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Cited by 6Mental Health and PsychiatrySchizophrenia research and treatmentForensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis

Modern perspectives on psychoses: dissociation, automatism, and temporality across exogenous and endogenous dimensions

Open access
Ricci, Valerio, Ciavarella, Maria Celeste, Marrangone, Carlotta, Messas, Guilherme, Maina, Giuseppe, Martinotti, Giovanni·2025·Frontiers in Psychiatry
DOI 10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1543673PMC PMC11967192
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Abstract

Substance use and the emergence of Novel Psychoactive Substances (NPS) present a significant public health challenge and diagnostic dilemma, particularly in the context of psychosis. The increasing availability of psychoactive substances among youth has led to a rise in Substance Use Disorders (SUDs), with profound implications for mental health. This paper explores the psychopathological distinctions between substance-induced psychoses (SIPs) and endogenous psychoses, such as schizophrenia, from a phenomenological perspective. We emphasize three key aspects: dissociation, mental automatism, and temporality, to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of these conditions. Dissociation, as a psychopathological organizer, is central to exogenous psychoses, particularly those triggered by NPS. This phenomenon leads to a fragmentation of consciousness, detachment from reality, and disintegration of identity, distinct from the spaltung observed in endogenous psychoses. The concept of mental automatism, as theorized by De Clerambault, is also explored, highlighting its role in the early stages of exogenous psychoses, where cognitive disruptions precede delusions and hallucinations. Furthermore, the temporal experience in SIPs is characterized by a disconnection from past and future, trapping individuals in an “eternal present.” This contrasts with the fragmented temporality observed in schizophrenia, where patients struggle to maintain a coherent narrative of their lives. The phenomenological approach provides critical insights into the clinical differentiation between SIPs and Primary Psychotic Disorders (PPDs), emphasizing the need for targeted interventions that address the specific temporal and cognitive disruptions in substance-induced conditions. In conclusion, this paper underscores the importance of integrating phenomenological psychopathology into clinical practice, particularly in the face of the evolving landscape of substance use and psychosis. Understanding the distinct psychopathological mechanisms underlying SIPs can inform more accurate diagnoses and effective treatments, ultimately improving patient outcomes in the context of this growing public health issue.

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Research works printed but not linked: 5

  1. [12]European Monitoring Center for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA). Annual Report, Vol. 2015. (2015).
  2. [14]Scherbaum N Schifano F. Promoting innovation and excellence to face the rapid diffusion of novel psychoactive substances in the EU: the outcomes of the ReDNet project. Hum Psychopharmacol. (2013) 28(4). doi: 10.1002/hup.2299 23881879 · DOI
  3. [43]Callieri B. Contributo allo studio psicopatologico degli effetti della monoetilamide dell’acido lisergico. Le psicosi sperimentali; Feltrinelli: Milano;. (1962) pp: 139–94. 13341385
  4. [44]Cargnello D. Gli aspetti psicopatologici della intossicazione sperimentale da LSD nei normali. Lo psicoma da LSD. In: Le psicosi sperimentali; Feltrinelli: Milano;. (1962) pp: 61– 138. 13545992
  5. [101]Hriso P. Mental automatisms: A conceptual journey into psychosis: commentaries and translation of the work of Gaëtan Gatian de Clérambault. Bayonne, NJ: Hermes Whispers Press (2002).

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Authors
Ricci, V., Ciavarella, M. C., Marrangone, C., Messas, G., Maina, G., & Martinotti, G.
Affiliations
  • Ospedale San Luigi Gonzaga (IT)
  • University of Chieti-Pescara (IT)
  • University of Oxford (GB)
Corresponding author
Ricci, Valerio
ORCID
Venue
Frontiers in Psychiatry
Publisher
Frontiers Media SA
Published
2025-03-20
Volume
16
Pages
1543673-1543673
ISSN
1664-0640 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1543673
PMC
PMC11967192
OpenAlex
W4408656896
Cited by
6
References
105
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 5
FWCI
4.58
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Frontiers in Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Institutional Research Information System University of Turin (University of Turin) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
  • Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Toxicology › Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis
Keywords
drug-induced psychosis, new psychoactive substances, schizophrenia, dissociation, mental automatism, temporality, phenomenological psychopathology, primary psychotic disorders, substance use disorders, delusions and hallucinations

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