Unmet medical needs in chronic, non-communicable inflammatory skin diseases
Open accessAbstract
An estimated 20-25% of the population is affected by chronic, non-communicable inflammatory skin diseases. Chronic skin inflammation has many causes. Among the most frequent chronic inflammatory skin diseases are atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, urticaria, lichen planus, and hidradenitis suppurativa, driven by a complex interplay of genetics and environmental factors. Autoimmunity is another important cause of chronic skin inflammation. The autoimmune response may be mainly T cell driven, such as in alopecia areata or vitiligo, or B cell driven in chronic spontaneous urticaria, pemphigus and pemphigoid diseases. Rare causes of chronic skin inflammation are autoinflammatory diseases, or rheumatic diseases, such as cutaneous lupus erythematosus or dermatomyositis. Whilst we have seen a significant improvement in diagnosis and treatment, several challenges remain. Especially for rarer causes of chronic skin inflammation, early diagnosis is often missed because of low awareness and lack of diagnostics. Systemic immunosuppression is the treatment of choice for almost all of these diseases. Adverse events due to immunosuppression, insufficient therapeutic responses and relapses remain a challenge. For atopic dermatitis and psoriasis, a broad spectrum of innovative treatments has been developed. However, treatment responses cannot be predicted so far. Hence, development of (bio)markers allowing selection of specific medications for individual patients is needed. Given the encouraging developments during the past years, we envision that many of these challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic inflammatory skin diseases will be thoroughly addressed in the future.
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Autoantibody Profile Differentiates between Inflammatory and Noninflammatory Bullous Pemphigoid
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Neutrophilic Urticarial Dermatosis
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The Interleukin-23/Interleukin-17 Axis Links Adaptive and Innate Immunity in Psoriasis
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“Communication between these immune cells is mediated by various cytokines including TNFα, IL-17, and IL-23 which have become targets of multiple biologic therapies (64, 65).”
BackgroundGuidelines for the management of alopecia areata
Hull, S. P. M., Wood, M. L., Hutchinson, P. E., Sladden, M. J., & Messenger, A. G. (2003) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05535.x · Cited by 224 · see citing works
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Anti-epiligrin cicatricial pemphigoid and relative risk for cancer
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Delayed Diagnosis of Hidradenitis Suppurativa and Its Effect on Patients and Healthcare System
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“the diagnostic criteria are very clear (120).”
BackgroundInfluentialDupilumab as a novel therapy for bullous pemphigoid: A multicenter case series
Abdat, R., Waldman, R. A., Bedout, V. D., Czernik, A., McLeod, M. P., King, B., Gordon, S. C., Ahmed, R., Nichols, A. J., Rothe, M. J., et al. (2020) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2020.01.089 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
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Early Mortality in a Multinational Systemic Sclerosis Inception Cohort
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New treatments in atopic dermatitis
Puar, N. K., Chovatiya, R., & Paller, A. S. (2020) · Annals of Allergy Asthma & Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.anai.2020.08.016 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Increased Suicide Risk in Patients with Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Thorlacius, L., Cohen, A. D., Gislason, G., Jemec, G. B. E., & Egeberg, A. (2017) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jid.2017.09.008 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
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Treatment of cutaneous lupus erythematosus with acitretin and hydroxychloroquine
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Understanding human mast cells: lesson from therapies for allergic and non-allergic diseases
Kolkhir, P., Komi, D. E. A., Metz, M., Siebenhaar, F., & Maurer, M. (2021) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-021-00622-y · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Adaptive and Innate Immunity in Psoriasis and Other Inflammatory Disorders
Schön, M. P. (2019) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.01764 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Psychiatric comorbidities in 3207 patients with hidradenitis suppurativa
Shavit, E., Dreiher, J., Freud, T., Halevy, S., Vinker, S., & Cohen, A. D. (2014) · Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology · doi:10.1111/jdv.12567 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
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Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation for Advanced Systemic Mastocytosis
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Aetiology and pathogenesis of hidradenitis suppurativa
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“This limitation is basically due to our limited understanding of the molecular and immunological processes underling the formation and persistence of skin alterations in HS (138).”
BackgroundTreatment of vitiligo with the topical Janus kinase inhibitor ruxolitinib
Rothstein, B. E., Joshipura, D., Saraiya, A. R., Abdat, R., Ashkar, H., Turkowski, Y., Sheth, V. M., Huang, V., Au, S. C., Kachuk, C., et al. (2017) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2017.02.049 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Jabbari, A., Sansaricq, F., Cerise, J. E., Chen, J. C., Bitterman, A., Ulerio, G., Borbon, J., Clynes, R., Christiano, A. M., & Mackay-Wiggan, J. M. (2018) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jid.2018.01.032 · Cited by 188 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Blockade of JAK1/3 and JAK 1/2 by the oral selective inhibitors, tofacitinib, and ruxolitinib, respectively, was shown to be effective in inducing regrowth of hair in AAP and AT/AU patients with active and chronic disease (159, 160).”
BackgroundEthnic differences and comorbidities of 909 prurigo nodularis patients
Boozalis, E., Tang, O., Patel, S. P., Semenov, Y. R., Pereira, M. P., Ständer, S., Kang, S., & Kwatra, S. G. (2018) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2018.04.047 · Cited by 188 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Among the comorbidities, for example atopic predisposition, atopic dermatitis, bullous pemphigoid, lichen planus, chronic kidney disease, hepatobiliary diseases, diabetes mellitus, chronic iron deficiency, HIV, and solid tumors have been reported to be causally related to PN (90).”
BackgroundPrevalence and Age Distribution of Pemphigus and Pemphigoid Diseases in Germany
Hübner, F., Recke, A., Zillikens, D., Linder, R., & Schmidt, E. (2016) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jid.2016.07.013 · Cited by 186 · cited 2× · see citing works
“pemphigoid Orphan Higher among females None NA (23)”
BackgroundZamanian, R. T., Badesch, D. B., Chung, L. S., Domsic, R. T., Medsger, T. A., Pinckney, A., Keyes-Elstein, L., D’Aveta, C., Spychala, M. E., White, R. J., et al. (2021) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.202009-3481oc · Cited by 185 · see citing works
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Immune response patterns in non‐communicable inflammatory skin diseases
Eyerich, K., & Eyerich, S. (2017) · Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology · doi:10.1111/jdv.14673 · Cited by 182 · cited 1× · see citing works
“With the emerge of multidimensional datasets, it has been proposed to classify inflammatory skin diseases based on molecular patterns (5).”
BackgroundQuality of life in cutaneous lupus erythematosus
Klein, R. S., Moghadam‐Kia, S., Taylor, L., Coley, C., Okawa, J., LoMonico, J., Chren, M., & Werth, V. P. (2011) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2010.02.008 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
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Passive transfer of anti-laminin 5 antibodies induces subepidermal blisters in neonatal mice.
Lazarova, Z., Yee, C. S. K., Darling, T. N., Briggaman, R. A., & Yancey, K. B. (1996) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci118942 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
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Systemic pharmacological treatments for chronic plaque psoriasis: a network meta-analysis
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Association of Bullous Pemphigoid With Dipeptidyl-Peptidase 4 Inhibitors in Patients With Diabetes
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Antigen-specific B cell depletion for precision therapy of mucosal pemphigus vulgaris
Lee, J., Lundgren, D. K., Mao, X., Vieira, S. M., Nuñez-Cruz, S., Williams, E. F., Assenmacher, C., Radaelli, E., Oh, S., Wang, B., et al. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci138416 · Cited by 164 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Alopecia Areata Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune skin disease that affects ∼2% of the worldwide population (19).”
BackgroundInterstitial lung disease in polymyositis and dermatomyositis
Fathi, M., & Lundberg, I. E. (2005) · Current Opinion in Rheumatology · doi:10.1097/01.bor.0000179949.65895.53 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
New and Emerging Systemic Treatments for Atopic Dermatitis
Newsom, M. R., Bashyam, A. M., Balogh, E. A., Feldman, S. R., & Strowd, L. C. (2020) · Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40265-020-01335-7 · Cited by 154 · cited 1× · see citing works
“There are many exciting new mechanisms of action in development (or very recently approved) to treat atopic dermatitis including aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists, commensal bacteria, JAK inhibitors (JAKi), and new biologics that target IL-13, IL-31, IL-33, and OX-40 (59, 60).”
BackgroundSitaru, C., Dähnrich, C., Probst, C., Komorowski, L., Blöcker, I.-M., Schmidt, E., Schlumberger, W., Rosé, C., STÖCKER, W., & Zillikens, D. (2007) · Experimental Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0625.2007.00592.x · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Oldroyd, A. G. S., Allard, A., Callen, J. P., Chinoy, H., Chung, L. S., Fiorentino, D. F., George, M., Gordon, P., Kolstad, K., Kurtzman, D. J. B., et al. (2021) · Lara D. Veeken · doi:10.1093/rheumatology/keab166 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
van der Zee, H. H., van der Woude, C. J., Florencia, E. F., & Prens, E. P. (2009) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09430.x · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Placebo-controlled oral pulse prednisolone therapy in alopecia areata
Kar, B. R., Handa, S., Dogra, S., & Kumar, B. (2005) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2004.10.873 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Comorbidities in vitiligo: comprehensive review
Dahir, A. M., & Thomsen, S. F. (2018) · International Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/ijd.14055 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Cutaneous Manifestations of Dermatomyositis: a Comprehensive Review
Mainetti, C., Beretta‐Piccoli, B. T., & Selmi, C. F. (2017) · Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology · doi:10.1007/s12016-017-8652-1 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Efficacy of topical sensitizers in the treatment of alopecia areata
Rokhsar, C. K., Shupack, J. L., Vafai, J. J., & Washenik, K. (1998) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/s0190-9622(98)70048-9 · Cited by 142 · cited 1× · see citing works
“In this line of therapy, potent contact allergens such as 1chloro, 2, 4, dinitrobenzene (DNCB), diphenylcyclopropenone (DPCP), or squaric acid dibutyl ester (SADBE) are applied weekly onto the lesion to induce mild contact dermatitis, which via yet incompletely understood molecular mechanism, results in regrowth of ha…”
BackgroundEpidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita: The 2019 Update
Koga, H., Prost‐Squarcioni, C., Iwata, H., Jonkman, M. F., Ludwig, R. J., & Bieber, K. (2019) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2018.00362 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Boch, K., Langan, E. A., Kridin, K., Zillikens, D., Ludwig, R. J., & Bieber, K. (2021) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.737813 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Papa, R., & Lachmann, H. (2018) · Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.rdc.2018.06.004 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Sánchez‐Borges, M., Ansotegui, I. J., Baiardini, I., Bernstein, J., Canonica, G. W., Ebisawa, M., Gómez, M. R., Díaz, S. N. G., Martin, B. L., Morais‐Almeida, M., et al. (2021) · World Allergy Organization Journal · doi:10.1016/j.waojou.2021.100533 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Diagnosis of Autoimmune Blistering Diseases
Witte, M., Zillikens, D., & Schmidt, E. (2018) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2018.00296 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Kridin, K., & Schmidt, E. (2021) · JID Innovations · doi:10.1016/j.xjidi.2021.100004 · Cited by 135 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Overall, pemphigus is associated with significant morbidity and mortality (22, 189).”
BackgroundTofacitinib Citrate for Refractory Cutaneous Dermatomyositis
Kurtzman, D. J. B., Wright, N. A., Lin, J., Femia, A. N., Merola, J. F., Patel, M., & Vleugels, R. A. (2016) · JAMA Dermatology · doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2016.0866 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Lichen Planus Pemphigoides: From Lichenoid Inflammation to Autoantibody-Mediated Blistering
Hübner, F., Langan, E. A., & Recke, A. (2019) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.01389 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Pelle, M. T., & Callen, J. P. (2002) · Archives of Dermatology · doi:10.1001/archderm.138.9.1231 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
A CASE OF COLD URTICARIA WITH AN UNUSUAL FAMILY HISTORY
Kile, R. L., & Rusk, H. A. (1940) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1940.62810120003010b · Cited by 130 · see citing works
IFSI-guideline on chronic prurigo including prurigo nodularis
Ständer, S., Pereira, M. P., Berger, T. G., Zeidler, C., Augustin, M., Bobko, S., Brenaut, E., Chen, S. C., Chisolm, S., Dalgard, F. J., et al. (2020) · Itch · doi:10.1097/itx.0000000000000042 · Cited by 122 · cited 2× · see citing works
“The first international guideline on diagnostic and therapy of PN recommends a laddered approach to treat PN (98).”
BackgroundPULSED ADMINISTRATION OF CORTICOSTEROIDS IN THE TREATMENT OF ALOPECIA AREATA
Sharma, V. (1996) · International Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-4362.1996.tb03281.x · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Humoral Epitope Spreading in Autoimmune Bullous Diseases
Didona, D., & Zenzo, G. D. (2018) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.00779 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Callen, J. P. (1991) · Archives of Dermatology · doi:10.1001/archderm.127.4.515 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Karnell, J. L., Wu, Y., Mittereder, N., Smith, M. A., Gunsior, M., Yan, L., Casey, K. A., Hénault, J., Riggs, J. M., Nicholson, S. M., et al. (2021) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.abf8442 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
King, B., Ko, J., Forman, S. B., Ohyama, M., Mesinkovska, N. A., Yu, G., McCollam, J. S., Gamalo, M., Janes, J., Edson‐Heredia, E., et al. (2021) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2021.05.050 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Du, G., Patzelt, S., van Beek, N., & Schmidt, E. (2022) · Autoimmunity Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2022.103036 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Kimball, A. B., Leonardi, C., Stahle, M., Gulliver, W., Chevrier, M., Fakharzadeh, S., Goyal, K., Calabro, S., Langholff, W., Menter, A., et al. (2014) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/bjd.13013 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Therapeutic Targeting of Th17/Tc17 Cells Leads to Clinical Improvement of Lichen Planus
Solimani, F., Pollmann, R., Schmidt, T., Schmidt, A., Zheng, X., Savai, R., Mühlenbein, S., Pickert, J., Eubel, V., Möbs, C., et al. (2019) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.01808 · Cited by 117 · cited 4× · see citing works
“Indeed, some clinical variants are characterized by a refractory course, especially LPP, ulcerative oral LP and genital LP (14, 109).”
BackgroundInfluentialSensitive and specific assays for routine serological diagnosis of epidermolysis bullosa acquisita
Komorowski, L., Müller, R., Vorobyev, A., Probst, C., Recke, A., Jonkman, M. F., Hashimoto, T., Kim, S., Groves, R. W., Ludwig, R. J., et al. (2012) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2011.12.032 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Quality of life in dermatomyositis
Goreshi, R., Chock, M., Foering, K., Feng, R., Okawa, J., Rose, M., Fiorentino, D. F., & Werth, V. P. (2011) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2010.10.016 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
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Periostin Activation of Integrin Receptors on Sensory Neurons Induces Allergic Itch
Mishra, S. K., Wheeler, J. J., Pitake, S., Ding, H., Jiang, C., Fukuyama, T., Paps, J. S., Ralph, P., Coyne, J., Parkington, M. K., et al. (2020) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2020.03.036 · Cited by 115 · cited 1× · see citing works
“In addition to IL-31, also upregulated periostin might promote fibrosis formation by releasing IL31 from various immune cells (94, 95) from various immune cells.”
BackgroundHalvorsen, J. A., Lien, L., Dalgard, F. J., Bjertness, E., & Stern, R. S. (2014) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1038/jid.2014.70 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Atopic dermatitis in Chinese patients shows TH2/TH17 skewing with psoriasiform features
Chan, T. C., Sanyal, R. D., Pavel, A. B., Glickman, J., Zheng, X., Xu, H., Cho, Y.-T., Tsai, T.-F., Wen, H.-C., Peng, X., et al. (2018) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2018.06.016 · Cited by 114 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Asians may manifest with well-demarcated lesions and skin of color patients may have increased xerosis, follicular eczema, and post-inflammatory pigmentation changes (51).”
BackgroundAutoimmune Diseases Are Linked to Type IIb Autoimmune Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria
Kolkhir, P., Altrichter, S., Asero, R., Daschner, Á., Ferrer, M., Giménez‐Arnau, A. M., Hawro, T., Jakob, T., Kinaciyan, T., Kromminga, A., et al. (2021) · Allergy Asthma and Immunology Research · doi:10.4168/aair.2021.13.4.545 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita: A Retrospective Clinical Analysis of 30 Cases
Kim, S., Kim, J.-H., & Kim, Y. H. (2011) · Acta Dermato Venereologica · doi:10.2340/00015555-1065 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Treatment of alopecia areata with diphenylcyclopropenone
van der Steen, P. H. M., van Baar, H. M. J., Perret, C. M., & Happle, R. (1991) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/0190-9622(91)70037-3 · Cited by 106 · cited 1× · see citing works
“In this line of therapy, potent contact allergens such as 1chloro, 2, 4, dinitrobenzene (DNCB), diphenylcyclopropenone (DPCP), or squaric acid dibutyl ester (SADBE) are applied weekly onto the lesion to induce mild contact dermatitis, which via yet incompletely understood molecular mechanism, results in regrowth of ha…”
BackgroundNon-Desmoglein Antibodies in Patients With Pemphigus Vulgaris
Amber, K. T., Valdebran, M., & Grando, S. A. (2018) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.01190 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Dupilumab for the Treatment of Recalcitrant Bullous Pemphigoid
Kaye, A. J., Gordon, S. C., Deverapalli, S. C., Her, M. J., & Rosmarin, D. M. (2018) · JAMA Dermatology · doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2018.2526 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita: A comprehensive review
Kridin, K., Kneiber, D., Kowalski, E. H., Valdebran, M., & Amber, K. T. (2019) · Autoimmunity Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2019.06.007 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
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Atopic dermatitis epidemiology and unmet need in the United Kingdom
Cork, M. J., Danby, S. G., & Ogg, G. S. (2019) · Journal of Dermatological Treatment · doi:10.1080/09546634.2019.1655137 · Cited by 103 · cited 1× · see citing works
“While a type 2 immune response with elevated levels of IL-4 and IL-13 predominate in the acute phase, chronically, a mixed response of Th1, Th17, and Th22 immune cells is observed (47).”
BackgroundBernard, P., Antonicelli, F. D., Bédane, C., Joly, P., Roux‐Villet, C. L., Duvert‐Lehembre, S., Rousselle, P., & Prost‐Squarcioni, C. (2013) · JAMA Dermatology · doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2013.1434 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Lichen planus of the esophagus: What dermatologists need to know
Fox, L. P., Lightdale, C. J., & Grossman, M. E. (2011) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2010.03.029 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Dermatomyositis: A dermatology-based case series
Dawkins, M. A., Jorizzo, J. L., Walker, F. O., Albertson, D. A., Sinal, S. H., & Hinds, A. (1998) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/s0190-9622(98)70496-7 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
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Granzyme B inhibition reduces disease severity in autoimmune blistering diseases
Hiroyasu, S., Zeglinski, M. R., Zhao, H., Pawluk, M. A., Turner, C. T., Kasprick, A., Tateishi, C., Nishie, W., Burleigh, A., Lennox, P. A., et al. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-20604-3 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
How not to miss autoinflammatory diseases masquerading as urticaria
Krause, K., Grattan, C., Bindslev‐Jensen, C., Gattorno, M., Kallinich, T., de Koning, H. D., Lachmann, H. J., Lipsker, D. M., Navarini, A. A., Simon, A., et al. (2012) · Allergy · doi:10.1111/all.12030 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Incidence, Prevalence, and Mortality of Dermatomyositis: A Population‐Based Cohort Study
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Diagnosis of autoimmune bullous diseases
van Beek, N., Zillikens, D., & Schmidt, E. (2018) · JDDG Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft · doi:10.1111/ddg.13637 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Lichen planus – a clinical guide
Solimani, F., Forchhammer, S., Schloegl, A., Ghoreschi, K., & Meier, K. (2021) · JDDG Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft · doi:10.1111/ddg.14565 · Cited by 95 · cited 8× · see citing works
“Patients affected by LPP may experience itching, burning of the scalp, and hair fragility.”
BackgroundInfluentialChasset, F., Bouaziz, J., Costedoat-Chalumeau, N., Francès, C., & Arnaud, L. (2017) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/bjd.15312 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Wolk, K., Wenzel, J., Tsaousi, A., Witte‐Händel, E., Babel, N., Zelenak, C., Volk, H., Sterry, W., Schneider‐Burrus, S., & Sabat, R. (2017) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/bjd.15424 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Rodriguez, T. A., Fernandes, K. E., Dresser, K. L., & Duvic, M. A. (2010) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2009.02.006 · Cited by 92 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Despite the significant improvements in our understanding of the pathophysiology of AA, future research is warranted to understand the contribution of environmental triggers to AA pathogenesis, since only a 55% concordance rate was observed in monozygotic twins, suggesting other factors contribute to disease onset (16…”
BackgroundIwata, H., Vorobyev, A., Koga, H., Recke, A., Zillikens, D., Prost‐Squarcioni, C., Ishii, N., Hashimoto, T., & Ludwig, R. J. (2018) · Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases · doi:10.1186/s13023-018-0896-1 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
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Topical tacrolimus 0.1% ointment for refractory skin disease in dermatomyositis: a pilot study
Hollar, C. B., & Jorizzo, J. (2004) · Journal of Dermatological Treatment · doi:10.1080/09546630310018509 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Alopecia areata: Part 1: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and prognosis.
Spano, F., & Donovan, J. (2015) · PubMed · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Schnitzler syndrome: validation and applicability of diagnostic criteria in real-life patients
Gusdorf, L., Asli, B., Barbarot, S., Néel, A., MASSEAU, A., Puéchal, X., Gottenberg, J., Grateau, G., Blanchard‐Delaunay, C., Rizzi, R., et al. (2016) · Allergy · doi:10.1111/all.13035 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Clinical features and diagnosis of epidermolysis bullosa acquisita
Vorobyev, A., Ludwig, R. J., & Schmidt, E. (2016) · Expert Review of Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1080/1744666x.2016.1221343 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Italian Guidelines in diagnosis and treatment of alopecia areata
Rossi, A., Muscianese, M., Piraccini, B. M., Starace, M. V. R., Carlesimo, M., Mandel, V. D., Alessandrini, A. M., Calvieri, S., Caro, G., D’Arino, A., et al. (2019) · Giornale Italiano di Dermatologia e Venereologia · doi:10.23736/s0392-0488.19.06458-7 · Cited by 91 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Dermatoscopic findings in AA may vary depending on the specific disease phase (146).”
BackgroundDepression is a frequent co‐morbidity in patients with acne inversa
Kurek, A., Peters, E. M. J., Sabat, R., Sterry, W., & Schneider‐Burrus, S. (2013) · JDDG Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft · doi:10.1111/ddg.12067 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Muramatsu, K., Ujiie, H., Kobayashi, I., Nishie, W., Izumi, K., Ito, T., Yoshimoto, N., Natsuga, K., Iwata, H., & Shimizu, H. (2018) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2018.03.014 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
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Subepidermal autoimmune bullous diseases: overview, epidemiology, and associations
Kridin, K. (2017) · Immunologic Research · doi:10.1007/s12026-017-8975-2 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Dermatomyositis: Current concepts
Bogdanov, I., Kazandjieva, J., Darlenski, R., & Tsankov, N. (2018) · Clinics in Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2018.04.003 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Nonbullous pemphigoid: A systematic review
Lamberts, A., Meijer, J. M., & Jonkman, M. F. (2017) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2017.10.035 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Aróstegui, J. I., Saldaña, M. D. L., Pascal, M., Clemente, D., Aymerich, M., Balaguer, F., Goel, A., del Castillo, C. F., Rius, J., Plaza, S., et al. (2010) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.27342 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Antiepiligrin Cicatricial Pemphigoid
Leverkus, M., Schmidt, E., Lazarova, Z., Bröcker, E.-B., Yancey, K. B., & Zillikens, D. (1999) · Archives of Dermatology · doi:10.1001/archderm.135.9.1091 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
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- [352]Pharmaceuticals CORBUS. Corbus Pharmaceuticals Announces Topline Results From DETERMINE Phase 3 Study of Lenabasum for Treatment of Dermatomyositis. Pharmaceuticals CORBUS (2021). Available online at: https://www.corbuspharma.com/press-releases/detail/361/corbus-pharmaceuticals-announces-topline-results-from
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Sorted by citations
Bieber, K., Hundt, J. E., Yu, X., Ehlers, M., Petersen, F., Karsten, C. M., Köhl, J., Kridin, K., Kalies, K., Kasprick, A., et al. (2022) · Autoimmunity Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2022.103236 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Comprehensive Insight into Lichen Planus Immunopathogenesis
Vičić, M., Hlača, N., Kaštelan, M., Brajac, I., Tokmadžić, V. S., & Massari, L. P. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24033038 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
“Skin LP is generally followed by severe pruritus, whose intensity corresponds to the affected surface but lacks visible scratches or secondary infections [5].”
BackgroundInfluentialHidradenitis suppurativa: new insights into disease mechanisms and an evolving treatment landscape
Krueger, J. G., Frew, J. W., Jemec, G. B. E., Kimball, A. B., Kirby, B., Bechara, F. G., Navrazhina, K., Prens, E. P., Reich, K., Cullen, E., et al. (2023) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1093/bjd/ljad345 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Systematic Review of Deep Learning Image Analyses for the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Skin Disease
Choy, S. P., Kim, B. J., Paolino, A., Tan, W. R., Lim, S. M. L., Seo, J., Tan, S. P., Francis, L., Tsakok, T., Simpson, M., et al. (2023) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-023-00914-8 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Therapeutic strategies for oral lichen planus: State of the art and new insights
Didona, D., Caro, R. D. C., Santos, A. M. S., Solimani, F., & Hertl, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.997190 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
“89% and it is more commonly diagnosed in the female population (1, 2).”
BackgroundInflammation and aging-related disease: A transdisciplinary inflammaging framework
Andonian, B. J., Hippensteel, J. A., Abuabara, K., Boyle, E. M., Colbert, J. F., Devinney, M. J., Faye, A. S., Kochar, B. D., Lee, J., Litke, R. R., et al. (2024) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-024-01364-0 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Tapinarof validates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor as a therapeutic target: A clinical review
Silverberg, J. I., Boguniewicz, M., Quintana, F. J., Clark, R. A., Gross, L., Hirano, I., Tallman, A. M., Brown, P. M., Fredericks, D., Rubenstein, D. S., et al. (2023) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2023.12.013 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) in Dermatology: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Action
Vladulescu, D., Scurtu, L. G., SIMIONESCU, A. A., Scurtu, F., Popescu, M. I., & Simionescu, O. (2023) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines12010007 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Sabat, R., Šimaitė, D., Gudjonsson, J. E., Brembach, T.-C., Witte, K., Krause, T., Kokolakis, G., Bartnik, E., Nikolaou, C., Rill, N., et al. (2022) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2022.10.034 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Perspective on Genetic Factors Involved in the Disease
Moltrasio, C., Tricarico, P. M., Romagnuolo, M., Marzano, A. V., & Crovella, S. (2022) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines10082039 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
“Finally, no guidelines are currently available for different HS clinical phenotypes and its syndromic forms; thus, extensive, basic, and molecular research is still required to fully unravel the various mechanisms underlying this disease [36].”
BackgroundQu, F., Sun, Y., Bi, D., Peng, S., Li, M., Liu, H., Zhang, L., Tao, J., Liu, Y., & Zhu, J. (2023) · Advanced Healthcare Materials · doi:10.1002/adhm.202302314 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Next Generation PDE4 Inhibitors that Selectively Target PDE4B/D Subtypes: A Narrative Review
Blauvelt, A., Langley, R. G. B., Gordon, K. B., Silverberg, J. I., Eyerich, K., Sommer, M. O. A., Felding, J., & Warren, R. B. (2023) · Dermatology and Therapy · doi:10.1007/s13555-023-01054-3 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
“Chronic inflammatory skin diseases, including atopic dermatitis (AD), psoriasis, and hidradenitis suppurativa, are estimated to affect 20–25% of the world’s population [1].”
BackgroundHeat Shock Protein 90 (Hsp90) and Hsp70 as Potential Therapeutic Targets in Autoimmune Skin Diseases
Tukaj, S., & Sitko, K. (2022) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom12081153 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
“, CD28/CD80-86/CTLA-4) are approved by the FDA or under clinical evaluation [46,47].”
BackgroundStimuli-responsive drug delivery systems for inflammatory skin conditions
Gade, L., Boyd, B. J., Malmsten, M., & Heinz, A. (2024) · Acta Biomaterialia · doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2024.08.037 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Silverberg, J. I., Rosmarin, D. M., Chovatiya, R., Bieber, T. R. M., Schleicher, S., Beck, L. A., Gooderham, M., Chaudhry, S., Fanton, C. P., Yu, D., et al. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-53384-1 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Sugimoto, E., Matsuda, H., Shibata, S., Mizuno, Y., Koyama, A., Li, L.-X., Taira, H., Ito, Y., Awaji, K., Yamashita, T., et al. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12083046 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Olbrich, H., Kridin, K., Zirpel, H., Sadik, C. D., Terheyden, P. A. M., Thaçi, D., Ludwig, R. J., & Boch, K. (2023) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104639 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Deciphering the links: Fragmented polystyrene as a driver of skin inflammation
Song, G. B., Nam, J., Ji, S., Woo, G., Park, S.-J., Kim, B., Hong, J., Choi, M. G., Kim, S., Lee, C., et al. (2024) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135815 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Rispo, F., Atanasio, G. D. N., Demori, I., Costa, G., Marchese, E., del Rosario, S. P., Serrano‐Candelas, E., Palomino‐Schätzlein, M., Perata, E., Robino, F., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2023.1305835 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Deep learning models across the range of skin disease
Venkatesh, K. P., Raza, M. M., Nickel, G., Wang, S., & Kvedar, J. C. (2024) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-024-01033-8 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Carmona‐Rocha, E., Rusiñol, L., & Puig, L. (2025) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics17010091 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“Chronic immune-mediated inflammatory skin conditions, such as atopic dermatitis (AD), psoriasis, and hidradenitis suppurativa, are estimated to collectively affect approximately 20–25% of the global population [1].”
Rhee, S., Xia, C., Chandra, A., Hamon, M., Lee, G., Yang, C., Guo, Z., & Sun, B. (2024) · Bioengineering · doi:10.3390/bioengineering11111055 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Shapiro, J., & Lyakhovitsky, A. (2024) · Clinics in Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2024.06.020 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
The relevance of complement in pemphigoid diseases: A critical appraisal
Papara, C., Karsten, C. M., Ujiie, H., Schmidt, E., Schmidt‐Jiménez, L. F., Baican, A. L., Freire, P. C., Izumi, K., Bieber, K., Peipp, M., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.973702 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Kridin, K., Mruwat, N., & Ludwig, R. J. (2022) · JAMA Dermatology · doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2022.5182 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Nanotechnology-Based Topical Delivery of Natural Products for the Management of Atopic Dermatitis
Marques, M. P., Varela, C. L., Mendonça, L., & Cabral, C. (2023) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics15061724 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“The first step in prevention is to avoid irritants and allergens [6].”
BackgroundInfluentialLee, W., & Kim, W. (2023) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.12.026 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Brembach, T.-C., Sabat, R., Witte, K., Schwerdtle, T., & Wolk, K. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1281685 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Bergamot Byproducts: A Sustainable Source to Counteract Inflammation
Russo, C., Lombardo, G. E., Bruschetta, G., Rapisarda, A., Maugeri, A., & Navarra, M. (2024) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16020259 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“In this case timely treatment is necessary because of the possible increase in inflammation, mediated by TNF-α , IL-17, IL-23 cytokines, throughout the organism with consequent systemic impairment of other organs [25].”
BackgroundMa, Y., Sun, T., Ren, K., Min, T., Xie, X., Wang, H., Xu, G., Dang, C., & Zhang, H. (2023) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22568 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“Despite the availability of various drug formulations and physical therapeutic strategies to alleviate the lesions, the occurrence of intolerable adverse reactions and inadequate response to therapy hinders the achievement of complete remission for these diseases [75].”
BackgroundPemphigus and pemphigoids: Clinical presentation, diagnosis and therapy
Didona, D., Schmidt, M. F., Maglie, R., & Solimani, F. (2023) · JDDG Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft · doi:10.1111/ddg.15174 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Egu, D. T., Schmitt, T., Ernst, N., Ludwig, R. J., Fuchs, M. T., Hiermaier, M., Moztarzadeh, S., Morón, C. S., Schmidt, E., Beyersdorfer, V., et al. (2024) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jid.2024.03.040 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Kridin, K., Bieber, K., Vorobyev, A., Moderegger, E. L., Hernandez, G., Schmidt, E., & Ludwig, R. J. (2024) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1093/bjd/ljae219 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Insights into Liposomal and Gel-Based Formulations for Dermatological Treatments
Strazzabosco, G., Liboni, A., Pezzi, G., Alogna, A., & Bortolotti, D. (2025) · Gels · doi:10.3390/gels11040245 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“However, despite their reduced incidence of side effects, their high costs and the requirement for intravenous or localized injection routes often prevent many patients from accessing these beneficial treatments [24].”
Sex-disaggregated population analysis in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa
Sabat, R., Tsaousi, A., Ghoreschi, K., Wolk, K., & Schneider‐Burrus, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.1028943 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
The Development of Human Ex Vivo Models of Inflammatory Skin Conditions
Wang, E. H. C., Barresi‐Thornton, R., Chen, L.-C., Senna, M. M., Liao, I., Chen, Y., Zheng, Q., & Bouez, C. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms242417255 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“These conditions encompass a diverse spectrum, and it is estimated that up to 25% of the adult population is afflicted by at least one ISD [1].”
BackgroundDetection of anti-desmoglein antibodies in oral lichen planus: What do we know so far
Didona, D., & Hertl, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.1001970 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“Classically, two main subtypes of OLP are described, namely non-erosive and erosive OLP (1, 2).”
BackgroundBiology of Interleukin-17 and Novel Therapies for Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Sabat, R., Gudjonsson, J. E., Brembilla, N. C., van Straalen, K. R., & Wolk, K. (2023) · Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research · doi:10.1089/jir.2023.0105 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“Chronic skin diseases are not only very common; they also significantly reduce the quality of life of those affected (Ujiie et al., 2022).”
Decoding the Human Epidermal Complexity at Single-Cell Resolution
Polito, M. P., Marini, G., Palamenghi, M., & Enzo, E. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24108544 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“Driven by an intricate interplay of genetics and environmental factors, they are a crucial challenge of modern medicine [60,61].”
BackgroundMahmoud, O., Yosipovitch, G., & Attia, E. A. S. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12144675 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“This is in addition to the added costs of implementing these lifestyle adjustments [1].”
BackgroundInfluentialFecal microbiota transplantation for the treatment of chronic inflammatory skin diseases
Wu, M., Chen, X., Lu, Q., & Yao, X. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37432 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Small molecule photosensitizers: Paving the way for improved photodynamic therapy in dermatology
Wu, T., Dou, W., Yang, C., Zhou, L., Wang, F., Li, H., Qian, X. H., & Xu, L. (2025) · Coordination Chemistry Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2025.216839 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Dual role of autoantibodies to heat shock proteins in autoimmune diseases
Tukaj, S. (2024) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1421528 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Kridin, K., Bieber, K., Vorobyev, A., Moderegger, E. L., Olbrich, H., Ludwig, M. A., Gershater, B., Hernandez, G., Zirpel, H., Thaçi, D., et al. (2024) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105485 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Witte, K., Wolk, K., Witte‐Händel, E., Krause, T., Kokolakis, G., & Sabat, R. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15173797 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“The limited treatment options and consideration that a relevant portion of HS patients refuse single-therapy elements or have relevant contraindications demonstrate the great need for novel and innovative therapeutics for HS treatment [1,76].”
BackgroundAn Overview of the Latest Metabolomics Studies on Atopic Eczema with New Directions for Study
Afghani, J., Traidl‐Hoffmann, C., Schmitt‐Kopplin, P., Reiger, M., & Mueller, C. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23158791 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Mousavi, S., Bieber, K., Zirpel, H., Vorobyev, A., Olbrich, H., Papara, C., Luca, D. A. D., Thaçi, D., Schmidt, E., Riemekasten, G., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2025.1516433 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
The Role of Skin Microbiota in Facial Dermatoses and Related Factors: A Narrative Review
Ferček, I., Ozretić, P., Zanze, L., Zoričić, Z., Dolački, L., Čivljak, R., & Lugović‐Mihić, L. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26188857 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“Gaining knowledge on the exact pathogenesis of such diseases remains a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for clinicians, as well as an economic burden on healthcare systems, due to the costs associated with their management [2].”
Beibei, L., Mengying, W., Xiao, H., Yuzi, J., Lijin, M., Zhang, K., Shengjie, Y., & Li, L. (2024) · Journal of Oral Microbiology · doi:10.1080/20002297.2024.2374639 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“Classically, OLP can be divided into two subtypes based on symptoms: erosive OLP (EOLP) and non-erosive OLP (NEOLP) [3,5].”
InfluentialTargeting Intracellular Pathways in Atopic Dermatitis with Small Molecule Therapeutics
Nițulescu, G., Olaru, O. T., Andrei, C., Nitulescu, G. M., & Zanfirescu, A. (2025) · Current Issues in Molecular Biology · doi:10.3390/cimb47080659 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“In many cases, an autoimmune component plays a major role [1].”
Witte, K., Sabat, R., Witte‐Händel, E., Ghoreschi, K., & Wolk, K. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23169057 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“Since only a part of the patients respond to anti-TNF-α therapy with relevant symptom reduction, there is still an urgent need for novel therapy options [30].”
BackgroundThe human skin organ culture model as an optimal complementary tool for murine pemphigus models
Hartmann, V., Hariton, W. V. J., Rahimi, S., Hammers, C. M., Ludwig, R. J., Müller, E. J., & Hundt, J. E. (2023) · Laboratory Animals · doi:10.1177/00236772221145647 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Sitko, K., Starke, M. D., & Tukaj, S. (2023) · Cell Stress and Chaperones · doi:10.1007/s12192-023-01387-0 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“All these drugs and therapies, however; may cause various side effects, therefore, the development of new treatments for AD without or with limited side effects are needed (Ujiie et al. 2022).”
BackgroundInhibition of interferon gamma impairs induction of experimental epidermolysis bullosa acquisita
Groß, N., Marketon, J., Mousavi, S., Kalies, K., Ludwig, R. J., & Bieber, K. (2024) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1343299 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Cai, Z. R., Kim, J., Rezaei, S. J., Chen, M. L., Touma, F., Zhu, C., Onyeka, S., Fonjungo, F., Omiye, J. A., Krakowski, I., et al. (2025) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1093/bjd/ljaf250 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“1,2 AI can serve as a powerful tool to improve der-matological care.”
Bitter Phytochemicals as Novel Candidates for Skin Disease Treatment
Grădinaru, T.-C., Vlad, A., & Gîlcă, M. (2023) · Current Issues in Molecular Biology · doi:10.3390/cimb46010020 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Inflammatory skin conditions hold a significant weight among them, since approximately one in four individuals will experience a chronic inflammatory skin disease at some point [3].”
BackgroundWolk, K., Schielein, M. C., Maul, J., Widmayer, F., Wanke, K., Fischmann, W., Nathan, P., & Sabat, R. (2024) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2024.1384055 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“If left untreated, CISDs lead to profound reduction in the quality of life (17, 18).”
BackgroundFilippo, L. D. D., Duarte, J. L., de Almeida, A. C. L., Tashiro, F. M., Peleje, I. R., & Chorilli, M. (2025) · Nanomedicine · doi:10.1080/17435889.2025.2506347 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Leng, M., Qi, P., Li, R., Gong, F., & Wei, Z. (2025) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1668840 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Anitua, E., Tierno, R., Azkargorta, M., Elortza, F., & Alkhraisat, M. H. (2024) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom14070763 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“These pathologies represent a major medical burden due to their high and increasing prevalence, potentially important effect on quality of life, absence of curative treatments, diagnostic challenges, co-morbidity, and significant economic impact [1].”
BackgroundSerum Biomarkers in Bullous Pemphigoid: A Systematic Review
Geng, R. S. Q., Wei, E., Wilken, B. F., Sibbald, R. G., & Sibbald, C. J. (2024) · Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery · doi:10.1177/12034754241266171 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“10 Due to the chronic and often recalcitrant nature of BP, expanded treatment options, including targeted treatment, are needed for this challenging to treat population.”
BackgroundChang, W., Shi, J., Li, L., Zhang, P., Ren, Y., Yan, Y., & Ge, Y. (2024) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000039352 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“[1,2] Approximately 1.4% OLP case progress to oral squamous cell carcinoma, classified as oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD) by the World Health Organization (WHO).”
BackgroundInfluentialGershater, B., Bieber, K., Vorobyev, A., Ludwig, M. A., Zirpel, H., Luca, D. A. D., Thaçi, D., Kridin, K., & Ludwig, R. J. (2024) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2024.1385491 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Patient perspective on psoriasis: Psychosocial burden of psoriasis and its management in Malaysia
Affandi, A. M., & Thiruchelvam, K. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0305870 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Ghorbanalipoor, S., Matsumoto, K., Groß, N., Heimberg, L., Krause, M., Veldkamp, W. R., Magens, M., Zanken, J., Neuschütz, K., Luca, D. A. D., et al. (2024) · Journal of Autoimmunity · doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2024.103302 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Furthermore, adverse events that develop in response to drug treatment, for example, immunosuppression associated with current treatments for chronic inflammatory diseases, contribute in part to overall morbidity and mortality [11 – 14].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSTAT2 /Caspase3 in the diagnosis and treatment of psoriasis
Fu, Z., He, Y., Gao, L., Tong, X., Zhou, L., & Zeng, J. (2023) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1111/eci.13959 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Entzündliche Dermatosen auf pigmentierter Haut
Ludwig, R. J., & von Stebut, E. (2023) · Die Dermatologie · doi:10.1007/s00105-022-05096-0 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Die betroffenen Patienten*innen sind sowohl durch die Hauterkrankung selbst als auch durch eine teilweise erhebliche Komorbidität sehr belastet [21].”
BackgroundEditorial: Autoimmune pre-disease
Hundt, J. E., Hoffmann, M. H., Amber, K. T., & Ludwig, R. J. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1159396 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“This would have a significant impact on affected individuals, as well as the healthcare system because the incidence of autoimmune and non-communicable inflammatory diseases is rising and there are still many unmet medical needs in the care of patients with these diagnoses (12, 13).”
BackgroundArtificial intelligence–enabled precision medicine for inflammatory skin diseases
Tang, A. S., Wei, M. L., Haemel, A., La, C., Sirota, M., & Lee, E. Y. (2026) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jid.2025.10.596 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Zirpel, H., Ludwig, R. J., Olbrich, H., Kridin, K., Ständer, S., & Thaçi, D. (2024) · Journal of Dermatological Treatment · doi:10.1080/09546634.2024.2421429 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“The chronic-recurrent inflammatory nature of AD with its comorbidities and potential treatment-related adverse events due to commonly used conventional treatment options poses a significant burden on affected patients (5).”
Pemphigoid disease model systems for clinical translation
Tigges, M., Dräger, S., Piccini, I., Bieber, K., Vorobyev, A., Edelkamp, J., Bertolini, M., & Ludwig, R. J. (2025) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1537428 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
A translational approach to improve therapeutics in atopic dermatitis and beyond
Liu, D., Patel, D., Lau, M., Largen, J., Hu, B., He, H., & Guttman‐Yassky, E. (2025) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1093/jimmun/vkaf049 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Raap, U., Limberg, M. M., Kridin, K., & Ludwig, R. J. (2023) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom13030485 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“This is mainly due to the limited and partially insufficient treatment options, as well as a significant, often treatment‐associated, (co)‐morbidity [7,8].”
BackgroundType XVII Collagen–Specific CD4+ T Cells Induce Bullous Pemphigoid by Producing IL-5
Yoshimoto, N., Muramatsu, K., Ito, T., Zheng, M., Izumi, K., Natsuga, K., Iwata, H., Hasegawa, Y., & Ujiie, H. (2024) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jid.2024.08.026 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Güldorum, Y., Danısık, M. N., Zia, M. K., Aldemir, N., Ulağ, S., Bicer, L., Kaya, E., Şahin, A., Tinaz, G. B., & Gündüz, O. (2025) · Emergent Materials · doi:10.1007/s42247-025-01043-6 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Chronic, non-infectious inflammatory skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, urticaria, lichen planus, and hidrad-enitis suppurativa, affect 20–25% of the population [ 3, 4].”
Unmet needs in treating itch: reaching beyond eczema
Brooks, S. G., & Yosipovitch, G. (2024) · Journal of Dermatological Treatment · doi:10.1080/09546634.2024.2351487 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“As such, broad-spectrum immunosuppressants, such as systemic corticosteroids, cyclosporine, methotrexate, and azathioprine are often used as a default treatment option for those conditions thought to have an immune component (7).”
InfluentialDigkas, T., Tefas, L. R., Porfire, A. S., Tomuță, I., & Beer, T. D. (2025) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.125964 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Liakou, A. Ι., Routsi, E., Plisioti, K., Tziona, E., Koumaki, D., Kalamata, M., Bompou, E., Sokou, R., Ιωάννου, Π., Bonovas, S., et al. (2025) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms13092129 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Gürtler, A.-L., Maltschik, A. M., Yildiz, S. M. G., Vangelofski, K., Gade, L., Grohganz, H., Rades, T., & Heinz, A. (2024) · European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114423 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Kim, G. H., Lee, S. Y., Oh, S., Jang, J.-W., Lee, J. H., Kim, H., Son, K. H., & Byun, K. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms252312522 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Cutaneous Manifestations in Patients with Dermatomyositis, Are They Only Skin Deep?
McKee, S., Xenakis, J. J., Makin, H., Marshall, C., Winnette, R., Aggarwal, R., & Knight, S. (2024) · Dermatology and Therapy · doi:10.1007/s13555-024-01266-1 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“It has been reported that the amount of cutaneous involvement that a patient has correlates directly with the impact on their QoL [4, 5].”
BackgroundGürtler, A.-L., Lang, J. C., Czyrski, G. S., Sirois, J. P., Melican, K., Rades, T., & Heinz, A. (2024) · Biomaterials Advances · doi:10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.214068 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Cao, X., He, R., Xu, D., & Zhao, Y. (2025) · Bioactive Materials · doi:10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.09.040 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“[185 – 188].”
Systematizing PDE4 Inhibition in Psoriasis Treatment: Roflumilast Leads the Way
Ravindran, R., Muralidharan, P., & Govindarajan, A. (2025) · Journal of Young Pharmacists · doi:10.5530/jyp.20251506 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Frau, F., Loustalot, P., Törnqvist, M., Temam, N., Cupe, J., Montmerle, M., & Augé, F. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-78794-5 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Despite that, AD affects up to 30% of the paediatric population and 2–10% of adults 8 , there are still many unmet medical needs.”
Kim, S., Kim, N. H., Khaleel, Z. H., Sa, D. H., Choi, D., Ga, S., Kim, C. G., Jang, J., Kim, K., Kim, Y. J., et al. (2023) · Advanced Therapeutics · doi:10.1002/adtp.202300353 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Predatory journals in dermatology: a bibliometric review
Shamsi, A., Wang, T., Raju, N. V., Ghamgosar, A., Davani, G. M., & Mansourzadeh, M. J. (2024) · Online Information Review · doi:10.1108/oir-04-2023-0161 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Improving systemic therapy selection for inflammatory skin diseases: A clinical need survey
Brownstone, N. D., Farberg, A. S., Litchman, G. H., Quick, A. P., Siegel, J. J., Hurton, L. V., Goldberg, M. S., & Lio, P. (2024) · JAAD International · doi:10.1016/j.jdin.2024.03.019 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Most Frequent Comorbidities in Patients With Lichen Planopilaris: A Cross-Sectional Study
Nejad, K. G., Ghadarjani, R., Eftekhari, H., & Sheykholeslami, S. (2023) · International Journal of Dermatology and Venereology · doi:10.1097/jd9.0000000000000306 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“15 Brankov et al .”
Kola-Mustapha, A. T., Abdulrahman, M. O., & Ishola, I. O. (2023) · Scientific African · doi:10.1016/j.sciaf.2023.e01942 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Hair Transplantation for Lichen Planopilaris: A Case Series of Five Patients
Osipowicz, K., Turkowski, P., Kowaléwski, C., Pach, J., Regulski, P. A., & Woźniak, K. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm14176199 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“…medical therapy can only slow down the progression of the disease, leaving patients with noticeable hair loss, which negatively affects their psychological well-being [3]; therefore, surgical treatment of the esthetic consequences of this condition remains an important and unmet medical need [4].”
Advances in Bioprinting to Model Immune‐Mediated Skin Diseases
Ulloa‐Fernández, A., Marković, M., Fernández‐Pérez, J., Stary, G., & Ovsianikov, A. (2025) · Advanced Healthcare Materials · doi:10.1002/adhm.202503806 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Salman, S., Raccah, S., Rousseaud, A., Declercq, L., & Kerdine‐Römer, S. (2024) · Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology · doi:10.1016/j.jpap.2024.100227 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Ferček, I., Ozretić, P., Andrašević, A. T., Trajanoski, S., Ćesić, D., Jelić, M., Geber, G., Žaja, O., Paić, J., Lugović‐Mihić, L., et al. (2024) · Life · doi:10.3390/life14091091 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Using three addi-Life tional indices, we observed a trend toward reduced biodiversity in patients with atopic dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, and rosacea.”
MethodResultNeha, N., Joshi, R., Bhave, A., Bhagat, S. V., Veligandla, K. C., Rathod, R., & Kotak, B. (2023) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.45032 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Currently, the clinical significance of moisturizers is appropriately documented furthermore positioning plant-based natural moisturizers as a preferable first-line treatment [9,10].”
BackgroundThe epidemiology of inflammatory skin disease in older adults
West, D., Roberts, A. M., STROEBEL, B. M., & Abuabara, K. (2024) · JAAD International · doi:10.1016/j.jdin.2024.09.013 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Cugno, G., Schneider‐Burrus, S., Kokolakis, G., Wilsmann‐Theis, D., Assaf, K., Mößner, R., Kromer, C., Bechara, F. G., Rached, N. A., Peitsch, W. K., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2025.1626345 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Jiang, Q. L., Tang, Y.-X., & Zhou, G. (2025) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2025.115457 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Truong, K., Luu, W., & Fernández‐Peñas, P. (2025) · Australasian Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/ajd.14616 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Gazerani, P. (2023) · Neuroglia · doi:10.3390/neuroglia4010002 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Cutaneous conditions that accompany itch include but are not limited to psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and lichen planus [9].”
Background
- Authors
- Ujiie, H., Rosmarin, D., Schön, M. P., Ständer, S., Boch, K., Metz, M., Maurer, M., Thaci, D., Schmidt, E., Cole, C., Amber, K. T., Didona, D., Hertl, M., Recke, A., Graßhoff, H., Hackel, A., Schumann, A., Riemekasten, G., Bieber, K., Sprow, G., Dan, J., Zillikens, D., Sezin, T., Christiano, A. M., Wolk, K., Sabat, R., Kridin, K., Werth, V. P., & Ludwig, R. J.
- Affiliations
- Hokkaido University (JP)
- Tufts Medical Center (US)
- Universitätsmedizin Göttingen (DE)
- University Hospital Münster (DE)
- University of Lübeck (DE)
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (DE)
- Rush University Medical Center (US)
- Philipps University of Marburg (DE)
- Philadelphia VA Medical Center (US)
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center (US)
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin (DE)
- Bar-Ilan University (IL)
- Corresponding author
- Ludwig, Ralf J.
- ORCID
- Ujiie, Hideyuki
- Rosmarin, David
- Schön, Michael P.
- Ständer, Sonja
- Boch, Katharina
- Metz, Martin
- Maurer, Marcus
- Schmidt, Enno
- Cole, Connor
- Amber, Kyle T.
- Didona, Dario
- Hertl, Michael
- Recke, Andreas
- Graßhoff, Hanna
- Hackel, Alexander
- Riemekasten, Gabriela
- Bieber, Katja
- Dan, Joshua
- Zillikens, Detlef
- Sezin, Tanya
- Christiano, Angela M.
- Wolk, Kerstin
- Sabat, Robert
- Kridin, Khalaf
- Werth, Victoria P.
- Ludwig, Ralf J.
- Venue
- Frontiers in Medicine
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2022-06-09
- Volume
- 9
- Pages
- 875492-875492
- ISSN
- 2296-858X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9218547
- OpenAlex
- W4285740668
- Cited by
- 158
- References
- 389
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 49 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 12
- FWCI
- 6.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft) (submittedVersion)
- GoeScholar The Publication Server of the Georg-August-Universität Göttingen (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (EXC 2167, FOR 2497, FOR 2690, RI/1056-11,, SFB 1526)
- National Institutes of Health (R01AR071653, R01AR076766)
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (CRSII5_202301/1)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Dermatology and Skin Diseases
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Psoriasis: Treatment and Pathogenesis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Systemic Sclerosis and Related Diseases
- Keywords
- chronic inflammatory skin disease, unmet medical needs, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, urticaria, lichen planus, hidradenitis suppurativa, alopecia areata, vitiligo, pemphigus, pemphigoid diseases, cutaneous lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, autoinflammatory disease, systemic immunosuppression, biomarkers, treatment response prediction, early diagnosis
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