Blast TBI models, neuropathology, and implications for seizure risk.

Kovacs, S. Krisztian; Leonessa, Fabio; Ling, Geoffrey S. F.

doi:10.3389/fneur.2014.00047

Cited by 71Traumatic Brain Injury ResearchTraumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular DisturbancesAutomotive and Human Injury Biomechanics

Blast TBI models, neuropathology, and implications for seizure risk.

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Kovacs, S. Krisztian, Leonessa, Fabio, Ling, Geoffrey S. F.·2014·Frontiers in Neurology

DOI 10.3389/fneur.2014.00047PMC PMC3988378

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Abstract

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) due to explosive blast exposure is a leading combat casualty. It is also implicated as a key contributor to war related mental health diseases. A clinically important consequence of all types of TBI is a high risk for development of seizures and epilepsy. Seizures have been reported in patients who have suffered blast injuries in the Global War on Terror but the exact prevalence is unknown. The occurrence of seizures supports the contention that explosive blast leads to both cellular and structural brain pathology. Unfortunately, the exact mechanism by which explosions cause brain injury is unclear, which complicates development of meaningful therapies and mitigation strategies. To help improve understanding, detailed neuropathological analysis is needed. For this, histopathological techniques are extremely valuable and indispensable. In the following we will review the pathological results, including those from immunohistochemical and special staining approaches, from recent preclinical explosive blast studies.

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It is estimated that over 50% of severe traumatic brain injury cases will result in seizures or post-traumatic epilepsy.
“Furthermore, it is estimated that over 50% of severe TBI cases will result in seizures or PTE (Kovacs et al., 2014), and animal models reveal increased p-tau levels in the brain associated with TBI-induced epileptic activity (Cho et al., 2020; Alyenbaawi et al., 2021).”
From Tauopathy and Epilepsy Comorbidities and Underlying Mechanisms (2022) · cites this paper as Kovacs et al., 2014
The Introduction estimates that over 50% of patients with penetrating TBI will develop post-traumatic epilepsy, and says seizure risk rises with TBI severity. It does not give that estimate for severe TBI cases generally; its over-50% figure is specific to penetrating injury. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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[102]Cullen DK Browne KD Xu Y Adeeb S Wolf JA McCarron RM Blast-induced color change in photonic crystals corresponds with brain pathology. J Neurotrauma (2011) 28(11): 2307– 18 10.1089/neu.2011.1718 22082449 PMC3218413 · DOI

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Authors: Kovacs, S. K., Leonessa, F., & Ling, G. S. F.
Affiliations: Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (US)
Corresponding author: Ling, Geoffrey S. F.
Venue: Frontiers in Neurology
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Published: 2014-04-09
Volume: 5
Pages: 47-47
ISSN: 1664-2295 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2014.00047
PMC: PMC3988378
OpenAlex: W2082644527
Cited by: 71
References: 124
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 3
FWCI: 6.31
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
Locations: Frontiers in Neurology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Automotive and Human Injury Biomechanics
Keywords: blast traumatic brain injury, explosive blast, seizure risk, epilepsy, neuropathology, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, preclinical animal models, war-related mental health

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Blast TBI models, neuropathology, and implications for seizure risk.

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