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Prion-like Properties of Pathological TDP-43 Aggregates from Diseased Brains

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Concordance between the assessment of Aβ42, T‐tau, and P‐T181‐tau in peripheral blood neuronal‐derived exosomes and cerebrospinal fluid

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Neuropathological Staging of Brain Pathology in Sporadic Parkinson’s disease: Separating the Wheat from the Chaff

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High complement levels in astrocyte‐derived exosomes of Alzheimer disease

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Cerebrospinal fluid levels of the synaptic protein neurogranin correlates with cognitive decline in prodromal Alzheimer's disease

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Serum neuronal exosomes predict and differentiate Parkinson’s disease from atypical parkinsonism

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microRNA-155 Regulates Alpha-Synuclein-Induced Inflammatory Responses in Models of Parkinson Disease

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miR-212 and miR-132 Are Downregulated in Neurally Derived Plasma Exosomes of Alzheimer’s Patients

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Detection of Aggregation-Competent Tau in Neuron-Derived Extracellular Vesicles

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A longitudinal study on α‐synuclein in plasma neuronal exosomes as a biomarker for Parkinson’s disease development and progression

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Increased DJ-1 and α-Synuclein in Plasma Neural-Derived Exosomes as Potential Markers for Parkinson’s Disease

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α-Synuclein in blood exosomes immunoprecipitated using neuronal and oligodendroglial markers distinguishes Parkinson’s disease from multiple system atrophy

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SNAP-25 in Serum Is Carried by Exosomes of Neuronal Origin and Is a Potential Biomarker of Alzheimer’s Disease

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Quantification of brain-derived extracellular vesicles in plasma as a biomarker to diagnose Parkinson's and related diseases

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Validation of α‐Synuclein in L1CAM ‐Immunocaptured Exosomes as a Biomarker for the Stratification of Parkinsonian Syndromes

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Neurogranin, a synaptic protein, is associated with memory independent of Alzheimer biomarkers

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Complement protein levels in plasma astrocyte‐derived exosomes are abnormal in conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease dementia

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Insulin receptor substrate in brain-enriched exosomes in subjects with major depression: on the path of creation of biosignatures of central insulin resistance

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MiRNA Profiling in Plasma Neural-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles from Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease

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Abnormal levels of mitochondrial proteins in plasma neuronal extracellular vesicles in major depressive disorder

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Reduced oligodendrocyte exosome secretion in multiple system atrophy involves SNARE dysfunction

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Neuron-derived extracellular vesicles enriched from plasma show altered size and miRNA cargo as a function of antidepressant drug response

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Oligomeric α-Syn and SNARE complex proteins in peripheral extracellular vesicles of neural origin are biomarkers for Parkinson's disease

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Serum Tau Proteins as Potential Biomarkers for the Assessment of Alzheimer’s Disease Progression

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Long Noncoding RNA POU3F3 and α-Synuclein in Plasma L1CAM Exosomes Combined with β-Glucocerebrosidase Activity: Potential Predictors of Parkinson's Disease

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The genetic source tracking of human urinary exosomes

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Facile Impedimetric Analysis of Neuronal Exosome Markers in Parkinson’s Disease Diagnostics

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Plasma neuronal exosomal levels of Alzheimer's disease biomarkers in normal aging

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Increased prediction value of biomarker combinations for the conversion of mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer’s dementia

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Exosome Transplantation From Patients With Schizophrenia Causes Schizophrenia-Relevant Behaviors in Mice: An Integrative Multi-omics Data Analysis

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Proteome profiling of neuron-derived exosomes in Alzheimer's disease reveals hemoglobin as a potential biomarker

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Elevated matrix metalloproteinase‐9 levels in neuronal extracellular vesicles in Alzheimer’s disease

Gu, D., Liu, F., Meng, M., Zhang, L., Gordon, M. L., Wang, Y., Cai, L., & Zhang, N. (2020) · Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology · doi:10.1002/acn3.51155 · Cited by 58 · see citing works

Exploring brain insulin resistance in adults with bipolar depression using extracellular vesicles of neuronal origin

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Proteomics Profiling of Neuron-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles from Human Plasma: Enabling Single-Subject Analysis

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Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone Modulation of Neuronal Exosome Biomarkers in Mild Cognitive Impairment

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Role of CNPase in the oligodendrocytic extracellular 2′,3′-cAMP-adenosine pathway

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Insulin-signaling abnormalities in drug-naïve first-episode schizophrenia: Transduction protein analyses in extracellular vesicles of putative neuronal origin

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Deficient neurotrophic factors of CSPG4‐type neural cell exosomes in Alzheimer disease

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Neural cell‐derived plasma exosome protein abnormalities implicate mitochondrial impairment in first episodes of psychosis

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Neuron Cell Type-specific SNAP-25 Expression Driven by Multiple Regulatory Elements in the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

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Small Extracellular Vesicles from Peripheral Blood of Aged Mice Pass the Blood-Brain Barrier and Induce Glial Cell Activation

Prieto, D. M. M., Murrieta-Coxca, J. M., Stojiljkovic, M. R., Diezel, C., Streicher, P. E., Henao-Restrepo, J. A., Röstel, F., Lindner, J., Witte, O. W., Weis, S., et al. (2022) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells11040625 · Cited by 40 · see citing works

Plasma Levels of Neuron- and Astrocyte-Derived Exosomal Amyloid Beta1-42, Amyloid Beta1-40, and Phosphorylated Tau Levels in Schizophrenia Patients and Non-psychiatric Comparison Subjects: Relationships With Cognitive Functioning and Psychopathology

Lee, E., Winston-Gray, C., Barlow, J. W., Rissman, R. A., & Jeste, D. V. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.532624 · Cited by 39 · see citing works

Blood Neuroexosomal Mitochondrial Proteins Predict Alzheimer Disease in Diabetes

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Altered Insulin Receptor Substrate 1 Phosphorylation in Blood Neuron-Derived Extracellular Vesicles From Patients With Parkinson’s Disease

Chou, S., Chan, L., Chung, C., Chiu, J.-Y., Hsieh, Y., & Hong, C. (2020) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2020.564641 · Cited by 37 · see citing works

Decreased mitochondrial electron transport proteins and increased complement mediators in plasma neural-derived exosomes of early psychosis

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TGF-β1 affects cell-cell adhesion in the heart in an NCAM1-dependent mechanism

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The immunoreactivity of glial fibrillary acidic protein in mesangial cells and podocytes of the glomeruli of rat kidney in vivo and in culture

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Human Brain Disorders: A Review

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Discovery of Novel Markers for Identifying Cognitive Decline Using Neuron-Derived Exosomes

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Review on the roles of specific cell-derived exosomes in Alzheimer's disease

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Neural extracellular vesicle-derived miR-17 in blood as a potential biomarker of subthreshold depression

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Expression Profiles of AQP3 and AQP4 in Lung Adenocarcinoma Samples Generated via Bronchoscopic Biopsies

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Glutamate drives ‘local Ca2+ release’ in cardiac pacemaker cells

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Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis: An Effective Tool to Characterize Extracellular Vesicles

Kowkabany, G., & Bao, Y. (2024) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules29194672 · Cited by 115 · see citing works

Extracellular Vesicles for Clinical Diagnostics: From Bulk Measurements to Single-Vesicle Analysis

Tran, H. L., Zheng, W., Issadore, D., Im, H., Cho, Y., Zhang, Y., Liu, D., Liu, Y., Li, B., Liu, F., et al. (2025) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.5c00706 · Cited by 112 · see citing works

CNS cell-derived exosome signatures as blood-based biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases

Park, C., Weerakkody, J. S., Schneider, R., Miao, S., & Pitt, D. (2024) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2024.1426700 · Cited by 31 · see citing works

Extracellular vesicles as nanotheranostic platforms for targeted neurological disorder interventions

Choi, H. K., Chen, M., Goldston, L. L., & Lee, K.-B. (2024) · Nano Convergence · doi:10.1186/s40580-024-00426-5 · Cited by 26 · see citing works

Neuron-derived extracellular vesicle-based diagnostics for Tau and Alzheimer’s disease

Chinnathambi, S., Kumarappan, M., Malik, S., Velmurugan, G., & Chandrashekar, M. (2025) · Brain Network Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.bnd.2024.12.006 · Cited by 21 · see citing works

MicroRNAs as Regulators, Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Targets in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Yao, T.-T., Chen, L., Du, Y., Jiang, Z., & Cheng, Y. (2024) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-024-04582-x · Cited by 21 · see citing works

Bridging metabolic syndrome and cognitive dysfunction: role of astrocytes

Li, Z., Jiang, Y., Long, C., Peng, X., Tao, J., Pu, Y., & Yue, R. (2024) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2024.1393253 · Cited by 21 · see citing works

Neuron‐Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Emerging Biomarkers and Functional Mediators in Alzheimer's Disease, With Comparative Insights Into Neurodevelopment and Aging

Gonul, C. P., Karaçiçek, B., & Genç, Ş. (2025) · Developmental Neurobiology · doi:10.1002/dneu.22984 · Cited by 17 · see citing works

Unveiling the Emerging Role of Extracellular Vesicle–Inflammasomes in Hyperoxia-Induced Neonatal Lung and Brain Injury

Young, K., Benny, M., Schmidt, A. F., & Wu, S. (2024) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells13242094 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Human MAPT knockin mouse models of frontotemporal dementia for the neurodegenerative research community

Morito, T., Qi, M., Kamano, N., Sasaguri, H., Bez, S., Foiani, M. S., Duff, K., Benner, S., Endo, T., Hama, H., et al. (2025) · Cell Reports Methods · doi:10.1016/j.crmeth.2025.101024 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

The emerging role of extracellular vesicles in the diagnosis and treatment of autism spectrum disorders

Lei, X., Xie, X., Yang, J., & Li, Y. (2024) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115954 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Brain-Derived Exosomes in Neurodevelopmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Molecular Insights, Therapeutic Potential, and Translational Challenges

Nikanfar, M., Avci, Ç. B., Khalilnezhad, A., Shahriyari, E., & Nourazarian, A. (2025) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-025-05247-z · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Extracellular vesicles as precision therapeutics for psychiatric conditions: targeting interactions among neuronal, glial, and immune networks

Kawiková, I., Špička, V., Lai, J. C. K., Askenase, P. W., Li, W., Kejík, Z., Jakubek, M., Valeš, K., & Španiel, F. (2025) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1454306 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Update on the roles and applications of extracellular vesicles in depression

Wu, J., Lu, J. L., Pan, M.-Z., Gu, X., Dai, L., Wang, Y., Shen, B., & Zhang, X.-B. (2025) · World Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.5498/wjp.v15.i3.102643 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

WHITE MATTER MATTERS: New Approach to the Brain’s Hidden Half Using Circulating Oligodendrocyte-Derived Extracellular Vesicles

Mitsuhashi, M., Epps, D. V., Sun, H., Xing, L., Kawata, K., Jiménez, V., Williams, V. B., Sasannejad, C., James, M. L., Edwardson, M. A., et al. (2025) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells14221771 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Distinct microRNA profiles in neuron-derived extracellular vesicles between recent-onset and chronic-phase schizophrenia

Tomita, Y., Toriumi, K., Miyashita, M., Suzuki, K., Kawaji, H., Itokawa, M., & Arai, M. (2025) · Schizophrenia · doi:10.1038/s41537-025-00706-x · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Aquaporin-4 positive extracellular vesicles and cytokines in cerebrospinal fluid in schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive disorder, and associations with peripheral cytokines

Humble, M. B., Mobarrez, F., Eklund, D., Bejerot, S., & Wetterberg, L. (2025) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2025.08.006 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Alzheimer’s Disease-Associated Molecular Abnormalities in White Matter Glia and Related Pathologies Detected in Unfractionated and O4-Selected Serum Exosomes Using a Liquid Biopsy Approach

de la Monte, S. M., & Tong, M. (2026) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines14010251 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Age-dependent effects of fibroblast-derived exosomes on keratinocyte differentiation

Rorteau, J., Béchetoille, N., & Lamartine, J. (2026) · Biogerontology · doi:10.1007/s10522-026-10406-3 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Glia cell-derived extracellular vesicles as modulators in spinal cord injury repair

Millesi, F., Millesi, E., Haertinger, M., Steinwenter, S., Rührnößl, A., Naghilou, A., & Radtke, C. (2026) · Spinal Cord · doi:10.1038/s41393-026-01231-z · Cited by 2 · see citing works

MiRNAs and extracellular vesicles in psychiatry: Potential biomarkers, therapeutic advances, and animal models

Miquel-Rio, L., Anmella, G., & Bortolozzi, A. A. (2025) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2024.12.011 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Microglia modulate concussion biomarkers and cognitive recovery in male mice

Anderson, E. D., Augustin, D. V., Georges, A. P., Kim, T., Issadore, D., & Meaney, D. F. (2026) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-026-03999-6 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Single MAPT knock-in mouse models of frontotemporal dementia for sharing with the neurodegenerative research communityPreprint

Morito, T., Qi, M., Kamano, N., Sasaguri, H., Bez, S., Foiani, M. S., Duff, K., Benner, S., Endo, T., Hama, H., et al. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.11.15.623736 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Surface Problem: Unveiling Extracellular Vesicles Surface Markers and Their Implications for Central Nervous System Diseases’ Diagnosis and Treatment

Gruzdev, S., & Yakovlev, A. A. (2025) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-025-05487-z · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Incretin-Related Pathology and Serum Exosome Detection in Experimental Alcohol-Related Brain Damage

de la Monte, S. M., Tong, M., & Yang, Y. (2025) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom15121670 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Source-Specific Extracellular Vesicle Functions and Engineering Strategies for Chronic Pain Management: A Comprehensive Review

Yao, C., Yu, J., Xie, D., Zhang, S., Tao, J., Kong, L., Fang, L., Zhu, Q., & Fang, M. (2026) · International Journal of Nanomedicine · doi:10.2147/ijn.s598699 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Instability in sleep architecture and intermittent hypoxia underlie cognitive impairment in patients with obstructive sleep apnea

Sun, Z., Shen, T., Li, M., Li, Z., & Zhang, J. (2026) · Sleep And Breathing · doi:10.1007/s11325-026-03671-6 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Extracellular Vesicles in Depression

Karaçiçek, B., Ceylan, D., Çelik, H. E. A., & Genç, Ş. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-32035-4_34-1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Characterization of RNA cargo from extracellular vesicles obtained from cerebrospinal fluid and plasma samples in schizophrenia participants and healthy volunteersPreprint

Gallego, J. A., Palade, J., Alsop, E. B., Hutchins, E. D., Hsieh, M., Logerman, A., Bilagody, C., Reiman, R. A., Meechoovet, B., Terraf, P., et al. (2025) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2025.01.31.25321299

Extracellular Vesicles in Depression

Karaçiçek, B., Ceylan, D., Arat-Çelik, H. E., & Genç, Ş. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-73368-0_34

Translational potential of RNA biomarkers in mental health: A narrative review

Lim, E. C. N., & Lim, C. E. D. (2025) · NeuroMarkers. · doi:10.1016/j.neumar.2025.100127

MicroRNA-7: a versatile player and core target in brain disorders

Deng, J., Li, D., Li, Z., Pan, Y., & Xiong, J. (2026) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-026-08313-9

Extracellular Vesicle Translational Research

Hardenia, A., Zahiri, M., Afkhami, H., Bagheri, M. S., Reza, M. A. S., Yang, P., & Sheykhhasan, M. (2026) · Molecular and translational medicine · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-23810-8_13

Biomarkers of the blood–brain barrier and the neurovascular unit and their relationship with cognitive decline and cognitive frailty

Rodríguez-Callejas, J. D., Mimenza-Alvarado, A. J., Lomas‐Soria, C., & Aguilar-Navarro, S. G. (2026) · Revista de investigaci�n Cl�nica · doi:10.1016/j.ric.2026.100056

Extracellular vesicles in neurodegenerative diseases: A new frontier in diagnosis and therapy

Mohammad, S. I., Vasudevan, A., Oriquat, G., Gajjar, T. B., Hanumanthayya, M., Shukla, S. K., Tailor, N. K., Baig, M. R., Fadaam, O., & Abdul, A. S. (2026) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2026.116455

Utility of extracellular vesicles in the diagnosis of central nervous system diseases

Wang, M., 杨俊文, Gao, C., Qu, S., Mi, H., Guo, Y., Gui, T., & Gai, Z. (2026) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2026.1959745

Extracellular vesicles in neurodegenerative, mental, and other neurological disorders: Perspectives into mechanisms, biomarker potential, and therapeutic implications

Kajitani, G. S., Xavier, G., Villena-Rueda, B. E., Karia, B. T. R., & Santoro, M. L. (2024) · Current topics in membranes · doi:10.1016/bs.ctm.2024.06.002 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Extracellular vesicle approach to major psychiatric disorders

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Emergence of Extracellular Vesicles as “Liquid Biopsy” for Neurological Disorders: Boom or Bust

Kumar, A., Nader, M. A., & Deep, G. (2024) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pharmrev.122.000788 · Cited by 79 · see citing works

Brain‐derived extracellular vesicles: Potential diagnostic biomarkers for central nervous system diseases

Xu, X., Iqbal, Z., Xu, L., Wen, C., Duan, L., Xia, J., Yang, N., Zhang, Y., & Liang, Y. (2024) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/pcn.13610 · Cited by 68 · see citing works

Smart Nanoscale Extracellular Vesicles in the Brain: Unveiling their Biology, Diagnostic Potential, and Therapeutic Applications

Onkar, A., Khan, F., Goenka, A., Rajendran, R. L., Dmello, C., Hong, C. M., Mubin, N., Gangadaran, P., & Ahn, B. (2024) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.3c16839 · Cited by 24 · see citing works