RETRACTED: Effects of “Mindfulness Acceptance Insight Commitment” Training on Flow State and Mental Health of College Swimmers: A Randomized Controlled Experimental Study
Open accessAbstract
This research explores the intervention effect of the mindfulness acceptance insight commitment (MAIC) training program on the mindfulness level, flow state, and mental health of college swimmers. A sample of 47 college swimmers from a regular university was recruited and randomly divided into two groups before the intervention. Independent variables between groups are psychological training mode (MAIC training/no training), and the independent variable within group was time (pre-test, post-test, and continuity test). The dependent variables are mindfulness level, flow state, and mental health (anxiety, depression, training, and competition satisfaction). Results show that after the intervention of MAIC training, the mindfulness level of athletes' flow state has been significantly improved, whereas anxiety and depression significantly decreased. In addition, the satisfaction with training and competition significantly improved. In the continuous stage after the intervention, the mindfulness level, flow state, and mental health of athletes are still significantly higher than those in the pre-test. The comparison of the post-test and continuity test show no significant differences in the mindfulness level, flow state, depression, and training and competition satisfaction of athletes. Still, the anxiety level shows an upward trend with a significant difference. This study demonstrates that the MAIC mindfulness training program can significantly improve the mindfulness level, flow state, anxiety, depression, and training and competition satisfaction of college swimmers with a good continuity effect. Thus, the athletes' sports experience can be improved, and good psychological benefits can be attained.
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MAIC training could significantly improve psychological outcomes and athletic performance in dart throwing, shooting sports, and swimming athletes.
“A series of follow-up MAIC intervention studies targeting athletes of dart throwing, shooting sports, and swimming showed that MAIC training could significantly improve their psychological outcomes (mindfulness, acceptance, flow state, anxiety reduction, training, competition satisfaction, etc.) as well as their athletic performance [16,17,18,19].”
From The Effect of Mindfulness Intervention on the Psychological Skills and Shooting Performances in Male Collegiate Basketball Athletes in Macau: A Quasi-Experimental Study (2023) · cites this paper as [19]
The Results and Conclusion report significant improvements in mindfulness, flow state, anxiety, depression, and training and competition satisfaction among college swimmers. The paper discusses improved sports performance but does not report a measured performance outcome; its study also does not test dart throwers or shooting athletes. Because the sentence cites several studies together, this verdict concerns the swimming study attributed to this source. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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“The present study consistently reported significant results with several studies [20,22,30,31,42].”
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- Authors
- Ning, J.-H., Hao, Q.-W., & Huang, D.-C.
- Affiliations
- Shenyang Sport University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Hao, Qing-wei
- Venue
- Frontiers in Psychology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2022-06-24
- Volume
- 13
- Pages
- 799103-799103
- ISSN
- 1664-1078 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9263444
- OpenAlex
- W4283386335
- Cited by
- 14
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5
- FWCI
- 2.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Status
- Retracted
- Update notices
- retraction (2024-01-18)
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Psychology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Sport Psychology and Performance
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Flow Experience in Various Fields
- Keywords
- mindfulness, flow experience, mental health, college swimmers, athletes, anxiety, depression, training satisfaction
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