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Pharmacological Inhibitors of the NLRP3 Inflammasome
Open accessAbstract
Inflammasomes play a crucial role in innate immunity by serving as signaling platforms which deal with a plethora of pathogenic products and cellular products associated with stress and damage. By far, the best studied and most characterized inflammasome is NLRP3 inflammasome, which consists of NLRP3 (nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat (NLR) and pyrin domain containing receptor 3), ASC (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain), and procaspase-1. Activation of NLRP3 inflammasome is mediated by highly diverse stimuli. Upon activation, NLRP3 protein recruits the adapter ASC protein, which recruits the procaspase-1 resulting in its cleavage and activation, inducing the maturation and secretion of inflammatory cytokines and pyroptosis. However, aberrant activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is implicated in various diseases including diabetes, atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases; raising a tremendous clinical interest in exploring the potential inhibitors of NLRP3 inflammasome. Recent investigations have disclosed various inhibitors of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway which were validated through in vitro studies and in vivo experiments in animal models of NLRP3-associated disorders. Some of these inhibitors directly target the NLRP3 protein whereas some are aimed at other components and products of the inflammasome. Direct targeting of NLRP3 protein can be a better choice because it can prevent off target immunosuppressive effects, thus restrain tissue destruction. This paper will review the various pharmacological inhibitors of the NLRP3 inflammasome and will also discuss their mechanism of action.
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“the NLRP3 inflammasome is a key regulator of SASP induction, widely involved in disease and for which drug development is active (Zahid et al. 2019).”
From Senescence and the SASP: many therapeutic avenues (2020) · cites this paper as Zahid et al. 2019
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Metadata
- Authors
- Zahid, A., Li, B., Kombe, A. J. K., Jin, T., & Tao, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Science and Technology of China (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Jin, Tengchuan
- Venue
- Frontiers in Immunology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2019-10-25
- Volume
- 10
- Pages
- 2538-2538
- ISSN
- 1664-3224 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6842943
- OpenAlex
- W2982061867
- Cited by
- 671
- References
- 123
- Citations by year
- 2026: 49 · 2025: 94 · 2024: 107 · 2023: 101 · 2022: 129 · 2021: 122 · 2020: 69
- FWCI
- 7.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Immunology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (201904a07020103, 81771774)
- Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province (1708085MH191)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Inflammasome and immune disorders
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Autoimmune and Inflammatory Disorders Research
- Keywords
- NLRP3 inflammasome, inflammasome inhibitors, NLRP3, ASC, pyroptosis, inflammatory cytokines, innate immunity, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular disease, mechanism of action
- MeSH terms
- NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein, Animals, Dipeptides, Glyburide, Humans, Nitriles, Sulfones, Inflammasomes, para-Aminobenzoates, ortho-Aminobenzoates
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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