Therapeutic Alliance and Outcome of Psychotherapy: Historical Excursus, Measurements, and Prospects for Research

Ardito, Rita B.; Rabellino, Daniela

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00270

Cited by 647Psychotherapy Techniques and ApplicationsPsychoanalysis and Psychopathology ResearchCounseling Practices and Supervision

Therapeutic Alliance and Outcome of Psychotherapy: Historical Excursus, Measurements, and Prospects for Research

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Ardito, Rita B., Rabellino, Daniela·2011·Frontiers in Psychology

DOI 10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00270PMC PMC3198542

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Abstract

This paper proposes a historical excursus of studies that have investigated the therapeutic alliance and the relationship between this dimension and outcome in psychotherapy. A summary of how the concept of alliance has evolved over time and the more popular alliance measures used in literature to assess the level of alliance are presented. The proposal of a therapeutic alliance characterized by a variable pattern over the course of treatment is also examined. The emerging picture suggests that the quality of the client-therapist alliance is a reliable predictor of positive clinical outcome independent of the variety of psychotherapy approaches and outcome measures. In our opinion, with regard to the relationship between the therapeutic alliance and outcome of psychotherapy, future research should pay special attention to the comparison between patients' and therapists' assessments of the therapeutic alliance. This topic, along with a detailed examination of the relationship between the psychological disorder being treated and the therapeutic alliance, will be the subject of future research projects.

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The quality of the therapeutic alliance is contingent on the perceived quality of the interaction.
“Research findings also demonstrate that the quality of the therapeutic alliance is contingent on the perceived quality of the interaction and, therefore, implementing responsive dialogue support features within digital interventions should be a consideration in fostering a digital therapeutic alliance [133].”
From The therapeutic alliance in digital mental health interventions for serious mental illnesses: narrative review (2020) · cites this paper as [133]
Client-derived ratings of the therapeutic alliance have been associated with positive outcomes in face-to-face therapy irrespective of the type of psychological treatment, study design, and outcome measure used.
“client-derived ratings of the therapeutic alliance have been associated with positive outcomes in face-to-face therapy irrespective of the type of psychological treatment, study design, and outcome measure used [8,9].”
From Therapeutic alliance with a fully automated mobile phone and web-based intervention: secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial (2016) · cites this paper as [8]

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Chatbots and Conversational Agents in Mental Health: A Review of the Psychiatric Landscape
Vaidyam, A. N., Wisniewski, H., Halamka, J. D., Kashavan, M. S., & Torous, J. B. (2019) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0706743719828977 · Cited by 1,048 · see citing works
Synchrony in Psychotherapy: A Review and an Integrative Framework for the Therapeutic Alliance
Koole, S. L., & Tschacher, W. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00862 · Cited by 456 · see citing works
“Although cognitive-behavioral therapists have regarded a good alliance as a precondition for psychotherapy, most of them do not regard the alliance as directly curative.”
Background
Cognitive and affective Theory of Mind in neurodegenerative diseases: Neuropsychological, neuroanatomical and neurochemical levels
Poletti, M., Enrici, I., & Adenzato, M. (2012) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.07.004 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Characteristics of therapeutic alliance in musculoskeletal physiotherapy and occupational therapy practice: a scoping review of the literature
Babatunde, F. O., MacDermid, J. C., & MacIntyre, N. J. (2017) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-017-2311-3 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Effects of Psychological and Psychosocial Interventions on Sport Performance: A Meta-Analysis
Brown, D. J. W., & Fletcher, D. (2016) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-016-0552-7 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Engaging men in psychological treatment: a scoping review
Seidler, Z. E., Rice, S. M., Ogrodniczuk, J. S., Oliffe, J. L., & Dhillon, H. M. (2018) · American Journal of Men s Health · doi:10.1177/1557988318792157 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
The therapeutic alliance in digital mental health interventions for serious mental illnesses: narrative review
Tremain, H., McEnery, C., Fletcher, K., & Murray, G. (2020) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/17204 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Current perspectives on psychedelic therapy: use of serotonergic hallucinogens in clinical interventions
Garcia‐Romeu, A., & Richards, W. A. (2018) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/09540261.2018.1486289 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Effectiveness of dance movement therapy in the treatment of adults with depression: a systematic review with meta-analyses
Karkou, V., Aithal, S., Zubala, A., & Meekums, B. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00936 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Digital mental health apps and the therapeutic alliance: initial review
Henson, P., Wisniewski, H., Hollis, C., Keshavan, M., & Torous, J. (2019) · BJPsych Open · doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.86 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Celebrating variability and a call to limit systematisation: the example of the Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy and the Behaviour Change Wheel
Ogden, J. (2016) · Health Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/17437199.2016.1190291 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Long-term follow-up outcomes of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: a longitudinal pooled analysis of six phase 2 trials
Jerome, L., Feduccia, A. A., Wang, J. B., Hamilton, S., Yazar-Klosinski, B., Emerson, A., Mithoefer, M. C., & Doblin, R. (2020) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-020-05548-2 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Retracted
AI chatbots cannot replace human interactions in the pursuit of more inclusive mental healthcare
Brown, J. E. H., & Halpern, J. (2021) · SSM - Mental Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmmh.2021.100017 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Therapeutic alliance facilitates adherence to physiotherapy-led exercise and physical activity for older adults with knee pain: A longitudinal qualitative study
Moore, A. J., Holden, M. A., Foster, N. E., & Jinks, C. (2020) · Journal of Physiotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.jphys.2019.11.004 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Rapport-building with cooperative witnesses and criminal suspects: A theoretical and empirical review.
Vallano, J. P., & Compo, N. S. (2015) · Psychology Public Policy and Law · doi:10.1037/law0000035 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
The effect of body dissatisfaction on disordered eating: The mediating role of self-esteem and negative affect in male and female adolescents
Cruz-Sáez, S., Pascual, A., Włodarczyk, A., & Echeburúa, E. (2018) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105317748734 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Patients’ Perspective of Medication Adherence in Chronic Conditions: A Qualitative Study
Pagès‐Puigdemont, N., Mangues, M. A., Masip, M., Gabriele, G., Maldonado, L. F., Alias, S. B., & Tuneu, L. (2016) · Advances in Therapy · doi:10.1007/s12325-016-0394-6 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Trust and acceptance of a virtual psychiatric interview between embodied conversational agents and outpatients
Philip, P., Dupuy, L., Auriacombe, M., Serre, F., de Sevin, É., Sauteraud, A., & Micoulaud‐Franchi, J. (2020) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-019-0213-y · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Does the Digital Therapeutic Alliance Exist? Integrative Review
Malouin-Lachance, A., Capolupo, J., Laplante, C., & Hudon, A. (2025) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/69294 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Therapeutic alliance with a fully automated mobile phone and web-based intervention: secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial
Clarke, J., Proudfoot, J., Whitton, A., Birch, M.-R., Boyd, M., Parker, G., Manicavasagar, V., Hadzi-Pavlovic, D., & Fogarty, A. (2016) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/mental.4656 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
A Psychosocial Approach to Erectile Dysfunction: Position Statements from the European Society of Sexual Medicine (ESSM)
Dewitte, M., Bettocchi, C., Carvalho, J., Corona, G., Flink, I., Limoncin, E., Pascoal, P., Reisman, Y., & Van Lankveld, J. (2021) · Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.esxm.2021.100434 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
“121 Psychological treatment programs commonly include the following components: psychoeducation; anxiety reduction and desensitization; cognitive therapy and sexual fantasy training; increasing sexual stimulation; and couple interventions.”
Background
Physical activity and prevention of mental health complications: An umbrella review
Rahmati, M., Lee, S., Yon, D. K., Lee, S. W., Udeh, R., McEvoy, M., Oh, H. Y., Butler, L. T., Keyes, H., Barnett, Y., et al. (2024) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105641 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Cognitive behaviour therapy and inflammation: A systematic review of its relationship and the potential implications for the treatment of depression
Lopresti, A. L. (2017) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0004867417701996 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
A Narrative Review of the Patient Journey Through the Lens of Non-communicable Diseases in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Devi, R., Kanitkar, K., Ramasamy, N., Sehmi, K., & Subramaniam, K. (2020) · Advances in Therapy · doi:10.1007/s12325-020-01519-3 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Recommender systems for mental health apps: advantages and ethical challenges
Valentine, L., D’Alfonso, S., & Lederman, R. (2022) · AI & Society · doi:10.1007/s00146-021-01322-w · Cited by 97 · see citing works
360° Video virtual reality exposure therapy for public speaking anxiety: a randomized controlled trial
Reeves, R., Elliott, A., Curran, D., Dyer, K., & Hanna, D. (2021) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2021.102451 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Empowering the digital therapeutic relationship: virtual clinics for digital health interventions
Torous, J. B., & Hsin, H. (2018) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-018-0028-2 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Social Cognition in Anorexia Nervosa: Evidence of Preserved Theory of Mind and Impaired Emotional Functioning
Adenzato, M., Todisco, P., & Ardito, R. B. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0044414 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Self-citation
Patient outcomes associated with primary care behavioral health services: A systematic review
Possemato, K., Johnson, E. M., Beehler, G. P., Shepardson, R. L., King, P. R., Vair, C. L., Funderburk, J. S., Maisto, S. A., & Wray, L. O. (2018) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2018.04.002 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Therapeutic alliance in psychological therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Howard, R. A., Berry, K., & Haddock, G. (2021) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2642 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
How to Change Negative Outcome Expectations in Psychotherapy? The Role of the Therapist’s Warmth and Competence
Seewald, A., & Rief, W. (2022) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/21677026221094331 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Self-care behaviours and their relationship with Satisfaction and Compassion Fatigue levels among social workers
Cuartero, M., & Campos-Vidal, J. F. (2019) · Social work in health care · doi:10.1080/00981389.2018.1558164 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Rapport‐Building During Witness and Suspect Interviews: A Survey of Law Enforcement
Vallano, J. P., Evans, J. R., Compo, N. S., & Kieckhaefer, J. M. (2015) · Applied Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1002/acp.3115 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Quality Matters: Implementation Moderates Student Outcomes in the PATHS Curriculum
Humphrey, N., Hennessey, A., & Lendrum, A. (2017) · Prevention Science · doi:10.1007/s11121-017-0802-4 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Trust in Mental Health Clinicians Among Patients Who Access Clinical Notes Online
Cromer, R. D., Denneson, L. M., Pisciotta, M., Williams, H. B., Woods, S. S., & Dobscha, S. K. (2017) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201600168 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Can Outcome Research Respect the Integrity of Chaplaincy? A Review of Outcome Studies
Damen, A., Schuhmann, C. M., Leget, C. J. W., & Fitchett, G. A. (2019) · Journal of Health Care Chaplaincy · doi:10.1080/08854726.2019.1599258 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Digital Mental Health Interventions for University Students With Mental Health Difficulties: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Madrid‐Cagigal, A., Kealy, C., Potts, C., Mulvenna, M. D., Byrne, M., Barry, M. M., & Donohoe, G. (2025) · Early Intervention in Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/eip.70017 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Patients’ Understanding of Shared Decision Making in a Mental Health Setting
Eliacin, J., Salyers, M. P., Kukla, M., & Matthias, M. S. (2014) · Qualitative Health Research · doi:10.1177/1049732314551060 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Adapting an Early Palliative Care Intervention to Family Caregivers of Persons With Advanced Cancer in the Rural Deep South: A Qualitative Formative Evaluation
Dionne-Odom, J. N., Taylor, R., Rocque, G., Chambless, C., Ramsey, T., Azuero, A., Ivankova, N., Martin, M. Y., & Bakitas, M. A. (2018) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2018.02.009 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
The Action of Verbal and Non-verbal Communication in the Therapeutic Alliance Construction: A Mixed Methods Approach to Assess the Initial Interactions With Depressed Patients
Giacco, L. D., Anguera, M. T., & Salcuni, S. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00234 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
User engagement, attitudes, and the effectiveness of chatbots as a mental health intervention: A systematic review
Limpanopparat, S., Gibson, E., & Harris, D. A. (2024) · Computers in Human Behavior Artificial Humans · doi:10.1016/j.chbah.2024.100081 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
The Role of Humanization and Robustness of Large Language Models in Conversational Artificial Intelligence for Individuals With Depression: A Critical Analysis
Ferrario, A., Sedlakova, J., & Trachsel, M. (2024) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/56569 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Feasibility of a Health Coaching and Home-Based Rehabilitation Intervention With Remote Monitoring for COPD
Benzo, R. P., Ridgeway, J. L., Hoult, J. P., Novotny, P. J., Thomas, B. E., Lam, N. M., Benzo, M. V., Kramer, K., & Seifert, S. J. (2021) · Respiratory Care · doi:10.4187/respcare.08580 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Social robots as treatment agents: Pilot randomized controlled trial to deliver a behavior change intervention
Robinson, N., Connolly, J., Hides, L. M., & Kavanagh, D. J. (2020) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2020.100320 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Emerging Ethical Challenges Raised by the Evolution of Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation
Caplan, A. L., Parent, B., Kahn, J. P., Dean, W. K., Kimberly, L. L., Andrew Lee, W. P., & Rodriguez, E. D. (2018) · Transplantation · doi:10.1097/tp.0000000000002478 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Interrogating Gender-Exploratory Therapy
Ashley, F. (2022) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/17456916221102325 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Challenges and Opportunities in Building and Maintaining a Good Therapeutic Relationship in Acute Psychiatric Settings: A Narrative Review
Bolsinger, J., Jaeger, M., Hoff, P. T., & Theodoridou, A. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00965 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Assessing the critical parameters of eSMART-MH: a promising avatar-based digital therapeutic intervention to reduce depressive symptoms
Pinto, M. D., Greenblatt, A. M., Hickman, R. L., Rice, H. M., Thomas, T. L., & Clochesy, J. M. (2016) · Perspectives in Psychiatric Care · doi:10.1111/ppc.12112 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Videoconferencing psychotherapy for panic disorder and agoraphobia: Outcome and treatment processes from a non-randomized non-inferiority trial
Bouchard, S., Allard, M., Robillard, G., Dumoulin, S., Guitard, T., Loranger, C., Green-Demers, I., Marchand, A., Renaud, P., Cournoyer, L.-G., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02164 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Piloting a New Model for Treating Music Performance Anxiety: Training a Singing Teacher to Use Acceptance and Commitment Coaching With a Student
Shaw, T. A., Juncos, D. G., & Winter, D. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00882 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Alliance matters: but how much? A systematic review on therapeutic alliance and outcome in patients with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa
Werz, J., Voderholzer, U., & Tuschen‐Caffier, B. (2021) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/s40519-021-01281-7 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Modeling Motivational Interviewing Strategies on an Online Peer-to-Peer Counseling Platform
Shah, R. S., Holt, F. V., Hayati, S. A., Agarwal, A., Wang, Y.-C., Kraut, R. E., & Yang, D. (2022) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3555640 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Patients’ experience regarding therapeutic person-centered relationships in physiotherapy services: A qualitative study
Morera‐Balaguer, J., Botella-Rico, J. M., Catalán-Matamoros, D., Martínez-Segura, O.-R., Clavel, M. L., & Rodríguez‐Nogueira, Ó. (2019) · Physiotherapy Theory and Practice · doi:10.1080/09593985.2019.1603258 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Trust and Safe Spaces: Mental Health Consumers’ and Carers’ Relationships with Community Pharmacy Staff
Mey, A., Knox, K., Kelly, F., Davey, A. K., Fowler, J., Hattingh, L., Fejzic, J., McConnell, D., & Wheeler, A. (2013) · Patient · doi:10.1007/s40271-013-0032-1 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Is big data the new stethoscope? Perils of digital phenotyping to address mental illness
Tekin, Ş. (2021) · Philosophy & Technology · doi:10.1007/s13347-020-00395-7 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Interactive virtual reality environments and emotions: a systematic review
Linares-Vargas, B. G. P., & Cieza-Mostacero, S. E. (2024) · Virtual Reality · doi:10.1007/s10055-024-01049-1 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Development of a measure quantifying adverse psychotherapeutic ingredients: The Experiences of Therapy Questionnaire (ETQ)
Parker, G. B., Fletcher, K., Berk, M., & Paterson, A. (2013) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2012.11.026 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Online emotional support delivered by trained volunteers: users’ satisfaction and their perception of the service compared to psychotherapy
Baumel, A. (2015) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.3109/09638237.2015.1079308 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Determinants of placebo effects
Anderson, S., & Stebbins, G. T. (2020) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/bs.irn.2020.03.029 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Considering the therapeutic alliance in digital mental health interventions
Henson, P., Peck, P., & Torous, J. (2019) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/hrp.0000000000000224 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Virtual reality exposure therapy for social anxiety disorders: a meta-analysis and meta-regression of randomized controlled trials
Tan, Y. L., Chang, V. Y. X., Ang, W. H. D., Ang, W. W., & Lau, Y. (2024) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2024.2392195 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Physical therapists’ perceptions and experiences about barriers and facilitators of therapeutic patient-centred relationships during outpatient rehabilitation: a qualitative study
Morera‐Balaguer, J., Botella-Rico, J. M., Martínez-González, M. C., Medina‐Mirapeix, F., & Rodríguez‐Nogueira, Ó. (2018) · Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.bjpt.2018.04.003 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
“It’s important to buy in to the new lifestyle”: barriers and facilitators of exercise adherence in a population with persistent musculoskeletal pain
Meade, L. B., Bearne, L., & Godfrey, E. L. (2019) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2019.1629700 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
The role of evidence-based therapy relationships on treatment outcome for adults with trauma: A systematic review
Ellis, A. E., Simiola, V., Brown, L. S., Courtois, C. A., & Cook, J. M. (2017) · Journal of Trauma & Dissociation · doi:10.1080/15299732.2017.1329771 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Adolescent and Parent Perceptions of Telehealth Visits: A Mixed-Methods Study
Allison, B. A., Rea, S., Mikesell, L., & Perry, M. F. (2021) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.09.028 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Adjusting an Available Online Peer Support Platform in a Program to Supplement the Treatment of Perinatal Depression and Anxiety
Baumel, A., & Schueller, S. M. (2016) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/mental.5335 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
“Attitudes toward the listeners were measured using four items that were used in a previous study on 7Cups [36], adapted from measures of therapeutic alliance [43-45].”
The Digital Therapeutic Alliance With Mental Health Chatbots: Diary Study and Thematic Analysis
Xu, Z., Lee, Y., Stasiak, K., Warren, J., & Lottridge, D. M. (2025) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/76642 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Coaching to Support Mental Health Apps: Exploratory Narrative Review
Meyer, A., Wisniewski, H., & Torous, J. (2022) · JMIR Human Factors · doi:10.2196/28301 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Long-term effects of the "Heidelberg Model of Music Therapy" in patients with chronic tinnitus.
Argstatter, H., Grapp, M., Hutter, E., Plinkert, P. K., & Bolay, H. V. (2012) · PubMed Central · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Shared Decision Making in mental health care using Routine Outcome Monitoring as a source of information: a cluster randomised controlled trial
Metz, M. J., Franx, G. C., Veerbeek, M., de Beurs, E., Feltz-Cornelis, C. M. V. D., & Beekman, A. T. F. (2015) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-015-0696-2 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Dynamic relationships of therapist alliance and group cohesion in transdiagnostic group CBT for anxiety disorders.
Norton, P. J., & Kazantzis, N. (2015) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/ccp0000062 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Remote Psychological Interventions for Fear of Cancer Recurrence: Scoping Review.
Cincidda, C., Pizzoli, S. F. M., & Pravettoni, G. (2022) · JMIR Cancer · doi:10.2196/29745 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“First, given the health emergency that we have been experiencing for the COVID-19 outbreak, a blended intervention would allow us to guarantee the safety of the patient who will rarely have to go to the hospital while maintaining the therapeutic alliance, which is fundamental to the effectiveness of any psychological…”
Background
Peer-supported Open Dialogue: a thematic analysis of trainee perspectives on the approach and training
Stockmann, T., Wood, L., Enache, G., Withers, F., Gavaghan, L., & Razzaque, R. (2017) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/09638237.2017.1340609 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Reducing ceiling effects in the Working Alliance Inventory-Rehabilitation Dutch Version
Paap, D., Schepers, M., & Dijkstra, P. U. (2019) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2018.1563833 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Treatment provision for adults with ADHD during the COVID-19 pandemic: an exploratory study on patient and therapist experience with on-site sessions using face masks vs. telepsychiatric sessions
Wyler, H., Liebrenz, M., Ajdacic‐Gross, V., Seifritz, E., Young, S., Burger, P. H. M., & Buadze, A. (2021) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-021-03236-9 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Adaptive virtual agent: Design and evaluation for real-time human-agent interaction
Woo, J., Shidara, K., Achard, C., Tanaka, H., Nakamura, S., & Pélachaud, C. (2024) · International Journal of Human-Computer Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2024.103321 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Using peer advocates to improve access to services among hard-to-reach populations with hepatitis C: a qualitative study of client and provider relationships
MacLellan, J., Surey, J., Abubakar, I., Stagg, H. R., & Mannell, J. (2017) · Harm Reduction Journal · doi:10.1186/s12954-017-0202-x · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Big Data analytics and artificial intelligence in mental healthcare
Rosenfeld, A., Benrimoh, D. A., Armstrong, C., Mirchi, N., Langlois-Therrien, T., Rollins, C. P. E., Tanguay-Sela, M., Mehltretter, J., Fratila, R., Israel, S. A., et al. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-820203-6.00001-1 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Positive behaviour support for challenging behaviour after acquired brain injury: An introduction to PBS + PLUS and three case studies
Gould, K. R., Ponsford, J. L., Hicks, A. J., Hopwood, M., Renison, B., & Feeney, T. J. (2019) · Neuropsychological Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09602011.2019.1656647 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Presence, Trust, and Empathy: Preferred Characteristics of Psychedelic Carers
Thal, S. B., Engel, L. B., & Bright, S. J. (2022) · Journal of Humanistic Psychology · doi:10.1177/00221678221081380 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
HIV patient and provider feedback on a telehealth collaborative care for depression intervention
Drummond, K. L., Painter, J. T., Curran, G. M., Stanley, R., Gifford, A. L., Rodriguez‐Barradas, M. C., Rimland, D., Monson, T. P., & Pyne, J. M. (2016) · AIDS Care · doi:10.1080/09540121.2016.1255704 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Expectations and Experiences of Couples Receiving Therapy Through Videoconferencing: A Qualitative Study
Kysely, A., Bishop, B. J., Kane, R. T., Cheng, M., Palma, M. D., & Rooney, R. M. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02992 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Creativity and positive psychology in psychotherapy
Holm‐Hadulla, R. M. (2020) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/09540261.2020.1809355 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
The role of interpreters in mental health care
Elkington, E. J., & Talbot, K. M. (2015) · South African Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1177/0081246315619833 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Ontological and epistemological reflexivity: A core skill for therapists
Willig, C. (2019) · Counselling and Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/capr.12204 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Recovery, desistance, and the role of procedural justice in working alliances with mentally ill offenders: a critical review
Wittouck, C., & Beken, T. V. (2019) · Addiction Research & Theory · doi:10.1080/16066359.2018.1518434 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Effectiveness of psychosocial interventions among older adults with mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Chow, G., Gan, J. K. E., Chan, J. K. Y., Wu, X. V., & Klainin‐Yobas, P. (2020) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2020.1839861 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Optimizing outcomes in psilocybin therapy: Considerations in participant evaluation and preparation
Modlin, N. L., Miller, T. M., Rucker, J., Kirlić, N., Lennard-Jones, M., Schlosser, D. A., & Aaronson, S. T. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.01.077 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Therapeutic alliance is a factor of change in arts therapies and psychomotor therapy with adults who have mental health problems
Heynen, E., Roest, J., Willemars, G., & van Hooren, S. (2017) · The Arts in Psychotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.aip.2017.05.006 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Sharing Psychotherapy Notes with Patients: Therapists’ Attitudes and Experiences
Chimowitz, H., O’Neill, S. F., Leveille, S. G., Welch, K., & Walker, J. (2020) · Social Work · doi:10.1093/sw/swaa010 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
A randomised controlled test of emotional attributes of a virtual coach within a virtual reality (VR) mental health treatment
Wei, S., Freeman, D. H., & Rovira, A. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-38499-7 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
What Good Are Treatment Effects without Treatment? Mental Health and the Reluctance to Use Talk Therapy
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Authors: Ardito, R. B., & Rabellino, D.
Affiliations: University of Turin (IT)
Corresponding author: Ardito, Rita B.
ORCID: Ardito, Rita B.
Rabellino, Daniela
Venue: Frontiers in Psychology
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Published: 2011
Volume: 2
Pages: 270-270
ISSN: 1664-1078 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00270
PMC: PMC3198542
OpenAlex: W2007748712
Cited by: 647
References: 98
Citations by year: 2026: 46 · 2025: 67 · 2024: 85 · 2023: 62 · 2022: 108 · 2021: 54 · 2020: 52 · 2019: 39 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 4
FWCI: 6.56
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
Locations: Frontiers in Psychology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Institutional Research Information System University of Turin (University of Turin) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders: Università degli Studi di Torino
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Counseling Practices and Supervision
Keywords: therapeutic relationship, psychotherapy outcome

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Therapeutic Alliance and Outcome of Psychotherapy: Historical Excursus, Measurements, and Prospects for Research

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