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Cited by 914Health Policy Implementation ScienceHealth Sciences Research and EducationClinical practice guidelines implementation

Implementation Mapping: Using Intervention Mapping to Develop Implementation Strategies

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Fernandez, Maria E., ten Hoor, Gill A., van Lieshout, Sanne, Rodriguez, Serena A., Beidas, Rinad S., Parcel, Guy, Ruiter, Robert A. C., Markham, Christine M. +1 more·2019·Frontiers in Public Health
DOI 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00158PMC PMC6592155
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Abstract

Background: The ultimate impact of a health innovation depends not only on its effectiveness but also on its reach in the population and the extent to which it is implemented with high levels of completeness and fidelity. Implementation science has emerged as the potential solution to the failure to translate evidence from research into effective practice and policy evident in many fields. Implementation scientists have developed many frameworks, theories and models, which describe implementation determinants, processes, or outcomes; yet, there is little guidance about how these can inform the development or selection of implementation strategies (methods or techniques used to improve adoption, implementation, sustainment, and scale-up of interventions) (1, 2). To move the implementation science field forward and to provide a practical tool to apply the knowledge in this field, we describe a systematic protocol for planning or selecting implementation strategies: Implementation Mapping. Methods: Implementation Mapping is based on Intervention Mapping (a six-step protocol that guides the design of multi-level health promotion interventions and implementation strategies) and expands on Intervention Mapping step 5. It includes insights from both the implementation science field and Intervention Mapping. Implementation Mapping involves five tasks: 1) conduct an implementation needs assessment and identify program adopters and implementers; 2) state adoption and implementation outcomes and performance objectives, identify determinants, and create matrices of change objectives; 3) choose theoretical methods (mechanisms of change) and select or design implementation strategies; 4) produce implementation protocols and materials; and 5) evaluate implementation outcomes. The tasks are iterative with the planner circling back to previous steps throughout this process to ensure all adopters and implementers, outcomes, determinants, and objectives are addressed. Discussion: Implementation Mapping provides a systematic process for developing strategies to improve the adoption, implementation and maintenance of evidence-based interventions in real-world settings.

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  • Public health evaluation frameworks often guide the choice of outcome measure in feasibility and pilot implementation work.

    “Public health evaluation frameworks often guide the choice of outcome measure in feasibility and pilot implementation work and include RE_AIM [60], PRECEDE_PROCEED [61], Proctor and colleagues framework on outcomes for implementation research [62] and more recently, the “Implementation Mapping” framework [63].”

    From Guidance for conducting feasibility and pilot studies for implementation trials (2020) · cites this paper as [63]

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Cited by

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Authors
Fernandez, M. E., ten Hoor, G. A., van Lieshout, S., Rodriguez, S. A., Beidas, R. S., Parcel, G., Ruiter, R. A. C., Markham, C. M., & Kok, G.
Affiliations
  • The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
  • University of Pennsylvania (US)
  • The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (US)
  • Maastricht University (NL)
ORCID
Venue
Frontiers in Public Health
Publisher
Frontiers Media SA
Published
2019-06-18
Volume
7
Pages
158-158
ISSN
2296-2565 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3389/fpubh.2019.00158
PMC
PMC6592155
OpenAlex
W2951797883
Cited by
914
References
19
Citations by year
2026: 121 · 2025: 149 · 2024: 179 · 2023: 150 · 2022: 136 · 2021: 83 · 2020: 91 · 2019: 3
FWCI
106.68
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Frontiers in Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders
  • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
  • National Institutes of Health (R25CA57712)
  • Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (R18HS023255-03, R18HS023255)
  • National Cancer Institute (R25‐CA57712, R25CA057712, R01CA163526)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Policy Implementation Science
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Sciences Research and Education
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Clinical practice guidelines implementation
Keywords
implementation mapping, intervention mapping, implementation strategies, implementation science, mechanisms of change, implementation factors, health promotion interventions, implementation fidelity

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