Detection and Identification of Genome Editing in Plants: Challenges and Opportunities
Open accessAbstract
Conventional genetic engineering techniques generate modifications in the genome via stable integration of DNA elements which do not occur naturally in this combination. Therefore, the resulting organisms and (most) products thereof can unambiguously be identified with event-specific PCR-based methods targeting the insertion site. New breeding techniques such as genome editing diversify the toolbox to generate genetic variability in plants. Several of these techniques can introduce single nucleotide changes without integrating foreign DNA and thereby generate organisms with intended phenotypes. Consequently, such organisms and products thereof might be indistinguishable from naturally occurring or conventionally bred counterparts with established analytical tools. The modifications can entirely resemble random mutations regardless of being spontaneous or induced chemically or via irradiation. Therefore, if an identification of these organisms or products thereof is demanded, a new challenge will arise for (official) seed, food and feed testing laboratories and enforcement institutions. For detailed consideration, we distinguish between the detection of sequence alterations - regardless of their origin - the identification of the process that generated a specific modification and the identification of a genotype, i.e., an organism produced by genome editing carrying a specific genetic alteration in a known background. This article briefly reviews the existing and upcoming detection and identification strategies (including the use of bioinformatics and statistical approaches) in particular for plants developed with genome editing techniques.
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SDN-2 and SDN-3 rely on homology-directed repair (HDR) in which a template DNA sequence is used.
“SDN-2 and SDN-3 rely on homology-directed repair (HDR) in which a template DNA sequence is used (Grohmann et al., 2019).”
From Genetic resources and precise gene editing for targeted improvement of barley abiotic stress tolerance (2023) · cites this paper as Grohmann et al., 2019
SDN-1 products rely on a non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway to introduce a few base insertions or deletions.
“SDN-1 products rely on a non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway to introduce a few base insertions or deletions.”
From Genetic resources and precise gene editing for targeted improvement of barley abiotic stress tolerance (2023) · cites this paper as Grohmann et al., 2019
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- Authors
- Grohmann, L., Keilwagen, J., Duensing, N., Dagand, E., Hartung, F., Wilhelm, R., Bendiek, J., & Sprink, T.
- Affiliations
- Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety (DE)
- Julius Kühn-Institut (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Grohmann, Lutz
- Venue
- Frontiers in Plant Science
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2019-03-12
- Volume
- 10
- Pages
- 236-236
- ISSN
- 1664-462X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6423494
- OpenAlex
- W2922011937
- Cited by
- 135
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 8
- FWCI
- 12.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Plant Science (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- OpenAgrar (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Genetically Modified Organisms Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Identification and Quantification in Food
- Keywords
- genome editing, plants, GMO detection, bioinformatics, statistical approach, regulatory enforcement
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