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Cited by 484Cancer Immunotherapy and BiomarkersImmunotherapy and Immune ResponsesT-cell and B-cell Immunology

Cancer immunotherapies: advances and bottlenecks

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Rui, Rui, Zhou, Liqun, He, Shiming·2023·Frontiers in Immunology
DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1212476PMC PMC10484345
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Abstract

Immunotherapy has ushered in a new era in cancer treatment, and cancer immunotherapy continues to be rejuvenated. The clinical goal of cancer immunotherapy is to prime host immune system to provide passive or active immunity against malignant tumors. Tumor infiltrating leukocytes (TILs) play an immunomodulatory role in tumor microenvironment (TME) which is closely related to immune escape of tumor cells, thus influence tumor progress. Several cancer immunotherapies, include immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), cancer vaccine, adoptive cell transfer (ACT), have shown great efficacy and promise. In this review, we will summarize the recent research advances in tumor immunotherapy, including the molecular mechanisms and clinical effects as well as limitations of immunotherapy.

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Crossref · 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1212476

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  • MGF influences various immune cell populations, including macrophages, neutrophils, splenocytes and natural killer cells, which are critical components of the tumor microenvironment.

    “It influences various immune cell populations, including macrophages, neutrophils, splenocytes and natural killer (NK) cells, which are critical components of the tumor microenvironment (78).”

    From Mangiferin in human disease: Multifaceted mechanisms and applications (Review) (2026) · cites this paper as [78]

    The CAR-macrophage section describes macrophages as major immune regulators in the tumor microenvironment, and the paper discusses NK cells in cancer immunotherapy. It does not say that MGF influences macrophages, neutrophils, splenocytes, or NK cells; searches for MGF and mangiferin found no such passage. No page number is available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.82)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • MGF enhances phase II detoxifying enzymes, including GSH S-transferase, quinone reductase and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, while reducing lipid peroxidation in lung cancer models.

    “Additionally, MGF enhances phase II detoxifying enzymes, including GSH S-transferase, quinone reductase and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, while reducing lipid peroxidation in lung cancer models (77,78).”

    From Mangiferin in human disease: Multifaceted mechanisms and applications (Review) (2026) · cites this paper as [78]

    The Cancer cell vaccines and LAG-3 sections discuss immunotherapy mechanisms and studies, not MGF’s effects on detoxifying enzymes or lipid peroxidation. Searches for MGF, mangiferin, the named enzymes, and lipid peroxidation found no passage addressing the claim in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.76)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • MGF modulates host immune responses, enhancing antitumor immunity.

    “In addition to its direct cytotoxicity, MGF modulates host immune responses, enhancing antitumor immunity.”

    From Mangiferin in human disease: Multifaceted mechanisms and applications (Review) (2026) · cites this paper as [78]

    The Cancer cell vaccines section describes immune modulation and antitumor immunity from GM-CSF-expressing tumor-cell vaccines, not MGF. Searches for “MGF” and its claimed immune effect found no passage in our copy addressing MGF, so the vaccine finding cannot verify this claim. (LLM, conf=0.76)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Rui, R., Zhou, L., & He, S.
Affiliations
Peking University (CN)
Corresponding author
  • Zhou, Liqun
  • He, Shiming
ORCID
Venue
Frontiers in Immunology
Publisher
Frontiers Media SA
Published
2023-08-24
Volume
14
Pages
1212476-1212476
ISSN
1664-3224 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3389/fimmu.2023.1212476
PMC
PMC10484345
OpenAlex
W4386127543
Cited by
484
References
14
Citations by year
2026: 150 · 2025: 229 · 2024: 103 · 2023: 2
FWCI
15.69
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Frontiers in Immunology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Greater South Information System
Funders
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (81972380, 82173216, 81972379, 81872083)
  • Peking University
  • Capital Health Research and Development of Special Fund (2022-1-4072)
  • Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
Keywords
cancer immunotherapy, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, tumor microenvironment, tumor immune evasion, immune checkpoint inhibitors, cancer vaccines, adoptive cell transfer
MeSH terms
Immunity, Active, Immunotherapy, Neoplasms, Immunotherapy, Adoptive, Adoptive Transfer, Immunomodulation

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