The Neurocognitive and MRI Outcomes of West Nile Virus Infection: Preliminary Analysis Using an External Control Group
Open accessAbstract
To understand the long-term neurological outcomes resultant of West Nile virus (WNV) infection, participants from a previously established, prospective WNV cohort were invited to take part in a comprehensive neurologic and neurocognitive examination. Those with an abnormal exam finding were invited for MRI to evaluate cortical thinning and regional brain atrophy following infection. Correlations of presenting clinical syndrome with neurologic and neurocognitive dysfunctions were evaluated, as well as correlations of neurocognitive outcomes with MRI results. From 2002 to 2012, a total of 262 participants with a history of WNV infection were enrolled as research participants in a longitudinal cohort study, and 117 completed comprehensive neurologic and neurocognitive evaluations. Abnormal neurological exam findings were identified in 49% (57/117) of participants, with most abnormalities being unilateral. The most common abnormalities included decreased strength (26%; 30/117), abnormal reflexes (14%; 16/117), and tremors (10%; 12/117). Weakness and decreased reflexes were consistent with lower motor neuron damage in a significant proportion of patients. We observed a 22% overall rate of impairment on the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), with impairments observed in immediate (31%) and delayed memory (25%). On MRI, participants showed significant cortical thinning as compared to age- and gender-matched controls in both hemispheres, with affected regions primarily occurring in the frontal and limbic cortices. Regional atrophy occurred in the cerebellum, brain stem, thalamus, putamen, and globus pallidus. This study provides valuable new information regarding the neurological outcomes following WNV infection, with MRI evidence of significant cortical thinning and regional atrophy; however, it is important to note that the results may include systemic bias due to the external control group. Considering no effective treatment measures are available, strategies to prevent infection are key.
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Patients with neuro-invasive WNV disease displayed mild cognitive deficits in immediate and delayed memory, and more significant cortical thinning than controls on magnetic resonance imaging.
“Using comprehensive neuropsychological assessment tools, [88] showed that patients with neuro-invasive WNV disease displayed mild cognitive deficits in immediate and delayed memory, and more significant cortical thinning than controls on magnetic resonance imaging [88].”
From Cognitive decline following acute viral infections: literature review and projections for post-COVID-19 (2022) · cites this paper as [88]
Movement disorders persist for months to years in WNE patients.
“Movement disorders persist for months to years [83, 87–91].”
From Cognitive decline following acute viral infections: literature review and projections for post-COVID-19 (2022) · cites this paper as [88]
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- Authors
- Murray, K. O., Nolan, M. S., Ronca, S. E., Datta, S., Govindarajan, K., Narayana, P. A., Salazar, L., Woods, S. P., & Hasbun, R.
- Affiliations
- Baylor College of Medicine (US)
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (US)
- University of Houston (US)
- Corresponding author
- Murray, Kristy O.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Frontiers in Neurology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2018-03-27
- Volume
- 9
- Pages
- 111-111
- ISSN
- 1664-2295 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5880927
- OpenAlex
- W2794906373
- Cited by
- 43
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 5.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Frontiers in Neurology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5R01AI091816-01, K23AI057341, U19AI089992-01, UL1 TR000371, 1 S10 RR19186-01)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Infectious Encephalopathies and Encephalitis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- Keywords
- West Nile virus infection, neuropsychological outcomes, neurological outcome, cortical thinning, regional brain atrophy, memory impairment, cerebellar atrophy, limbic cortex, long-term neurological sequelae
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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