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Effects of Meditation Experience on Functional Connectivity of Distributed Brain Networks
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Abstract
This study sought to examine the effect of meditation experience on brain networks underlying cognitive actions employed during contemplative practice. In a previous study, we proposed a basic model of naturalistic cognitive fluctuations that occur during the practice of focused attention meditation. This model specifies four intervals in a cognitive cycle: mind wandering (MW), awareness of MW, shifting of attention, and sustained attention. Using subjective input from experienced practitioners during meditation, we identified activity in salience network regions during awareness of MW and executive network regions during shifting and sustained attention. Brain regions associated with the default mode were active during MW. In the present study, we reasoned that repeated activation of attentional brain networks over years of practice may induce lasting functional connectivity changes within relevant circuits. To investigate this possibility, we created seeds representing the networks that were active during the four phases of the earlier study, and examined functional connectivity during the resting state in the same participants. Connectivity maps were then contrasted between participants with high vs. low meditation experience. Participants with more meditation experience exhibited increased connectivity within attentional networks, as well as between attentional regions and medial frontal regions. These neural relationships may be involved in the development of cognitive skills, such as maintaining attention and disengaging from distraction, that are often reported with meditation practice. Furthermore, because altered connectivity of brain regions in experienced meditators was observed in a non-meditative (resting) state, this may represent a transference of cognitive abilities "off the cushion" into daily life.
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“Generally, mindfulness often begins with FA meditation (Hasenkamp and Barsalou, 2012), which is restricted to a specific object (normally the sensory experience of the breath).”
From Enhanced Resting-State Functional Connectivity With Decreased Amplitude of Low-Frequency Fluctuations of the Salience Network in Mindfulness Novices (2022) · cites this paper as Hasenkamp and Barsalou, 2012
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“Functional connectivity studies of meditation have indicated increased connectivity between anterior and posterior nodes of the DMN at rest123,124 and during meditation125,126 in experienced meditators with 10,000 h of practice but not following 8 weeks of training,127”
From Awakening is not a metaphor: the effects of Buddhist meditation practices on basic wakefulness (2014) · cites this paper as [125]
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“The potentially reciprocal nature of activation of these large-scale networks and their functional roles have started to be explored in the context of meditation sessions or meditation expertise, and is a promising avenue of research (Hasenkamp & Barsalou, 2012).”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Hasenkamp, W., & Barsalou, L. W.
- Affiliations
- Emory University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hasenkamp, Wendy
- Venue
- Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2012
- Volume
- 6
- Pages
- 38-38
- ISSN
- 1662-5161 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3290768
- OpenAlex
- W2139765609
- Cited by
- 367
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 11.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Frontiers in Human Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) (acceptedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
- Emory University
- Mind and Life Institute
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Mind wandering and attention
- Keywords
- meditation experience, functional connectivity, distributed brain networks, focused attention meditation, mind wandering, salience network, executive network, default mode network, sustained attention, attentional shift, resting state, meditation practitioners
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