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Circular RNA (circRNA) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD)
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GENERAL COMMENTARY article Front. Genet., 31 December 2013 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2013.00307
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![Figure 1 (A) Detection of circRNA for miRNA-7 (ciRS-7) in sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) and age-matched control hippocampal CA1 [control (C) N = 4; AD (A) N = 6]; the single upper ciRS-7 (~1400 nt) band contains ~70 selectively conserved miRNA-7 binding sites as previously described (Hansen et al., 2013); a lower 28S RNA served as an internal loading control; all samples depleted of rRNA were treated with 50 units of RNaseR prior to electrophoresis RNaseR is a processive, Mg++-dependent hydrolytic exoribonuclease that degrades linear but not circular RNA; see Hansen et al. (2013); predicted circular transcripts consistently resisted an RNaseR challenge; 30 ug total AD and control hippocampal CA1 RNA was separated on agarose gels, transferred and probed with biotinylated or radiolabeled miRNA-7 probes as previously described (Colangelo et al., 2002; Hansen et al., 2013); detection was performed using a nonisotopic BrightStar BioDetect Kit (Ambion, Austin, TX; detection limit ~100 fg) or by standard autoradiography (Lukiw et al., 1992); (B) AD ciRS-7 is significantly reduced to about 0.18-fold of control (con) in a study of 20 control and AD (AD) hippocampal CA1 samples; this implicates loss of miRNA-7 sponge effects, an ambient up-regulation of miRNA-7 (as is observed), and down-regulation of a family of miRNA-7-sensitive mRNAs in the sporadic AD brain; other circRNAs may be involved; there were no significant differences between age for control or AD tissues [mean ± 1 standard deviation (SD) = 75.4 ± 8.3 year vs. 77.5 ± 7.6 year]; all AD cases were for moderate-to-advanced stages of AD; all post-mortem intervals were 2.1 h or less (Colangelo et al., 2002); there were no significant differences in age, ApoE allele status, RNA quality (all RIN values were 8.1–9.0) or yield between the control or AD groups (p > 0.05, ANOVA); a dashed horizontal line at 1.0 indicates homeostatic (control) ciRS-7 levels for ease of comparison; *p < 0.001 (ANOVA).](/paper-figures/a4706fbfe0d3497e8b376957eb291493/circular-rna-circrna-in-alzheimers-disease-ad-figure-1.jpg)
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“In addition, dysregulation of ciRS-7 has been found in zebrafish with an impaired midbrain [71] and in the hippocampus of AD patients [45].”
From Circular RNAs in depression: Biogenesis, function, expression, and therapeutic potential (2021) · cites this paper as [45]
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Cites
Circular RNAs are a large class of animal RNAs with regulatory potency
Memczak, S., Jens, M., Elefsinioti, A., Torti, F., Krueger, J., Rybak, A., Maier, L., Mackowiak, S. D., Gregersen, L. H., Munschauer, M., et al. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11928 · Cited by 7,990 · cited 1×
“Intrinsically resistant to exonucleolytic RNA decay, circRNAs appear to be enriched in mammalian brain tissues (Hansen et al., 2013; Memczak et al., 2013).”
BackgroundNatural RNA circles function as efficient microRNA sponges
Hansen, T. B., Jensen, T. I., Clausen, B. H., Bramsen, J. B., Finsen, B., Damgaard, C. K., & Kjems, J. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11993 · Cited by 7,985
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“Recently characterized, traditional methods of RNA detection and analysis requiring a free 5′ or 3′ ribonucleotide terminus may have significantly underestimated circRNA abundance and significance in eukaryotic cells (Salzman et al., 2012; Wilusz and Sharp, 2013; unpublished observations).”
Cogswell, J. P., Ward, J., Taylor, I. A., Waters, M., Shi, Y., Cannon, B., Kelnar, K., Kemppainen, J., Brown, D., Chen, C., et al. (2008) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2008-14103 · Cited by 943 · cited 1×
“…or AD groups (p > 0.05, ANOVA); a dashed horizontal line at 1.0 indicates homeostatic (control) ciRS-7 levels for ease of comparison; ∗p < 0.001 (ANOVA). contribute to the down-regulation of selective miRNA-7-sensitive messenger RNA (mRNA) targets (Cogswell et al., 2008; unpublished observations).”
BackgroundInfluentialA Circuitous Route to Noncoding RNA
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“Recently characterized, traditional methods of RNA detection and analysis requiring a free 5′ or 3′ ribonucleotide terminus may have significantly underestimated circRNA abundance and significance in eukaryotic cells (Salzman et al., 2012; Wilusz and Sharp, 2013; unpublished observations).”
Colangelo, V., Schurr, J., Ball, M. J., Pelaez, R. P., Bazan, N. G., & Lukiw, W. J. (2002) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.10351 · Cited by 517
A Gene Expression Profile of Alzheimer's Disease
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“…systems” and ambient up-regulation of specific inducible miRNAs may help explain the widely observed, generalized and progressive down-regulation of gene expression that is characteristic of the sporadic AD brain (Loring et al., 2001; Colangelo et al., 2002; Ginsberg et al., 2012; Lukiw, 2013).”
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“, 2013); detection was performed using a nonisotopic BrightStar BioDetect Kit (Ambion, Austin, TX; detection limit ∼100 fg) or by standard autoradiography (Lukiw et al., 1992); (B) AD ciRS-7 is significantly reduced to about 0.”
MethodInfluentialMicroRNA in schizophrenia: Genetic and expression analysis of miR-130b (22q11)
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“…but are also associated with a circRNA for miRNA-7 (ciRS-7), in the same tissues; ciRS-7 contains multiple, tandem anti-miRNA-7 sequences (Burmistrova et al., 2007; Hansen et al., 2013; Lukiw et al., 2013). ciRS-7 thereby acts as a kind of endogenous, competing, anti-complementary miRNA…”
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“…AD brain (Loring et al., 2001), Defects in ciRS-7 and “sponge activity”, Frontiers in Genetics frontiersin.org12 for example, may increase ambient miRNA-7 levels in ADaffected brain cells, ultimately leading to downregulation of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) that selectively bind miRNA-7 (Lukiw, 2013b).”
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“Brain-enriched CDR1as (ciRS7), acting as a miR-7 sponge due to the abundant binding sites for miRNAs, is downregulated in AD hippocampus [90, 91].”
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“Dysregulation of miR7-ciRS-7 interaction has been reported in the hippocampus of AD patients, where the expression of ciRS-7 is low and, therefore, the level of miR-7 is increased, with consequent down-regulation of miR-7 target mRNAs (Lukiw, 2013; Floris et al., 2017; Figure 3B).”
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“circRNAs have been proven to be potential biomarkers in many diseases, especially in cancer (Lukiw, 2013; Veno et al., 2015).”
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“The “microRNA sponge” hypothesis of circRNA function suggests they inactivate corresponding microRNAs, indirectly upregulating protein expression (Lukiw, 2013; Piwecka et al., 2017).”
BackgroundLi, Y., Wang, H., Chen, L., Wei, K., Liu, Y., Han, Y., & Xia, X. (2022) · Metabolic Brain Disease · doi:10.1007/s11011-022-01051-z · Cited by 26
“Such as ciRS-7 adsorbs miR-7 to regulate AD patients’ hippocampal CA1 region (Lukiw 2013).”
BackgroundThe novel roles of circular RNAs in metabolic organs
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Circular RNAs constitute an inherent gene regulatory axis in the mammalian eye and brain
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“2 September 2019 | Volume 10 | Article 832Frontiers in Genetics | www.frontiersin.org Researchers found that the circRNA ciRS-7 may be a promising target for neurodegenerative disorder (Lukiw, 2013) and myocardial infarction (Lin et al., 2018).”
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“…1 of 11 https://doi.org/10.1002/wrna.1633 can affect the decay, translation, and/or transcription of prominent mRNAs and thereby influence gene expression programs that govern health and disease (Haque & Harries, 2017; Lukiw, 2013; Vo et al., 2019; Zhou, Sun, Huang, & Zhao, 2019).”
BackgroundInfluentialResearch Progress on circRNA in Nervous System Diseases
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“While secondary and tertiary structures may also be conserved among multiple miRNAs, and internal stems, loops and mis-paired RNA ‘bulges’ very commonly appear at specifically conserved positions in many pre-miRNA sequences, the actual number of possible miRNA structural configurations may be somewhat limited by the s…”
BackgroundYavropoulou, M. P., Poulios, C., Michalopoulos, N., Gatzou, A., Chrisafi, S., Mantalovas, S., Papavramidis, T. S., Daskalaki, E., Sofou, E., Kotsa, K., et al. (2018) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells8010015 · Cited by 21
Comprehensive transcriptional profiling of porcine brain aging
Chen, J., Zou, Q., Lv, D., Raza, M. A., Wang, X., Li, P., Chen, Y., Xi, X., Wen, A., Zhu, L., et al. (2019) · Gene · doi:10.1016/j.gene.2019.01.019 · Cited by 21
Circular RNA expression alterations in colon tissues of Crohn's disease patients
Qiao, Y., Cai, C., Shen, J., Zheng, Q., & Ran, Z. H. (2019) · Molecular Medicine Reports · doi:10.3892/mmr.2019.10070 · Cited by 22
Li, Y., Jin, W., Zhai, B., Chen, Y., Li, G., Zhang, Y., Guo, Y., Sun, G., Han, R., Li, Z., et al. (2021) · BMC Genomics · doi:10.1186/s12864-020-07356-6 · Cited by 21
“Noncoding RNAs, including miRNAs [22], lncRNAs [23, 24], and circRNAs [25], play different roles in complex biological processes.”
BackgroundYao, J., Hu, L., Li, X., Shan, K. Y., Zhou, R., Ge, H., Yao, M.-D., Jiang, Q., Zhao, C., & Yan, B. (2018) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.044 · Cited by 20
Deng, W., Peng, W., Wang, T., Chen, J., Qiu, X., Fu, L., & Zhu, S. (2019) · Oncology Reports · doi:10.3892/or.2019.7369 · Cited by 20
Circular RNAs as potential theranostics in the cardiac fibrosis
Yousefi, F., & Soltani, B. M. (2020) · Heart Failure Reviews · doi:10.1007/s10741-019-09908-9 · Cited by 21
Chen, X., Zhou, R., Shan, K. Y., Sun, Y., Yan, B., Sun, X., & Wang, J. (2020) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2020.556712 · Cited by 19
“Owing to the ability of circRNAs to sequester microRNAs (miRNAs), especially in the nervous system, circRNAs have pivotal roles in the finetuning of posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression in neurological diseases (Lukiw, 2013).”
BackgroundRoles of Non-Coding RNAs as Novel Diagnostic Biomarkers in Parkinson’s Disease
Manna, I., Quattrone, A., Benedittis, S. D., Iaccino, E., & Quattrone, A. (2021) · Journal of Parkinson s Disease · doi:10.3233/jpd-212726 · Cited by 19
Yang, J., Hao, J., Lin, Y., Guo, Y., Liao, K., Yang, M., Cheng, H., Yang, M., & Chen, K. (2022) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2022.810974 · Cited by 19
“CircRNAs have been reported to be involved in the progression of many diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (Lukiw, 2013), cardiovascular diseases (Du et al., 2017a; Jiang et al., 2019), atherosclerosis (Burd et al., 2010), stroke (Peng et al., 2019; Li et al., 2021), and various cancers (Li et…”
BackgroundCircular RNAs in Organ Fibrosis
Yao, J., Dai, Q., Liu, Z., Zhou, L., & Xu, J. (2018) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-1426-1_21 · Cited by 19
Zhang, S., Ding, Y., He, J., Zhang, J., Liu, X., Chen, X., Yan, S., Wang, Y., & Gao, R. (2018) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.27675 · Cited by 19
“As a highlight of noncoding RNA areas, circRNAs have been reported to be involved in a series of pathological and physiological processes (Chen, Li, Tan, & Liu, 2016; Fan et al., 2017; Floris, Zhang, Follesa, & Sun, 2016; He, Xie, Xu, Li, & Li, 2017; Lukiw, 2013), especially in cancer (Wan et al.”
BackgroundZheng, L., Liu, L., Lin, L., Tang, H., Fan, X., Lin, H., & Li, X. (2019) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.01186 · Cited by 18
Cheng, X., Pan, T., Zheng, W., & Yan, X. (2020) · Cancer Medicine · doi:10.1002/cam4.3043 · Cited by 19
Ma, N., Tie, C., Yu, B., Zhang, W., & Wan, J. (2020) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.201903157r · Cited by 19
circUSP42 Is Downregulated in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer and Associated With Poor Prognosis
Yu, J., Shen, W., Xu, J., Gong, B., Gao, B., & Zhu, J. (2020) · Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment · doi:10.1177/1533033820950827 · Cited by 19
Circular RNAs in the Brain: A Possible Role in Memory?
Zajaczkowski, E. L., & Bredy, T. W. (2020) · The Neuroscientist · doi:10.1177/1073858420963028 · Cited by 19
Canonical and Interior Circular RNAs Function as Competing Endogenous RNAs in Psoriatic Skin
Liu, X., Frost, J., Bowcock, A. M., & Zhang, W. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22105182 · Cited by 19
Wang, C., Yang, Y., Xu, M., Mao, F., Yang, P., Shan, Y., Gao, R., & Gan, S. (2021) · Neural Plasticity · doi:10.1155/2021/9942537 · Cited by 19
Noncoding RNAs in Cancer Diagnosis
Zeng, M. (2016) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-1498-7_15 · Cited by 18
Liu, Y., Hu, C., Sun, Y., Wu, H.-Q., Chen, X., & Liu, Q. (2019) · Pathogens and Disease · doi:10.1093/femspd/ftz062 · Cited by 18
“Recently, increasing numbers of studies have indicated that circRNAs are related to numerous diseases, including breast cancer (Lü et al. 2017), hepatocellular carcinoma (Chen et al. 2018), colorectal cancer (Guo et al. 2016), gastric cancer (Chen et al. 2017) and Alzheimer’s disease (Lukiw 2013).”
BackgroundChen, L., Sun, Y., Tang, M. M., Wu, D., Xiang, Z., Huang, C., You, B., Xie, D., Ye, Q., Yu, D., et al. (2022) · Cell Death Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41420-022-00898-6 · Cited by 19
“Early studies demonstrated that a circRNA can function as an endogenous, competing miRNA “sponge” to absorb and degrade miRNAs, thus affect disease progression [48].”
BackgroundMeng, F., Chen, Q., Gu, S., Cui, R., Ma, Q., Cao, R.-H., & Zhao, M. F. (2022) · Renal Failure · doi:10.1080/0886022x.2022.2032746 · Cited by 18
Circular RNAs: Promising Treatment Targets and Biomarkers of Ischemic Stroke
Xu, G., Liu, G., Wang, Z., Li, Y., & Fang, W. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25010178 · Cited by 18
“The above reminds us to focus on the question of whether circRNAs could be used as highly specific markers for ischemic stroke (Figure 2).”
BackgroundXie, F., Zhao, Y. F., Wang, S., Ma, J., Wang, X., & Qian, L. (2018) · Journal of Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1002/jcb.27614 · Cited by 18
Zhang, Y., Song, J. T., Shen, L., & Shao, J. (2019) · Biotechnic & Histochemistry · doi:10.1080/10520295.2019.1622782 · Cited by 18
Zhang, R., Li, Y., Liu, Q., Gao, Y., Du, J., Ma, J., Sun, S.-G., & Wang, L. (2019) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2019.00196 · Cited by 19
“Additionally, the specific expression of circRNAs and their stability indicate their potential as molecular diagnostic biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases, such as CDR1 in AD (Lukiw, 2013).”
BackgroundFan, L., An, G., Wang, S., Chen, X., Liu, Y., Liu, Z., Ma, Q., & Wang, J. (2019) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.01112 · Cited by 18
“Expressions of them were upregulated during HA (Maloyan et al., 1999; Arieli et al., 2003; Horowitz and Assadi, 2010).”
CircRNA expression profiles in human dental pulp stromal cells undergoing oxidative stress
Zhang, J., Li, D., Wang, D., Man, K., & Yang, X. (2019) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-019-2078-x · Cited by 18
“Research has demonstrated that ciRS-7, a circular miR-7 inhibitor, comprises > 60 popular miR-7 binding sites [14], a number substantially higher than reported for any known linear sponge.”
BackgroundDexmedetomidine alleviates postoperative cognitive dysfunction through circular RNA in aged rats
Cao, C., Deng, F., & Hu, Y. (2020) · 3 Biotech · doi:10.1007/s13205-020-2163-0 · Cited by 18
“Additionally, circRNA is less abundant in sporadic Alzheimer’s disease CA1 hippocampal regions relative to age-matched controls (Lukiw 2013).”
BackgroundInfluentialHuang, X., Zhang, J., Liu, Z., Wang, M., Fan, X., Wang, L., Zhou, H., Jiang, Y., Cui, W., Qiao, X., et al. (2020) · BMC Genomics · doi:10.1186/s12864-020-07129-1 · Cited by 18
Zeng, W., Guo, M., Lin, Y., & Zhang, D. (2021) · Bioengineered · doi:10.1080/21655979.2021.1953214 · Cited by 18
Li, X., Ge, H., Yao, J., Zhou, Y., Yao, M., Liu, C., Hu, H., Zhu, Y., Shan, K. Y., Yan, B., et al. (2018) · Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1159/000490982 · Cited by 18
Metadata
- Authors
- Lukiw, W. J.
- Affiliations
- Louisiana State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lukiw, Walter J.
- ORCID
- Lukiw, Walter J.
- Venue
- Frontiers in Genetics
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2013
- Volume
- 4
- Pages
- 307-307
- ISSN
- 1664-8021 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3875874
- OpenAlex
- W2095799789
- Cited by
- 636
- References
- 14
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 57 · 2021: 85 · 2020: 103 · 2019: 88 · 2018: 89 · 2017: 66 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 6
- FWCI
- 7.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Frontiers in Genetics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Instytut Medycyny Doswiadczalnej i Klinicznej im. M. Mossakowskiego, Polskiej Akademii Nauk
- National Institute on Aging (AG038834, NIA AG038834, R01AG038834)
- National Eye Institute (NEI-EY-006311, R01EY006311, EY-006311)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Circular RNAs in diseases
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Keywords
- circular RNA, Alzheimer's disease, non-coding RNA, RNA circularization
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