Enriching sociocultural perspectives on the effects of idealized body norms: Integrating shame, positive body image, and self-compassion
Open accessAbstract
Body image is an integral aspect of the psychology of the self. Idealized body images are ubiquitous in both traditional media forms (e.g., magazines, television) and social media (e.g., Facebook, Instagram). The classic sociocultural model of body image (i.e., the Tripartite Influence Model) emphasizes pathways between idealized body norms, appearance comparisons, internalization of body ideals, and body dissatisfaction and its outcomes. We summarize the model and identify some issues to be addressed in future work, particularly in light of the immense popularity of social media. We review three topics that are not included in the sociocultural model but that provide a more complete picture of the influence of societal body norms on body image: (1) body shame, (2) positive body image, and (3) self-compassion. Research on the nature, assessment, and relevance of these constructs is reviewed in detail. In terms of clinical applications of these areas of research for individuals at risk of body dissatisfaction, we suggest assessing for and targeting body shame, cultivating facets of positive body image, and teaching strategies for developing self-compassion.
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The mixed methods approach combines the comprehensive scope of quantitative methods with the detailed insight of qualitative techniques, addressing the multifaceted nature of body image issues.
“The mixed methods approach in body image research offers a robust framework that combines the comprehensive scope of quantitative methods with the detailed insight of qualitative techniques, effectively addressing the multifaceted nature of body image issues.”
From Body Perceptions and Psychological Well-Being: A Review of the Impact of Social Media and Physical Measurements on Self-Esteem and Mental Health with a Focus on Body Image Satisfaction and Its Relationship with Cultural and Gender Factors (2024) · cites this paper as [155]
The Positive body image section (page not provided) says qualitative and mixed-methods studies helped expand understanding of positive body image, while quantitative studies established it as distinct from negative body image. It does not describe mixed methods as combining the comprehensive scope of quantitative methods with the detailed insight of qualitative techniques, or evaluate that combination as a robust framework for body image research generally. (LLM, conf=0.82)
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Self-citationBody appreciation and intuitive eating in eating disorder recovery
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Psychometric properties of an Italian translation of the Functionality Appreciation Scale (FAS)
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Targeting Body Compassion in the Treatment of Body Dissatisfaction: A Case Study
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Shame and the vulnerable self in medical contexts: the compassionate solution
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Psychometric properties of a Romanian translation of the Functionality Appreciation Scale (FAS)
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Does self-compassion buffer the detrimental effect of body shame on depressive symptoms?
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Body image and restrained eating in blind and sighted women: A preliminary study.
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Cross-cultural measurement invariance of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 across five countries
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Psychometric validation of the Japanese version of the Functionality Appreciation Scale (FAS)
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Self-citationDevelopment and validation of the Body Compassion Questionnaire
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The body appreciation scale-2: Translation and validation in the greek language
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The power of feeling seen: perspectives of individuals with eating disorders on receiving validation
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Self-compassion and body dissatisfaction in men: Extension of the tripartite influence model.
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Body compassion safeguards against the impact of major life events on binge eating
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Can body appreciation protect against media-induced body dissatisfaction?
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Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 4
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- Gilbert P. (2014). “Body shame: a biopsychosocial conceptualisation and overview with treatment implications,” in Body Shame, eds P. Gilbert and J. Miles (London: Routledge), 3– 54.
- Goss K. Gilbert P. (2014). “Eating disorders, shame and pride: a cognitive-behavioural functional analysis,” in Body Shame, eds P. Gilbert and J. Miles (London: Routledge), 219– 255.
- Grogan S. (2016). Body Image: Understanding Body Dissatisfaction in Men, Women and Children, 3rd Edn. London: Routledge.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Merino, M., Tornero-Aguilera, J. F., Rubio-Zarapuz, A., Villanueva-Tobaldo, C. V., Martín-Rodríguez, A., & Clemente-Suárez, V. J. (2024) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare12141396 · Cited by 349 · see citing works
“The body positivity movement is pivotal, challenging narrow societal beauty ideals and promoting the acceptance of diverse body types through advocacy, inclusive media representations, and community support groups, thus fostering environments where all individuals feel valued [155].”
Background
- Authors
- Mills, J. S., Minister, C., & Samson, L.
- Affiliations
- York University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Mills, Jennifer S.
- Venue
- Frontiers in Psychology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2022-11-25
- Volume
- 13
- Pages
- 983534-983534
- ISSN
- 1664-1078 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9732395
- OpenAlex
- W4310039571
- Cited by
- 61
- References
- 170
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 5
- FWCI
- 1.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Psychology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Body Image and Dysmorphia Studies
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Keywords
- body image, body shame, positive body image, self-compassion, Tripartite Influence Model, appearance comparison, body dissatisfaction, social media, media influence, body image assessment, body image interventions
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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