Propagation of Tau via Extracellular Vesicles
Open accessAbstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), like exosomes, play a critical role in physiological processes, including synaptic transmission and nerve regeneration. However, exosomes in particular can also contribute to the development of neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease, and prion diseases. All of these disorders are characterized by protein aggregation and deposition in specific regions of the brain. Several lines of evidence indicate that protein in exosomes is released from affected neurons and propagated along neuroanatomically connected regions of the brain, thus spreading the neurodegenerative disease. Also, different cell types contribute to the progression of tauopathy, such as microglia. Several groups have reported tau release via exosomes by cultured neurons or cells overexpressing human tau. Although the exact mechanisms underlying the propagation of protein aggregates are not fully understood, recent findings have implicated EVs in this process. The AD brain has two hallmarks, namely the presence of amyloid-β-containing plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, the latter formed by hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Both amyloid peptide and tau protein are present in specific exosomes. This review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of exosomes in the pathology of AD, with a special focus on tau protein.
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Intracellular tau can be released from neurons by exocytosis, including secretion, extracellular vesicles, and neuronal death pathways.
“It has been proposed that intracellular tau can be released from neurons by exocytosis, including secretion (free protein), extracellular vesicles (such as exosomes and ectosomes/microvesicles), and neuronal death pathways [67].”
From Tau and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease: interplay mechanisms and clinical translation (2023) · cites this paper as [67]
Extracellular tau can be taken up by neighboring cells, both neurons and glial cells, through various pathways including phagocytosis, macropinocytosis, receptor-mediated uptake, endocytosis, and/or membrane fusion of exosomes.
“Meanwhile, the extracellular tau can be taken up by neighboring cells, both neurons and glial cells, through various pathways, including phagocytosis [68], macropinocytosis [69], receptor-mediated uptake [67, 70], endocytosis [71], and/or membrane fusion of exosomes [72, 73].”
From Tau and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease: interplay mechanisms and clinical translation (2023) · cites this paper as [67]
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Tau and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease: interplay mechanisms and clinical translation
Chen, Y., & Yu, Y. (2023) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-023-02853-3 · Cited by 516 · see citing works
“It has been proposed that intracellular tau can be released from neurons by exocytosis, including secretion (free protein), extracellular vesicles (such as exosomes and ectosomes/microvesicles), and neuronal death pathways [67].”
BackgroundThe different autophagy degradation pathways and neurodegeneration
Fleming, A., Bourdenx, M., Fujimaki, M., Karabiyik, C., Krause, G. J., Lopez, A., Martín‐Segura, A., Puri, C., Scrivo, A., Skidmore, J., et al. (2022) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2022.01.017 · Cited by 485 · see citing works
Upadhya, R., Zingg, W., Shetty, S., & Shetty, A. K. (2020) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.04.017 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Acetylated tau inhibits chaperone-mediated autophagy and promotes tau pathology propagation in mice
Caballero, B., Bourdenx, M., Luengo, E., Diaz, A., Sohn, P. D., Chen, X., Wang, C., Juste, Y. R., Wegmann, S., Patel, B., et al. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-22501-9 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
From the prion-like propagation hypothesis to therapeutic strategies of anti-tau immunotherapy
Colin, M., Dujardin, S., Schraen-Maschke, S., Meno-Tetang, G., Duyckaerts, C., Courade, J.-P., & Buée, L. (2020) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-019-02087-9 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Pinnell, J. R., Cui, M., & Tieu, K. (2020) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.15288 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
TNF Production and Release from Microglia via Extracellular Vesicles: Impact on Brain Functions
Raffaele, S., Lombardi, M., Verderio, C., & Fumagalli, M. (2020) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells9102145 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
The emerging role of exosomes in Alzheimer’s disease
Zhang, T., Ma, S., Lv, J., Wang, X., Afewerky, H. K., Li, H. R., & Lu, Y. (2021) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2021.101321 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Penke, B., Szűcs, M., & Bogár, F. (2020) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules25071659 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Exosomes: Their Role in Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment of Diseases
Aheget, H., Mazini, L., Martı́n, F., Belqat, B., Marchal, J. A., & Benabdellah, K. (2020) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers13010084 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Extracellular Vesicles in neural cell interaction and CNS homeostasis
Schnatz, A., Müller, C., Brahmer, A., & Krämer‐Albers, E. (2021) · FASEB BioAdvances · doi:10.1096/fba.2021-00035 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Extracellular vesicles and intercellular communication in the central nervous system
Lizarraga‐Valderrama, L. R., & Sheridan, G. K. (2021) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1002/1873-3468.14074 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Brain Derived Exosomes Are a Double-Edged Sword in Alzheimer’s Disease
Song, Z., Xu, Y., Deng, W., Zhang, L., Zhu, H., Yü, P., Qu, Y., Zhao, W., Han, Y., & Qin, C. (2020) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2020.00079 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
A new paradigm for diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases: peripheral exosomes of brain origin
Younas, N., Flores, L. C. F., Hopfner, F., Höglinger, G. U., & Zerr, I. (2022) · Translational Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s40035-022-00301-5 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
The Roles of Exosomal Proteins: Classification, Function, and Applications
Li, X., Yang, L.-X., Wang, C., Li, H., Shi, D., & Wang, J. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24043061 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Exosome Production Is Key to Neuronal Endosomal Pathway Integrity in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Mathews, P. M., & Levy, E. (2019) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2019.01347 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
A critical appraisal of tau‐targeting therapies for primary and secondary tauopathies
Imbimbo, B. P., Ippati, S., Watling, M., & Balducci, C. (2021) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.12453 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Sultan, S., Mottawea, W., Yeo, J., & Hammami, R. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms222313166 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
α– Linolenic acid modulates phagocytosis and endosomal pathways of extracellular Tau in microglia
Desale, S. E., & Chinnathambi, S. (2021) · Cell Adhesion & Migration · doi:10.1080/19336918.2021.1898727 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Cell Type-Specific Extracellular Vesicles and Their Impact on Health and Disease
Amin, S., Massoumi, H., Tewari, D., Roy, A. K., Chaudhuri, M., Jazayerli, C., Krishan, A., Singh, M., Soleimani, M., Karaca, E. E., et al. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25052730 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Tau-targeting therapy in Alzheimer’s disease: Critical advances and future opportunities
Guo, Y., Li, S., Zeng, L.-H., & Tan, J. (2022) · Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases · doi:10.20517/and.2022.16 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Function of exosomes in neurological disorders and brain tumors
Xiao, L., Hareendran, S., & Loh, Y. P. (2021) · Extracellular Vesicles and Circulating Nucleic Acids · doi:10.20517/evcna.2021.04 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Extracellular microvesicles promote microglia‐mediated pro‐inflammatory responses to ethanol
Crews, F. T., Zou, J., & Coleman, L. G. (2021) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.24813 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Emerging therapeutic role of gut microbial extracellular vesicles in neurological disorders
Sun, B., Sawant, H., Borthakur, A., & Bihl, J. C. (2023) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2023.1241418 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Tong, B. C., Huang, S., Wu, A. J., Iyaswamy, A., Ho, O. K.-Y., Kong, A. H.-Y., Sreenivasmurthy, S. G., Zhu, Z., Su, C.-F., Liu, J., et al. (2022) · Journal of Biomedical Science · doi:10.1186/s12929-022-00871-6 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Early- and Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease: Two Sides of the Same Coin?
Valdez-Gaxiola, C. A., Rosales-Leycegui, F., Gaxiola-Rubio, A., Moreno-Ortíz, J. M., & Figuera, L. E. (2024) · Diseases · doi:10.3390/diseases12060110 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Brain Exosomes: Friend or Foe in Alzheimer’s Disease?
Kaur, S., Verma, H., Dhiman, M., Tell, G., Gigli, G. L., Janes, F., & Mantha, A. K. (2021) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-021-02547-y · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Natale, F., Fusco, S., & Grassi, C. (2022) · Translational Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s40035-022-00326-w · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Disentangling tau: One protein, many therapeutic approaches
Lane‐Donovan, C., & Boxer, A. L. (2024) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.neurot.2024.e00321 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Mah, D., Zhao, J., Liu, X., Zhang, F., Liu, J., Wang, L., Linhardt, R. J., & Wang, C. (2021) · Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences · doi:10.3389/fmolb.2021.671458 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Extracellular vesicles: Major actors of heterogeneity in tau spreading among human tauopathies
Leroux, É., Perbet, R., Caillierez, R., Richetin, K., Lieger, S., Espourteille, J., Bouillet, T., Bégard, S., Danis, C., Loyens, A., et al. (2021) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.09.020 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Mesenchymal and Neural Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Treating Alzheimer’s Disease
Wang, H., Huber, C. C., & Li, X. (2023) · Bioengineering · doi:10.3390/bioengineering10020253 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
RNA and Protein Delivery by Cell‐Secreted and Bioengineered Extracellular Vesicles
Wang, B. Z., Luo, L. J., & Vunjak‐Novakovic, G. (2021) · Advanced Healthcare Materials · doi:10.1002/adhm.202101557 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Nicholson, S. M., Baccarelli, A., & Prada, D. (2021) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2021.112316 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
The propagation mechanisms of extracellular tau in Alzheimer’s disease
Wei, Y., Liu, M., & Wang, D. (2021) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-021-10573-y · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Bodart‐Santos, V., Pinheiro, L. S., da Silva‐Junior, A. J., Frozza, R. L., Ahrens, R., Gonçalves, R. A., Andrade, M. M., Chen, Y., Alcantara, C. D. L., Grinberg, L. T., et al. (2023) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.13134 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Syntenin-knock out reduces exosome turnover and viral transduction
Kashyap, R. S., Balzano, M., Lechat, B., Lambaerts, K., Egea-Jiménez, A. L., Lembo, F., Fares, J., Meeussen, S., Kügler, S., Roebroek, A., et al. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-81697-4 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
González-Molina, L. A., Villar-Vesga, J., Henao-Restrepo, J., Villegas, A., Lopera, F., Cardona-Gómez, G. P., & Posada-Duque, R. (2021) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2021.593927 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Increased exosome secretion in neurons aging in vitro by NPC1-mediated endosomal cholesterol buildup
Guix, F. X., Marrero, A. D., Casadomé‐Perales, Á., Palomares-Pérez, I., Castillo, I. L. D., Miguel, V., Goedeke, L., Martín, M. G., Lamas, S., Peinado, H., et al. (2021) · Life Science Alliance · doi:10.26508/lsa.202101055 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
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Hebisch, M., Klostermeier, S., Wolf, K., Boccaccini, A. R., Wolf, S. E., Tanzi, R. E., & Kim, D. Y. (2023) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202205037 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Villar-Vesga, J., Henao-Restrepo, J., Voshart, D. C., Aguillon, D., Villegas, A., Castaño, D., Arias-Londoño, J. D., Zuhorn, I. S., Ribovski, L., Barazzuol, L., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2020.587989 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Exosome nanovesicles: biomarkers and new strategies for treatment of human diseases
Xu, C. Y., Jiang, C., Li, Z., Gao, H., Xian, J., Guo, W., He, D., Peng, X., Zhou, D., & Li, D. (2024) · MedComm · doi:10.1002/mco2.660 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Chidambaram, H., & Chinnathambi, S. (2025) · Brain Network Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.bnd.2024.12.005 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Zhang, H., Lin, A., Gong, P., Chen, Y., Ye, R. D., Qian, F., Zhang, Y., & Yu, Y. (2020) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0455-20.2020 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans in Tauopathy
Zhu, Y., Gandy, L. A., Zhang, F., Liu, J., Wang, C., Blair, L. J., Linhardt, R. J., & Wang, L. (2022) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom12121792 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Longobardi, A., Nicsanu, R., Bellini, S., Squitti, R., Catania, M., Tiraboschi, P., Saraceno, C., Ferrari, C., Zanardini, R., Binetti, G. G., et al. (2022) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells11030462 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Lim, C. Z. J., Natalia, A., Sundah, N. R., & Shao, H. (2020) · Advanced Biosystems · doi:10.1002/adbi.201900309 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Neuron-derived extracellular vesicle-based diagnostics for Tau and Alzheimer’s disease
Chinnathambi, S., Kumarappan, M., Malik, S., Velmurugan, G., & Chandrashekar, M. (2025) · Brain Network Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.bnd.2024.12.006 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Alzheimer’s disease is an inherent, natural part of human brain aging: an integrated perspective
Ferrer, I. (2022) · Free Neuropathology · doi:10.17879/freeneuropathology-2022-3806 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Haizan, I., Park, D. H., Choi, M. Y., Lee, H.-R., & Choi, J. (2023) · BioChip Journal · doi:10.1007/s13206-023-00112-4 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
A noncanonical function of SKP1 regulates the switch between autophagy and unconventional secretion
Li, J., Krause, G. J., Gui, Q., Kaushik, S., Róna, G., Zhang, Q., Liang, F., Dhabaria, A., Anerillas, C., Martindale, J. L., et al. (2023) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adh1134 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Challenges associated with using extracellular vesicles as biomarkers in neurodegenerative disease
Couch, Y. (2023) · Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics · doi:10.1080/14737159.2023.2277373 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Hyperphosphorylated Tau Inflicts Intracellular Stress Responses that Are Mitigated by Apomorphine
Song, Z., Wang, K., Hagar, H. C., Chen, H., Kuan, C.-Y., Zhang, K., & Kuo, M. (2023) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-023-03689-x · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Sánchez-Castillo, A. I., Sepúlveda, M. R., Marín‐Teva, J. L., Cuadros, M. Á., Martín‐Oliva, D., González‐Rey, E., Delgado, M., & Neubrand, V. E. (2022) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom12020219 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
A Crucial Role for the Protein Quality Control System in Motor Neuron Diseases
Cristofani, R., Crippa, V., Cicardi, M. E., Tedesco, B., Ferrari, V., Chierichetti, M., Casarotto, E., Piccolella, M., Messi, E., Galbiati, M., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2020.00191 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
New progress on the role and mechanism of tau protein in Alzheimer's disease and depression
Wang, Y., Zhou, J., Zhou, Q., & Wang, H. (2025) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2025.1551273 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Numb regulates Tau levels and prevents neurodegeneration in tauopathy mouse models
Lacomme, M., Hales, S. C., Brown, T. W., Stevanovic, K., Jolicoeur, C., Cai, J., Bois, T., Desrosiers, M., Dalkara, D., & Cayouette, M. (2022) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.abm4295 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
A review on gut microbiota and miRNA crosstalk: implications for Alzheimer’s disease
Ayyanar, M. P., & Vijayan, M. (2024) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-024-01432-5 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Alyenbaawi, H., Allison, W. T., & Mok, S. (2020) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom10111487 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Amyloid pathology reduces ELP3 expression and tRNA modifications leading to impaired proteostasis
Pereira, M., Ribeiro, D. R., Berg, M., Tsai, A. P., Dong, C., Nho, K. T., Kaiser, S., Moutinho, M., & Soares, A. R. (2023) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166857 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Arc mediates intercellular tau transmission via extracellular vesicles
Tyagi, M., de Hoog, E., Grega, M., Sullivan, K. R., Walker, A., Chadha, R., Northrop, A., Fábián, B., Hummer, G., Fuxreiter, M., et al. (2026) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2026.06.008 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Astrocytes and Microglia in Alzheimer's Disease: Friends, Foes, or Both?
Sharma, A., Parekh, B. K., Patil, V., Renuka Jyothi, S., Nayak, P. P., Janney, J. B., Singh, G., & Al-Hasnaawei, S. (2025) · Developmental Neurobiology · doi:10.1002/dneu.23015 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Tau Protein Biosensors in the Diagnosis of Neurodegenerative Diseases
Sadeghzadeh, J., Shahabi, P., Farhoudi, M., Kalan, A. E., Mobed, A., & Shahpasand, K. (2022) · Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin · doi:10.34172/apb.2023.061 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
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Mimi, M. A., Sohag, S. M., Toma, S. N., & Hasan, M. M. (2025) · Future Pharmacology · doi:10.3390/futurepharmacol5030048 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
CDK5 Targeting as a Therapy for Recovering Neurovascular Unit Integrity in Alzheimer’s Disease
Posada-Duque, R. A., & Cardona-Gómez, G. P. (2021) · Journal of Alzheimer's Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-200730 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
FGFR3 drives Aβ-induced tau uptake
Kim, D. K., Suh, K. Y., Park, J., Lee, S., Han, J., Chang, S., Kim, Y., & Mook‐Jung, I. (2024) · Experimental & Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1038/s12276-024-01274-3 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
HOOK, V. Y. H., Podvin, S., Mosier, C., Boyarko, B., Demsey, L. L., Stringer, H., & Rissman, R. A. (2023) · Extracellular Vesicles and Circulating Nucleic Acids · doi:10.20517/evcna.2023.44 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
α-Linolenic acid modulates phagocytosis of extracellular Tau and induces microglial migrationPreprint
Desale, S. E., & Chinnathambi, S. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.04.15.042143 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Advancements in extracellular vesicle therapy for neurodegenerative diseases
Hu, N., Chen, L., Hu, G., & Ma, R. (2025) · Exploration of Neuroprotective Therapy · doi:10.37349/ent.2025.1004104 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
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The Adult Neurogenesis Theory of Alzheimer’s Disease
Abbate, C. (2023) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-221279 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
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Effect of Phosphorylated Tau on Cortical Pyramidal Neuron Morphology during Hibernation
Regalado-Reyes, M., Benavides‐Piccione, R., Fernaud-Espinosa, I., DeFelipe, J., & León‐Espinosa, G. (2020) · Cerebral Cortex Communications · doi:10.1093/texcom/tgaa018 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
A complete sojourn on exosomes: Potential diagnostic and therapeutic agents
Garg, S., Garg, G., Patel, P., Kumar, M., Thakur, S., Sharma, N., & Kurmi, B. D. (2024) · Pathology - Research and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.prp.2024.155674 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
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Xing, X., Liu, H., Zhang, M., & Li, Y. (2024) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2024.1485750 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Tau Seeds in Extracellular Vesicles Induce Tau Accumulation in Degradative Organelles of Cells
Pedrioli, G., Barberis, M., Magrin, C., Morone, D., Piovesana, E., Senesi, G., Sola, M., Papin, S., & Paganetti, P. (2021) · DNA and Cell Biology · doi:10.1089/dna.2021.0485 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Extracellular Vesicles Hijack the Autophagic Pathway to Induce Tau Accumulation in EndolysosomesPreprint
Pedrioli, G., Barberis, M., Molinari, M., Morone, D., Papin, S., & Paganetti, P. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.05.27.118323 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Tau seeding activity in Alzheimer's disease: Characteristics, factors, and applications
Liu, Y., Chen, Y., Chen, Z., Wan, H., & Wu, C. (2025) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.1177/13872877251378772 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Les vésicules extracellulaires
Leroux, É., Perbet, R., Buée, L., & Colin, M. (2021) · médecine/sciences · doi:10.1051/medsci/2021205 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Tau Pathology in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Vogels, T., & Hromádka, T. (2021) · Neuromethods · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-1712-0_4 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Extracellular vesicles in neurological disorders: emerging roles and underlying molecular mechanisms
Mimi, M. A., & Hasan, M. M. (2025) · Exploration of neuroscience · doi:10.37349/en.2025.1006118 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
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Inducing aggresome and stable tau aggregation in Neuro2a cells with an optogenetic tool
Sakuragi, S., Uchida, T., Kato, N., Zhao, B., Takahashi, T., Hattori, A., Sakata, Y., Soeda, Y., Takashima, A., Yoshimura, H., et al. (2024) · Biophysics and Physicobiology · doi:10.2142/biophysico.bppb-v21.0023 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Tau Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease: Bridging Molecular Mechanisms and Targeted Therapies
Dahiya, M., Yadav, M., Kumar, A., & Goyal, C. (2025) · CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/0118715273376581250626003322 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Co‐localization of tau and TDP ‐43 after extracellular vesicle delivery to cells
Aliakbari, F., Volkening, K., Nayeri, Z., Polat, A. Y., Donison, N. S., Palik, J., & Strong, M. J. (2025) · FEBS Journal · doi:10.1111/febs.70336 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
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Hwang, D. W., Suh, M., & Lee, D. S. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00054-5 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Schneeweis, A. K., & Pak, D. T. S. (2023) · The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2023.106475 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
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Parkinson’s disease and exosomes: from pathogenesis to diagnosis and treatment
Mišeikaitė, A., & Vaitkienė, P. (2021) · Neurologijos seminarai · doi:10.29014/ns.2021.11
Pereira, M., Ribeiro, D. R., Berg, M., Tsai, A. P., Nho, K. T., Kaiser, S., Moutinho, M., & Soares, A. R. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.05.02.538928
Exosomes and extracellular vesicles for neurodegenerative diseases
Dutta, S., & Hornung, S. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-28822-7.00008-8
- Authors
- Pérez, M., Avila, J., & Hernández, F.
- Affiliations
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (ES)
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Hernández, Félix
- Venue
- Frontiers in Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2019-07-02
- Volume
- 13
- Pages
- 698-698
- ISSN
- 1662-453X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6614378
- OpenAlex
- W2954942173
- Cited by
- 118
- References
- 83
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 1.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Biblos-e Archivo (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Hispana (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Comunidad de Madrid (S2017/BMD-3700, S2017/BMD)
- Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (S2017/BMD-3700)
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III (S2017/BMD-3700)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Extracellular vesicles in disease
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- tau protein, extracellular vesicles, exosomes, Alzheimer's disease, tauopathy, protein aggregation, microglia, neurofibrillary tangles, amyloid-beta, hyperphosphorylated tau, Parkinson's disease, prion disease
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