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Satellite Glial Cells: Morphology, functional heterogeneity, and role in pain

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Andreeva, Daria, Murashova, Lada, Burzak, Nikita, Dyachuk, Vyacheslav·2022·Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience
DOI 10.3389/fncel.2022.1019449PMC PMC9583829
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Abstract

Neurons in the somatic, sympathetic, and parasympathetic ganglia are surrounded by envelopes consisting of satellite glial cells (SGCs). Recently, it has become clear that SGCs are highly altered after nerve injury, which influences neuronal excitability and, consequently, the development and maintenance of pain in different animal models of chronic pain. However, the exact mechanism underlying chronic pain is not fully understood yet because it is assumed that SGCs in different ganglia share many common peculiarities, making the process complex. Here, we review recent data on morphological and functional heterogeneity and changes in SGCs in various pain conditions and their role in response to injury. More research is required to decipher the role of SGCs in diseases, such as chronic pain, neuropathology, and neurodegenerative diseases.

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  • This structure provides the anatomical basis for bidirectional communication and functional interaction between neurons and SGCs, enabling SGC-mediated regulation of synaptic plasticity.

    “This structure provides the anatomical basis for the realization of bidirectional communication and functional interaction between neurons and SGCs, thereby enabling SGC-mediated regulation of synaptic plasticity (109).”

    From Nociplastic pain: the prominent role of non-neuronal cells in central and peripheral sensitization (2026) · cites this paper as [109]

    The Morphological characteristics section (page unavailable) describes the close neuron–SGC sheath as an anatomical and functional unit and suggests that SGCs influence synaptic transmission. The Participation of satellite glial cells in pain conditions section (page unavailable) describes communication between neurons and SGCs, but the paper does not establish that this structure enables SGC-mediated regulation of synaptic plasticity. (LLM, conf=0.87)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Neurons and their synapses are wrapped within a single sheath via gap junctions, forming a discrete anatomical and functional sensory unit.

    “Neurons and their synapses are wrapped within a single sheath via gap junctions, forming a discrete anatomical and functional sensory unit.”

    From Nociplastic pain: the prominent role of non-neuronal cells in central and peripheral sensitization (2026) · cites this paper as [109]

    The Morphological characteristics section says that satellite glial cells form a sheath around each sensory neuron, creating a discrete anatomical and functional unit. It does not say that the sheath wraps the neuron's synapses or is formed via gap junctions; it describes gap junctions between satellite glial cells separately. No page number is available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • SGCs surround sensory ganglion neurons in a circular arrangement at a distance of approximately 20 nm.

    “Satellite glial cells (SGCs), the main cell type mediating myelin generation in the peripheral nervous system, surround sensory ganglion neurons in a circular arrangement at a distance of approximately 20 nm.”

    From Nociplastic pain: the prominent role of non-neuronal cells in central and peripheral sensitization (2026) · cites this paper as [109]

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Andreeva, D., Murashova, L., Burzak, N., & Dyachuk, V.
Affiliations
Federal Almazov North-West Medical Research Centre (RU)
Corresponding author
Dyachuk, Vyacheslav
ORCID
Venue
Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience
Publisher
Frontiers Media SA
Published
2022-10-06
Volume
16
Pages
1019449-1019449
ISSN
1662-5102 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3389/fncel.2022.1019449
PMC
PMC9583829
OpenAlex
W4303184153
Cited by
38
References
3
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 5
FWCI
1.00
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Sensory Systems › Ion Channels and Receptors
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Treatment
Keywords
satellite glial cells, chronic pain, functional heterogeneity, glial morphology, nerve injury, neuronal excitability, sympathetic ganglia, parasympathetic ganglia, neuropathic pain, neurodegenerative diseases, neuropathology

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