Somatostatin, Olfaction, and Neurodegeneration
Open accessAbstract
Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases are the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders in aging. Hyposmia has been described as an early symptom that can precede cognitive and motor deficits by decades. Certain regions within the olfactory system, such as the anterior olfactory nucleus, display the neuropathological markers tau and amyloid-β or α-synuclein from the earliest stages of disease progression in a preferential manner. Specific neuronal subpopulations, namely those expressing somatostatin (SST), are preferentially affected throughout the olfactory and limbic systems. SST is a neuropeptide present in a subpopulation of GABAergic interneurons throughout the brain and its main function is to inhibit principal neurons and/or other interneurons. It has been reported that SST expression is reduced by 50% in Alzheimer's disease and that it is related to the formation of Aβ oligomers. The mechanisms underlying the preferential vulnerability of SST-expressing neurons in Alzheimer's disease (and, to a minor extent, in Parkinson's disease) are not known but analysis of the available data could shed light on their etiology. This short review aims to update the knowledge of functional features of somatostatin within the olfactory system and its role in olfactory deficits during neurodegeneration.
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The expression of SST and KCNIP1 is reduced in the brains of individuals with AD, and downregulation of these two genes has been implicated in mediating the formation of Aβ oligomers.
“The expression of SST (61) and KCNIP1 (62) is reduced in the brains of individuals with AD, and downregulation of these two genes has been implicated in mediating the formation of Aβ oligomers.”
From Modeling late-onset Alzheimer’s disease neuropathology via direct neuronal reprogramming (2024) · cites this paper as [61]
The 'Somatostatin and Alzheimer’s Disease' section reports reduced SST in AD and says SST can encourage Aβ oligomer formation. It does not say that SST downregulation mediates oligomer formation. KCNIP1 is attached to a different citation in the citing sentence, so it is not assessed against this source. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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- Authors
- Saiz-Sanchez, D., Ubeda-Bañon, I., Flores-Cuadrado, A., Gonzalez-Rodriguez, M., Villar-Conde, S., Astillero-Lopez, V., & Martinez-Marcos, A.
- Venue
- Frontiers in Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2020-02-19
- Volume
- 14
- Pages
- 96-96
- ISSN
- 1662-453X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7042373
- OpenAlex
- W3008187938
- Cited by
- 32
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4
- FWCI
- 0.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- RUIdeRA - Institutional University Repository (University of Castilla-La Mancha) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha
- Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de España
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Sensory Systems › Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Keywords
- somatostatin, olfaction, hyposmia, neurodegeneration, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, olfactory system, anterior olfactory nucleus, GABAergic interneurons, tau protein, amyloid-beta, alpha-synuclein, amyloid-beta oligomers, neuronal vulnerability
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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