Central Department of Zoology, Tribhuvan University.
  8. Shrestha, P. M. (2015). Diet Composition of Leopard (Panthera pardus Linnaeus, 1758) in Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park, Nepal, Ph.D thesis, Kirtipur: Central Department of Zoology, Tribhuvan University.

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Authors
Neupane, B., Dhami, B., Bista, S., Sadadev, B. M., Regmi, S., Shrestha, S., Shrestha, B., Traxmandlová, I., Varachova, S., & Kindlmann, P.
Affiliations
  • University of Helsinki (FI)
  • Tribhuvan University (NP)
  • Czech Academy of Sciences (CZ)
Corresponding author
Shrestha, Bikram
ORCID
Venue
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
Publisher
Frontiers Media SA
Published
2022-06-09
Volume
10
ISSN
2296-701X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3389/fevo.2022.894369
OpenAlex
W4281632020
Cited by
24
References
54
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 1
FWCI
2.53
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Digital Library (University of West Bohemia) (submittedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
  • Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja (submittedVersion)
Funders
Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy (LM2018123)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecological Modeling › Species Distribution and Climate Change
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Wildlife-Road Interactions and Conservation
Keywords
Muntiacus muntjak, habitat use, habitat preference, species distribution, mid-hills of Nepal, forest management regimes, microclimate, human disturbance, food resources, leaf litter, altitude, slope, habitat fragmentation, wildlife conservation

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