Cited by 118Alzheimer's disease research and treatmentsExtracellular vesicles in diseaseNeuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms

Propagation of Tau via Extracellular Vesicles

Open access
Pérez, Mar, Avila, Jesús, Hernández, Félix·2019·Frontiers in Neuroscience

Abstract

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), like exosomes, play a critical role in physiological processes, including synaptic transmission and nerve regeneration. However, exosomes in particular can also contribute to the development of neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease, and prion diseases. All of these disorders are characterized by protein aggregation and deposition in specific regions of the brain. Several lines of evidence indicate that protein in exosomes is released from affected neurons and propagated along neuroanatomically connected regions of the brain, thus spreading the neurodegenerative disease. Also, different cell types contribute to the progression of tauopathy, such as microglia. Several groups have reported tau release via exosomes by cultured neurons or cells overexpressing human tau. Although the exact mechanisms underlying the propagation of protein aggregates are not fully understood, recent findings have implicated EVs in this process. The AD brain has two hallmarks, namely the presence of amyloid-β-containing plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, the latter formed by hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Both amyloid peptide and tau protein are present in specific exosomes. This review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of exosomes in the pathology of AD, with a special focus on tau protein.

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Crossref · 10.3389/fnins.2019.00698

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  • Intracellular tau can be released from neurons by exocytosis, including secretion, extracellular vesicles, and neuronal death pathways.

    “It has been proposed that intracellular tau can be released from neurons by exocytosis, including secretion (free protein), extracellular vesicles (such as exosomes and ectosomes/microvesicles), and neuronal death pathways [67].”
  • Extracellular tau can be taken up by neighboring cells, both neurons and glial cells, through various pathways including phagocytosis, macropinocytosis, receptor-mediated uptake, endocytosis, and/or membrane fusion of exosomes.

    “Meanwhile, the extracellular tau can be taken up by neighboring cells, both neurons and glial cells, through various pathways, including phagocytosis [68], macropinocytosis [69], receptor-mediated uptake [67, 70], endocytosis [71], and/or membrane fusion of exosomes [72, 73].”

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Authors
Pérez, M., Avila, J., & Hernández, F.
Affiliations
  • Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (ES)
  • Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ES)
Corresponding author
Hernández, Félix
Venue
Frontiers in Neuroscience
Published
2019-07-02
Volume
13
Pages
698-698
ISSN
1662-453X (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2954942173
Cited by
118
References
83
Citations by year
2026: 14 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 2
FWCI
1.62
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Frontiers in Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Biblos-e Archivo (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Hispana (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Comunidad de Madrid (S2017/BMD-3700, S2017/BMD)
  • Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades
  • Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (S2017/BMD-3700)
  • Instituto de Salud Carlos III (S2017/BMD-3700)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Extracellular vesicles in disease
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
Keywords
tau protein, extracellular vesicles, exosomes, Alzheimer's disease, tauopathy, protein aggregation, microglia, neurofibrillary tangles, amyloid-beta, hyperphosphorylated tau, Parkinson's disease, prion disease

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