Efflux pump proteins in antifungal resistance
Open accessAbstract
It is now well-known that the enhanced expression of ATP binding cassette (ABC) and major facilitator superfamily (MFS) proteins contribute to the development of tolerance to antifungals in yeasts. For example, the azole resistant clinical isolates of the opportunistic human fungal pathogen Candida albicans show an overexpression of Cdr1p and/or CaMdr1p belonging to ABC and MFS superfamilies, respectively. Hence, azole resistant isolates display reduced accumulation of therapeutic drug due to its rapid extrusion and that facilitates its survival. Considering the importance of major antifungal transporters, the focus of recent research has been to understand the structure and function of these proteins to design inhibitors/modulators to block the pump protein activity so that the drug already in use could again sensitize resistant yeast cells. The review focuses on the structure and function of ABC and MFS transporters of Candida to highlight the recent advancement in the field.
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Nile red is a known substrate for the two major membrane transporters (ABC and MFS), which have been reported as major contributors to azole resistance in Candida.
“Nile red is a known substrate for the two major membrane transporters (ABC and MFS) which have been reported as major contributors to azole resistance in Candida51–53.”
From Repurposing approach identifies pitavastatin as a potent azole chemosensitizing agent effective against azole-resistant Candida species (2020) · cites this paper as [51]
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- Authors
- Prasad, R., & Rawal, M. K.
- Affiliations
- Jawaharlal Nehru University (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Prasad, Rajendra
- ORCID
- Prasad, Rajendra
- Venue
- Frontiers in Pharmacology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2014-08-29
- Volume
- 5
- Pages
- 202-202
- ISSN
- 1663-9812 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4148622
- OpenAlex
- W2101112015
- Cited by
- 173
- References
- 72
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 12
- FWCI
- 1.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Frontiers in Pharmacology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Fungal and yeast genetics research
- Keywords
- efflux pumps, antifungal resistance, Candida albicans, ABC transporters, major facilitator superfamily, azole resistance, Cdr1p, yeast
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