An empirical examination comparing the mindfulness-acceptance-commitment approach and psychological skills training for the mental health and sport performance of female student athletes.
Abstract
The present study was a randomised controlled trial investigating the effectiveness of the Mindfulness-Acceptance-Commitment (MAC) approach compared to traditional Psychological Skills Training (PST) for the mental health and sport performance of female collegiate athletes. Two hypotheses were proposed: (a) participants in the MAC group would demonstrate reduced behavioural issues, emotional distress, and psychological symptoms, and increased athletic performance when compared to those in the PST group; (b) MAC participants would exhibit reduced emotion dysregulation and increased psychological flexibility and dispositional mindfulness, compared to PST participants. Participants included 18 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division III female student athletes who were randomly assigned into either the MAC or PST group based upon pre-intervention levels of distress; and were assessed pre-intervention, post-intervention, and at 1-month follow-up. A mixed-model ANOVA analysis revealed that the MAC effectively reduced Substance Use, Hostility, and Emotion Dysregulation over time when compared to the PST group. Several within-group differences also emerged, as MAC participants demonstrated reduced Generalised Anxiety, Eating Concerns, and Psychological Distress, as well as increased psychological flexibility from post-intervention to one-month follow-up. As per coach ratings, MAC participants also evidenced improved sport performance from pre-intervention to post-intervention. Results suggest that the MAC is an effective intervention for the mental health and sport performance needs of female collegiate athletes.
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ACT is efficacious in non-clinical settings for enhancing athletic performance, improving workplace performance, lessening procrastination in college students, and smoking cessation.
“It is also efficacious when used in non-clinical settings, to help enhance athletic performance (Lutkenhouse et al., unpublished; Gross et al., 2016; Josefsson et al., 2019), to improve workplace performance (Bond and Bunce, 2003; Bond and Flaxman, 2006; Bond et al., 2016), to lessen procrastination in college students”
From Piloting a New Model for Treating Music Performance Anxiety: Training a Singing Teacher to Use Acceptance and Commitment Coaching With a Student (2020) · cites this paper as Gross et al., 2016
There is growing consensus among ACT researchers that psychological flexibility is a trainable set of skills that promote various health outcomes for the general public.
“In addition, there is growing consensus among ACT researchers that psychological flexibility is a trainable set of skills that promote various health outcomes for the general public (Gross et al., 2016; Gloster et al., 2017b).”
From Piloting a New Model for Treating Music Performance Anxiety: Training a Singing Teacher to Use Acceptance and Commitment Coaching With a Student (2020) · cites this paper as Gross et al., 2016
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- Authors
- Gross, M., Moore, Z. E., Gardner, F. L., Wolanin, A. T., Pess, R., & Marks, D. R.
- Affiliations
- Kean University (US)
- Manhattan University (US)
- Touro College (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gross, Mike
- Venue
- International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2016-11-03
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 431-451
- ISSN
- 1557-251X (ISSN-L)
- 1612-197X
- OpenAlex
- W2547176344
- Cited by
- 213
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 16.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Touro Scholar (Touro College) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Sport Psychology and Performance
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
- Keywords
- mental training, female collegiate athletes, collegiate athletes, mental health, athletic performance, emotional dysregulation, psychological flexibility, trait mindfulness, psychological distress, generalized anxiety disorder, eating concerns, substance use, hostility, coach ratings
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