Cited by 66Autophagy in Disease and TherapyMitochondrial Function and PathologyCardiac Ischemia and Reperfusion

Mitochondrial Quality Control in Aging and Heart Failure: Influence of Ketone Bodies and Mitofusin-Stabilizing Peptides

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Thai, Phung N., Seidlmayer, Lea K., Miller, Charles, Ferrero, Maura, Dorn, Gerald W., Schaefer, Saul, Bers, Donald M., Dedkova, Elena N.·2019·Frontiers in Physiology

Abstract

Aim: Mitochondrial function declines with age, and progressive mitochondrial damage may impair cellular function and contribute to heart failure (HF) development. Proper removal of damaged mitochondria (mitophagy) is essential for cardiovascular health, and is affected by metabolic substrates and nutrient depriviation. HF has metabolic similarities to starvation where increased formation and consumption of ketone bodies (KBs) is observed. Here, we tested the hypothesis that KBs contribute to activation of mitophagy in aging and HF. Methods: We assessed mitophagy by measuring mitochondrial Parkin accumulation and LC3-mediated autophagosome formation in cardiomyocytes from young (2.5 months), aged (2.5 years) and rabbits with HF (2.5 years) induced by aortic insufficiency and stenosis. Levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and redox balance were monitored using genetically encoded sensors ORP1-roGFP and GRX1-roGFP, targeted to mitochondrial or cytosolic compartments. Results: Young rabbits exhibited limited mitochondrial Parkin accumulation with small (~1 µm2) puncta. Those small Parkin puncta increased 4-fold in aged rabbit hearts, accompanied by elevated LC3-mediated autophagosome formation. HF hearts exhibited fewer small puncta, but many very large Parkin-rich regions (4-5 µm2) with completely depolarized mitochondria. Parkin protein expresson was barely detectable in young, much higher in aged and maximal in HF hearts. Mitofusin 2 (MFN2) expression was reduced by almost 50% in HF, consistent with improper fusion-fission contributing to mitochondrial Parkin build-up. The ketone body β–hydroxybutyrate (β-OHB) enhanced mitophagic flux in young and aging myocytes, but not in HF where β-OHB further increased the number of cells with giant Parkin-rich fusions. This β-OHB effect on Parkin-rich areas was prevented by cell-permeant TAT-MP1Gly peptide (thought to promote MFN2-dependent fusion). Mitochondrial ROS was highest in HF and partially decreased by β-OHB. However, basal cytosolic ROS was highest in aged myocytes and lower in HF (but β-OHB partially restored ROS). We suggest that basal cytosolic ROS could serve as a signal to activate Parkin recruitment to the mitochondria. Conclusion: We conclude that elevated ketone body levels are beneficial for mitochondrial repair in the aging heart. However impaired MFN2-mediated fusion-fission process in HF reduces this benefit, as well as Parkin degradation and mitophagic flux.

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Crossref · 10.3389/fphys.2019.00382

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  • β-hydroxybutyrate induces mitophagy in young and aged myocytes.

    “Interestingly, the ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate, which is elevated during nutritional ketosis, was shown to induce mitophagy in young and aged myocytes [175] and elicits favorable mitochondrial adaptations in myocytes [176].”

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  1. Flurkey K. Currer J. M. Harrison D. E. (2007). The mouse in aging research. (New York, NY: Elsevier).

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Authors
Thai, P. N., Seidlmayer, L. K., Miller, C., Ferrero, M., Dorn, G. W., Schaefer, S., Bers, D. M., & Dedkova, E. N.
Affiliations
  • University of California, Davis (US)
  • University of Würzburg (DE)
  • Washington University in St. Louis (US)
  • VA Northern California Health Care System (US)
Corresponding author
Dedkova, Elena N.
Venue
Frontiers in Physiology
Published
2019-04-10
Volume
10
Pages
382-382
ISSN
1664-042X (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2938665757
Cited by
66
References
75
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 1
FWCI
6.63
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Frontiers in Physiology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Digital Commons@Becker (Washington University School of Medicine) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
  • Online Publication Service of Würzburg University (Würzburg University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
  • American Heart Association (15GRNT25090220)
  • UC Davis (181031)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Cardiac Ischemia and Reperfusion
Keywords
mitochondrial quality control, mitophagy, heart failure, aging, ketone bodies, beta-hydroxybutyrate, mitofusin 2, Parkin, mitochondrial fission and fusion, cardiomyocytes, reactive oxygen species, autophagy, aortic stenosis, aortic regurgitation, mitochondrial depolarization, redox homeostasis

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