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Current Challenges in Vaccinology
Open accessAbstract
The development of vaccines, which prime the immune system to respond to future infections, has led to global declines in morbidity and mortality from dreadful infectious communicable diseases. However, many pathogens of public health importance are highly complex and/or rapidly evolving, posing unique challenges to vaccine development. Several of these challenges include an incomplete understanding of how immunity develops, host and pathogen genetic variability, and an increased societal skepticism regarding vaccine safety. In particular, new high-dimensional omics technologies, aided by bioinformatics, are driving new vaccine development (vaccinomics). Informed by recent insights into pathogen biology, host genetic diversity, and immunology, the increasing use of genomic approaches is leading to new models and understanding of host immune system responses that may provide solutions in the rapid development of novel vaccine candidates.
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“Despite their evident success, however, conventional vaccines do not effectively tackle pathogens such as the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which evade immune surveillance2.”
From mRNA vaccines for infectious diseases: principles, delivery and clinical translation (2021) · cites this paper as [2]
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Metabolomics at the Interface of Personalized Cancer Vaccination and Immune Responsiveness
Rahman, M., Rifty, S. H., Mrittika, T. R., Zaman, J., & Khan, T. A. (2026) · Biomarker Insights · doi:10.1177/11772719261497428
Metadata
- Authors
- Kennedy, R. B., Ovsyannikova, I. G., Palese, P., & Poland, G. A.
- Affiliations
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kennedy, Richard B.
- Venue
- Frontiers in Immunology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2020-06-25
- Volume
- 11
- Pages
- 1181-1181
- ISSN
- 1664-3224 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7329983
- OpenAlex
- W3033639218
- Cited by
- 113
- References
- 222
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 1.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Immunology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (R01AI033144, R01AI121054, R01AI127365, R01AI132348, R01AI138965, R37AI048793, U01AI089859)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune responses and vaccinations
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Keywords
- vaccine development, vaccinomics, host genetic variation, host immune response, omics technologies, bioinformatics, infectious disease prevention, emerging pathogens
- MeSH terms
- Vaccinology, Animals, Communicable Disease Control, Humans, Vaccines, Computational Biology
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