Longitudinal Associations Between Serum Cytokine Levels and Dementia
Open accessAbstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether long-term inflammation is related to the incidence of dementia in a prospective observational study. Methods: In total, 732 Korean community-dwelling elderly people > 65 years were evaluated at baseline. Of the 625 without dementia, 518 (83%) were followed over a 2.4-year period, and the incidence of dementia was determined. Cytokine [interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α] levels were measured at baseline and follow-up. The individual and combined effects of cytokine levels on dementia were evaluated after adjusting for potential covariates (lifestyle factors, demographics, disability, cognitive function, and presence of the APOE e4 allele) and a Bonferroni correction. Results: Incident dementia was associated with increased serum cytokine levels after 2 years; the association remained significant for TNF-α, IL1-α, and IL-1β concentrations even after applying a Bonferroni correction. The analysis of the combined effects of the five cytokines showed independent associations between increases in the summed number of higher cytokine levels, between baseline and follow-up. However, incident dementia was not expected based on higher baseline pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. Conclusion: Our results suggest that dementia may precede changes in serum cytokine levels and inflammatory processes, rather than resulting from elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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There is a positive correlation between levels of circulatory inflammatory molecules and progression of neurodegenerative diseases.
“Studies demonstrate a positive correlation between levels of circulatory inflammatory molecules and the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. 95 , 96”
From Senescence, brain inflammation, and oligomeric tau drive cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease: Evidence from clinical and preclinical studies (2024) · cites this paper as [96]
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- Authors
- Kim, J.-W., Stewart, R., Kang, H.-J., Bae, K.-Y., Kim, S.-W., Shin, I.-S., Yoon, J.-S., & Kim, J.-M.
- Affiliations
- Chonnam National University (KR)
- King's College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Kim, Jae-Min
- Venue
- Frontiers in Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2018-11-19
- Volume
- 9
- Pages
- 606-606
- ISSN
- 1664-0640 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6252389
- OpenAlex
- W2901174720
- Cited by
- 29
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4
- FWCI
- 1.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Frontiers in Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Chonnam National University (BCRI 18018)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Keywords
- dementia, serum cytokines, chronic inflammation, inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1 alpha, IL-1β, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, TNF-α, dementia incidence, older adults, APOE ε4, cognitive function
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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