The Association between Work-Related Rumination and Heart Rate Variability: A Field Study
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The objective of this study was to examine the association between perseverative cognition in the form of work-related rumination, and heart rate variability (HRV). We tested the hypothesis that high ruminators would show lower vagally mediated heart rate variability relative to low ruminators during their leisure time. Individuals were classified as being low (n = 17) or high ruminators (n = 19), using the affective scale on the work-related rumination measure. HRV was assessed using a wrist sensor band (Microsoft Band 2). HRV was sampled between 8 and 10 pm over three workday evenings (Monday to Wednesday) while individuals carried out their normal evening routines. Compared to the low ruminators, high affective ruminators demonstrated lower HRV in the form of root mean square successive differences, relative to the low ruminators, indicating lower parasympathetic activity. There was no significant difference in heart rate, or activity levels between the two groups during the recording periods. The current findings of this study may have implications for the design and delivery of interventions to help individuals unwind post work and to manage stress more effectively. Limitations and implications for future research are discussed.
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Rumination is linked to several indicators of impaired well-being and health.
“In turn, rumination, that is, “conscious thoughts that revolve around a common instrumental theme and that recur in the absence of immediate environmental demands requiring [those] thoughts” ([15], p. 7), has been shown to be linked to several indicators of impaired well-being and health [22,23,24].”
From Ovsiankina's Great Relief: How Supplemental Work during the Weekend May Contribute to Recovery in the Face of Unfinished Tasks (2017) · cites this paper as [22]
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McCarrick, D., Prestwich, A., & O'Connor, D. (2023) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2022.2154353 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
An integrative model of perseverative thinking
Mattioni, L., Nikčević, A. V., Ferri, F., Spada, M. M., & Sestieri, C. (2025) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/19585969.2025.2481658 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Kästner, T., Schweden, F., & Rau, R. (2019) · Zeitschrift für Arbeitswissenschaft · doi:10.1007/s41449-019-00167-w · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Wütschert, M. S., Pereira, D., & Elfering, A. (2022) · Escritos de Psicología / Psychological Writings · doi:10.24310/espsiescpsi.v15i1.12876 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Ask, T. F., & Sütterlin, S. (2022) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2022.02.17.480574 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationLim, C. X., Mueller, E., & O’Brien, W. H. (2026) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2026.113368 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Fard, J. H., Samadi, N., Lolaty, H. Â., Ghara, A. N., & Rostamvand, M. (2023) · Journal of Health and Care · doi:10.61186/jhc.24.4.310 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
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Rumination as a key to understanding anxiety and depression in cardiac patients
Murphy, B. M., Phillips, L., & Jackson, A. C. (2021) · British Journal of Cardiac Nursing · doi:10.12968/bjca.2021.0046
Tsuji, Y., Kondo, I., & Shimada, S. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.02.11.705451
Adams, K. L., Palmer, R., Bird, J. M., Plans, D., Cunningham, A., Morelli, D., Piercy, T., Spooner, R., Clemente, R., Izagirre, N. I., et al. (2026) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.70310
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- Authors
- Cropley, M., Plans, D., Morelli, D., Sütterlin, S., Inceoglu, I., Thomas, G., & Chu, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Surrey (GB)
- University of Pisa (IT)
- Oslo University Hospital (NO)
- Corresponding author
- Plans, David
- Venue
- Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2017-01-31
- Volume
- 11
- Pages
- 27-27
- ISSN
- 1662-5161 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5281594
- OpenAlex
- W2582726302
- Cited by
- 60
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 6.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Frontiers in Human Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- BIBSYS Brage (BIBSYS (Norway)) (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Surrey Research Insight Open Access (The University of Surrey) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Open Research Exeter (University of Exeter) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- University of Surrey
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Workaholism, burnout, and well-being
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Workplace Health and Well-being
- Keywords
- work-related rumination, heart rate variability, perseverative cognition, parasympathetic activity, vagal tone, affective rumination, occupational stress, leisure, wearable heart rate monitoring
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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