Cited by 112Hallucinations in medical conditionsSchizophrenia research and treatmentMental Health and Psychiatry

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 62 of the 62 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Left temporal lobe structural and functional abnormality underlying auditory hallucinations

Open access

Hugdahl, Kenneth·2009·Frontiers in Neuroscience

DOI 10.3389/neuro.01.001.2009PMC PMC2695389

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

In this article, we have reviewed recent findings from our laboratory, originally presented in Hugdahl et al. (2008). These findings reveal that auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia should best be conceptualized as internally generated speech mis-representations lateralized to the left superior temporal gyrus and sulcus, not cognitively suppressed due to enhanced attention to the 'voices' and failure of fronto-parietal executive control functions. An overview of diagnostic questionnaires for scoring of symptoms is presented together with a review of behavioral, structural, and functional MRI data. Functional imaging data have either shown increased or decreased activation depending on whether patients have been presented an external stimulus during scanning. Structural imaging data have shown reduction of grey matter density and volume in the same areas in the temporal lobe. We have proposed a model for the understanding of auditory hallucinations that trace the origin of auditory hallucinations to neuronal abnormality in the speech areas in the left temporal lobe, which is not suppressed by volitional cognitive control processes, due to dysfunctional fronto-parietal executive cortical networks.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3389/neuro.01.001.2009

Cites

62 of 62 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia.
Kay, S. R., Fiszbein, A., & Opler, L. A. (1987) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/13.2.261 · Cited by 21,378 · cited 3×
“…and duration of hallucinations are typically scored from symptom scales like the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS; Ventura et al., 1993), the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS; Kay et al., 1987) and Scales for Assessment of Negative and Positive Symptoms (SANS/SAPS; Andreasen, 1990).”
Method
Spontaneous fluctuations in brain activity observed with functional magnetic resonance imaging
Fox, M. D., & Raichle, M. E. (2007) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2201 · Cited by 6,700 · cited 2×
“neuropsycHological (DicHotic listening) stuDies In a neuropsychological study on auditory hallucinations, Green et al. (1994) used a simple dichotic listening procedure with pair-wise presentations of consonant–vowel (CV) syllables, and found that hallucinating patients failed to show a significant right ear advantage…”
BackgroundMethod
The cortical organization of speech processing
Hickok, G., & Poeppel, D. (2007) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2113 · Cited by 5,495 · cited 4×
“…pathways for speech sound perception are quite well mapped out, not the least from recent functional neuroimaging studies (Binder and Price, 2001; Hickok and Poeppel, 2007; Hugdahl et al., 1999), it can be assumed that auditory hallucinations have their neuronal, or ‘internal’, origin in the…”
BackgroundInfluential
Glutamate receptor dysfunction and schizophrenia
Olney, J. W. (1995) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1995.03950240016004 · Cited by 1,685 · cited 1×
“A glutamate hypothesis has been proposed for schizophrenia (see Carlsson et al., 1999; Kehrer et al., 2008; Olney and Farber, 1995), suggesting that glutamate function in addition to dopamine function may be altered in patients with schizophrenia.”
Background
Functional Asymmetry of the Brain in Dichotic Listening
Kimura, D. (1967) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/s0010-9452(67)80010-8 · Cited by 1,581 · cited 3×
“…in e.g., the right ear has both ipsilateral and contralateral input to the temporal lobe processing areas, the contralateral pathways are more preponderant, and a dichotic presentation mode will further strengthen the input by blocking the ipsilateral input from the other ear (Kimura, 1967).”
BackgroundInfluential
Scales to measure dimensions of hallucinations and delusions: The psychotic symptom rating scales (PSYRATS).
HADDOCK, G., McCARRON, J., TARRIER, N., & FARAGHER, E. B. (1999) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291799008661 · Cited by 1,461 · cited 3×
“, 2000), and the Psychotic Symptoms Rating Scales (PSYRATS; Haddock et al., 1999).”
Background
A functional neuroanatomy of hallucinations in schizophrenia
Silbersweig, D. A., Stern, E., Frith, C., Cahill, C., Holmes, A., Grootoonk, S., Seaward, J., McKenna, P., Chua, S. E., Schnorr, L., et al. (1995) · Nature · doi:10.1038/378176a0 · Cited by 906
Brain abnormality in schizophrenia
Lawrie, S. M., & Abukmeil, S. S. (1998) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.172.2.110 · Cited by 845 · cited 2×
“structural neuroimaging stuDies Structural MRI studies have confirmed abnormality in the speech areas in the left temporal lobe in patients with schizophrenia, with reduced grey matter density and volume on the left side compared to the right side (e.g., Barta et al., 1990; Kubicki et al., 2002; Lawrie and Abukmeil 19…”
Background
Activation of Heschl’s Gyrus during Auditory Hallucinations
Dierks, T., Linden, D. E. J., Jandl, M., Formisano, E., Goebel, R., Lanfermann, H., & Singer, W. (1999) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80715-1 · Cited by 752
Training and quality assurance with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale: "The drift busters."
Ventura, J., Green, M. F., Shaner, A. L., & Liberman, R. P. (1993) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · Cited by 748

Show all 62 references

Research works printed but not linked: 1

Green M. F. Hugdahl K. Mitchell S. (1994). Dichotic listenig during auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry 151, 357– 362 8109643

Sorted by citations

Anatomy of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia: A meta-analysis
Ellison-Wright, I., & Bullmore, E. (2010) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2009.12.022 · Cited by 565
“Functional abnormalities in these networks may be associated with structural brain changes (Hugdahl et al., 2009; Bassett and Bullmore, 2009; Horn et al., 2009).”
Background
Short-term Effects of Antipsychotic Treatment on Cerebral Function in Drug-Naive First-Episode Schizophrenia Revealed by “Resting State” Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Lui, S., Li, T., Deng, W., Jiang, L., Wu, Q., Tang, H., Yue, Q., Huang, X., Chan, R. C. K., Collier, D. A., et al. (2010) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.84 · Cited by 365
The “paradoxical” engagement of the primary auditory cortex in patients with auditory verbal hallucinations: A meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies
Kompus, K., Westerhausen, R., & Hugdahl, K. (2011) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.08.010 · Cited by 286
“…cortex, such that external stimuli are not capable of producing further activation sufficient to overcome the ongoing, spontaneous neural activity (Hugdahl et al., 2009), or an aberrant attentional bias, such that the prefrontal top-down control mechanisms do not bias the auditory cortex…”
Background
Spontaneous Gamma Activity in Schizophrenia
Hirano, Y., Oribe, N., Kanba, S., Onitsuka, T., Nestor, P. G., & Spencer, K. (2015) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.2642 · Cited by 274
On the existence of a generalized non-specific task-dependent network
Hugdahl, K., Raichle, M. E., Mitra, A., & Specht, K. (2015) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2015.00430 · Cited by 169
“Hearing voices”: Auditory hallucinations as failure of top‐down control of bottom‐up perceptual processes
Hugdahl, K. (2009) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9450.2009.00775.x · Cited by 197
Baseline gamma power during auditory steady-state stimulation in schizophrenia
M. Spencer, K. (2012) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2011.00190 · Cited by 155
“, 2000) and in functional magnetic resonance imaging (Hugdahl et al., 2009).”
Background
Dysconnectivity of multiple resting-state networks in patients with schizophrenia who have persistent auditory verbal hallucinations
Wolf, N. D., Sambataro, F., Vasić, N., Frasch, K., Schmid, M., Schönfeldt‐Lecuona, C., Thomann, P. A., & Wolf, R. C. (2011) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1503/jpn.110008 · Cited by 145
“, brain circuits necessary for adequate self-monitoring, inhibitory control and goal-directed behaviour) has been proposed to underlie AVH in addition to deficient speech-processing networks.(4,6) However, since we investigated participants under resting-state conditions, the precise cognitive or affective functions o…”
Background
Increased Resting-State Gamma-Band Connectivity in First-Episode Schizophrenia
Andreou, C., Nolte, G., Leicht, G., Polomac, N., Hanganu-Opatz, I. L., Lambert, M., Engel, A. K., & Mulert, C. (2015) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbu121 · Cited by 129
Parvalbumin Cell Ablation of NMDA-R1 Causes Increased Resting Network Excitability with Associated Social and Self-Care Deficits
Billingslea, E. N., Tatard-Leitman, V. M., Anguiano, J., Jutzeler, C. R., Suh, J., Saunders, J. A., Morita, S., Featherstone, R. E., Ortinski, P. I., Gandal, M. J., et al. (2014) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2014.7 · Cited by 112
Cognitive mechanisms of auditory verbal hallucinations in psychotic and non-psychotic groups
Badcock, J. C., & Hugdahl, K. (2012) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.07.010 · Cited by 92
“However, all existing models of AVH assume that dysfunctional activation intrudes into ongoing neural and cognitive processing (Hugdahl et al., 2009; see Jones, 2008, for a critique of current models).”
Self-citation
Prevalence of auditory verbal hallucinations in a general population: A group comparison study
Kråkvik, B., Larøi, F., Kalhovde, A., Hugdahl, K., Kompus, K., Salvesen, Ø., Stiles, T., & Vedul-Kjelsås, E. (2015) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/sjop.12236 · Cited by 101
Auditory hallucinations: A review of the ERC “VOICE” project
Hugdahl, K. (2015) · World Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.5498/wjp.v5.i2.193 · Cited by 93
Auditory Cortex Characteristics in Schizophrenia: Associations With Auditory Hallucinations
Mørch-Johnsen, L. E., Nesvåg, R., Jørgensen, K. N., Lange, E. H., Hartberg, C. B., Haukvik, U. K., Kompus, K., Westerhausen, R., Osnes, K., Andreassen, O. A., et al. (2016) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbw130 · Cited by 79
Mapping Corticocortical Structural Integrity in Schizophrenia and Effects of Genetic Liability
Phillips, O. R., Nuechterlein, K. H., Asarnow, R. F., Clark, K. A., Cabeen, R. P., Yang, Y., Woods, R. P., Toga, A. W., & Narr, K. L. (2011) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.03.039 · Cited by 72
Auditory verbal hallucinations: neuroimaging and treatment
Bohlken, M., Hugdahl, K., & Sommer, I. (2016) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s003329171600115x · Cited by 60
“A growing body of neuroimaging research has provided support for a neurobiological basis of AVH (Hugdahl et al. 2009; Jardri et al. 2011; Palaniyappan et al. 2012; Modinos et al. 2013) and also for the ef ﬁ cacy of various treatment strategies.”
Auditory verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia as aberrant lateralized speech perception: Evidence from dichotic listening
Hugdahl, K., Løberg, E., Falkenberg, L. E., Johnsen, E., Kompus, K., Kroken, R. A., Nygård, M., Westerhausen, R., Alptekın, K., & Özgören, M. (2012) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2012.06.019 · Cited by 65
“The right ear signal will thus have direct access to the speech processing centres in the speech dominant left hemisphere, which as a consequence will result in more correct reports for the right ear stimulus (see Hugdahl et al., 2009 for further details).”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Mapping pathological changes in brain structure by combining T1- and T2-weighted MR imaging data
Ganzetti, M., Wenderoth, N., & Mantini, D. (2015) · Neuroradiology · doi:10.1007/s00234-015-1550-4 · Cited by 65
“Thus, functional dysfunctions in brain networks may result from structural changes both in WM and in GM [32, 33].”
Background
Diminished Whole-brain but Enhanced Peri-sylvian Connectivity in Absolute Pitch Musicians
Jäncke, L., Langer, N., & Hänggi, J. (2012) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00227 · Cited by 64
“The planum polare is involved in controlling prosodic and attention-related auditory processes (Jancke, Buchanan, Lutz, & Shah, 2001 ; Meyer, Friederici, & von Cramon, 2000 ), and the STS is a brain area known to integrate information from different modalities (Oechslin et al, 2010 ; Hugdahl, Loberg, & Nygard, 2009 ;…”
Background
Impact of glutamate levels on neuronal response and cognitive abilities in schizophrenia
Falkenberg, L. E., Westerhausen, R., Craven, A. R., Johnsen, E., Kroken, R. A., L⊘berg, E.-M., Specht, K., & Hugdahl, K. (2014) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2014.03.014 · Cited by 59
Failure of attention focus and cognitive control in schizophrenia patients with auditory verbal hallucinations: Evidence from dichotic listening
Hugdahl, K., Nygård, M., Falkenberg, L. E., Kompus, K., Westerhausen, R., Kroken, R. A., Johnsen, E., & Løberg, E. (2013) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2013.04.005 · Cited by 58
“AVHs could be seen as a “marker” of a psychotic episode (Wing et al., 1974; Shergill et al., 1998; Hugdahl et al., 2009), occurring in more than 70% of patients with a schizophrenia diagnosis.”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Linked 4-Way Multimodal Brain Differences in Schizophrenia in a Large Chinese Han Population
Liu, S., Wang, H., Song, M., Lv, L., Cui, Y., Liu, Y., Fan, L.-Z., Zuo, N.-M., Xu, K.-B., Du, Y.-H., et al. (2019) · Schizophrenia bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sby045 · Cited by 50
A synthesis of evidence on inhibitory control and auditory hallucinations based on the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework
Badcock, J. C., & Hugdahl, K. (2014) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00180 · Cited by 54
“…domain (e.g., perception and attention), which are critically involved in AH and show individual variation from normal to pathological behavior (see Hugdahl et al., 2009a,b) as well as domains which have been relatively understudied in relation to AH (e.g., Systems for Social Processes; see Ford…”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
The Psychosis-like Effects of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Are Associated With Increased Cortical Noise in Healthy Humans
Cortes-Briones, J., Cahill, J. D., Skosnik, P. D., Mathalon, D. H., Williams, A. H., Sewell, R. A., Roach, B. J., Ford, J. M., Ranganathan, M., & D’Souza, D. C. (2015) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.03.023 · Cited by 52
Morphometry of superior temporal gyrus and planum temporale in schizophrenia and psychotic bipolar disorder
Ratnanather, J. T., Poynton, C. B., Pisano, D. V., Crocker, B., Postell, E., Cebron, S., Ceyhan, E., Honeycutt, N. A., Mahon, P. B., & Barta, P. E. (2013) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2013.08.014 · Cited by 51
“The specificity of the PT in schizophrenia suggests that it is amajor contributor to the structural abnormalities associated that have previously shown to be associatedwith functional abnormalities in the left temporal lobe (Hugdahl et al., 2009; Ethridge et al., 2012).”
Background
Increased co-expression of genes harboring the damaging de novo mutations in Chinese schizophrenic patients during prenatal development
Wang, Q., Li, M., Yang, Z., Hu, X., Wu, H.-M., Ni, P., Ren, H., Deng, W., Li, M., Ma, X., et al. (2015) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep18209 · Cited by 49
A Critical Review of Pro-Cognitive Drug Targets in Psychosis: Convergence on Myelination and Inflammation
Kroken, R. A., Løberg, E., Drønen, T., Grüner, R., Hugdahl, K., Kompus, K., Skrede, S., & Johnsen, E. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00011 · Cited by 49
“(57) found overlapping activation in a large-scale network to occur with a range of different cognitive tasks implicating the prefrontal cortex [see also Ref.”
Background
Schizophrenia, Not a Psychotic Disorder: Bleuler Revisited
Loch, A. A. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00328 · Cited by 46
“While positive symptoms are related to the temporal lobe and limbic areas (48, 49), contrastingly, negative symptoms in schizophrenia appear to be related to deficits in specific regions generating hypofrontality (50).”
Background
Extrinsic and default mode networks in psychiatric conditions: Relationship to excitatory-inhibitory transmitter balance and early trauma
Allen, P., Sommer, I. E., Jardri, R., Eysenck, M. W., & Hugdahl, K. (2019) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.02.004 · Cited by 43
Comparison of Acute Followed by Maintenance ECT vs Clozapine on Psychopathology and Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Mishra, B. R., Agrawal, K., Biswas, T., Mohapatra, D., Nath, S., & Maiti, R. (2022) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbac027 · Cited by 51
Patients with Schizophrenia Fail to Up-Regulate Task-Positive and Down-Regulate Task-Negative Brain Networks: An fMRI Study Using an ICA Analysis Approach
Nygård, M., Eichele, T., Løberg, E., Jørgensen, H. A., Johnsen, E., Kroken, R. A., Berle, J. Ø., & Hugdahl, K. (2012) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2012.00149 · Cited by 45
“We have previously used a modified dichotic listening (DL) task with simple speech sounds and with instructions to focus attention on either the left or right ear stimulus (Hugdahl and Andersson, 1986; Løberg et al., 1999; Hugdahl et al., 2009a).”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Hearing voices in the head: Two meta-analyses on structural correlates of auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia
Romeo, Z., & Spironelli, C. (2022) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103241 · Cited by 41
Hearing it right: Evidence of hemispheric lateralization in auditory imagery
Prete, G., Marzoli, D., Brancucci, A., & Tommasi, L. (2015) · Hearing Research · doi:10.1016/j.heares.2015.12.011 · Cited by 41
“…et al., 2013) as well as reduced REA (Løberg et al., 1999), on the other hand an increased activation of the STG has also been shown in schizophrenic patients during the experience of auditory hallucinations (Hugdahl et al., 2009; Hugdahl et al., 2003; Lennox et al., 2000; Løberg et al., 2004).”
Background
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Refractory Auditory Hallucinations in Schizophrenia
Andrade, C. (2013) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.13f08826 · Cited by 40
Subcortical control of the default mode network: Role of the basal forebrain and implications for neuropsychiatric disorders
Aguilar, D. D., & McNally, J. M. (2022) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.05.005 · Cited by 40
The Cannabis Pathway to Non-Affective Psychosis may Reflect Less Neurobiological Vulnerability
Løberg, E., Helle, S., Nygård, M., Berle, J. Ø., Kroken, R. A., & Johnsen, E. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00159 · Cited by 40
“High risk non-initiating insider” identification based on EEG analysis for enhancing nuclear security
Suh, Y.-A., & Yim, M. (2017) · Annals of Nuclear Energy · doi:10.1016/j.anucene.2017.11.030 · Cited by 35
Monotherapy with tDCS for Schizophrenia: A Case Report
Rakesh, G., Shivakumar, V., Subramaniam, A., Nawani, H., Amaresha, A. C., Narayanaswamy, J. C., & Venkatasubramanian, G. (2013) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2013.01.007 · Cited by 35
“Immediate cessation of hallucination with cathodal stimulation (inhibitory effect) at left temporoparietal region supports the postulated hyperactivity of this brain region to underlie the pathogenesis of auditory hallucinations [7].”
Background
Structural and metabolic differentiation between bipolar disorder with psychosis and substance-induced psychosis: An integrated MRI/PET study
Altamura, A. C., Delvecchio, G., Marotta, G., Oldani, L., Pigoni, A., Ciappolino, V., Caletti, E., Rovera, C., Dobrea, C., Arici, C., et al. (2016) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.09.009 · Cited by 35
The relevance of transdiagnostic shared networks to the severity of symptoms and cognitive deficits in schizophrenia: a multimodal brain imaging fusion study
Qi, S., Bustillo, J., Turner, J. A., Jiang, R., Zhi, D., Fu, Z., Deramus, T. P., Vergara, V., Ma, X., Yang, X., et al. (2020) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-020-0834-6 · Cited by 32
The role of inner speech in executive functioning tasks: schizophrenia with auditory verbal hallucinations and autistic spectrum conditions as case studies
Petrolini, V., Jorba, M., & Vicente, A. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.572035 · Cited by 33
Verbal working memory deficits predict levels of auditory hallucination in first-episode psychosis
Gisselgård, J., Anda, L. G., Brønnick, K., Langeveld, J., Hegelstad, W. T. V., Joa, I., Johannessen, J. O., & Larsen, T. K. (2014) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2013.12.018 · Cited by 33
“Intriguingly, extraneous auditory stimuli have been associated with attenuated neuronal activity in the superior temporal cortices of the brain in patients with AVHs (Hugdahl et al., 2009).”
Background
Evidence of a Right Ear Advantage in the absence of auditory targets
Prete, G., D’Anselmo, A., Brancucci, A., & Tommasi, L. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-34086-3 · Cited by 34
Multivariate Analysis of Structural and Functional Neuroimaging Can Inform Psychiatric Differential Diagnosis
Stoyanov, D., Kandilarova, S., Aryutova, K., Paunova, R., Todeva-Radneva, A., Latypova, A., & Kherif, F. (2020) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics11010019 · Cited by 28
“Auditory hallucinations can be linked to abnormally elevated resting state activity in the auditory cortex itself, irregular modulation of the auditory cortex by anterior cortical midline structures as part of the DMN, and neural miscommunication between auditory cortical resting state shifts and stimulus triggered ac…”
Background
Hyperactivation of left inferior parietal lobule and left temporal gyri shortens resting EEG microstate in schizophrenia
Soni, S., Muthukrishnan, S. P., Sood, M., Kaur, S., & Sharma, R. (2018) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2018.06.020 · Cited by 28
Diffusion kurtosis imaging of gray matter in schizophrenia
McKenna, F. F., Miles, L., Babb, J. S., GOFF, D. C., & Lazar, M. (2019) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2019.08.013 · Cited by 27
An fMRI Study of Neuronal Activation in Schizophrenia Patients with and without Previous Cannabis Use
Løberg, E., Nygård, M., Berle, J. Ø., Johnsen, E., Kroken, R. A., Jørgensen, H. A., & Hugdahl, K. (2012) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2012.00094 · Cited by 27
“The effort mode network, on the other hand, is assumed to involve areas in the inferior and middle frontal gyrus, supplementary motor area (SMA), anterior cingulate, posterior temporal cortex, and parietal cortex (cf. Fox and Raichle, 2007; Hugdahl et al., 2009; Nygård et al., 2012).”
Background
Insights into hallucinations in schizophrenia: Novel treatment approaches
Aleman, A., & Larøi, F. (2011) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1586/ern.11.90 · Cited by 24
Cognitive correlates of abnormal myelination in psychosis
Vanes, L. D., Mouchlianitis, E. D., Barry, E. F., Patel, K., Wong, K., & Shergill, S. S. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-41679-z · Cited by 24
“Disinhibition of language processing centres may result in an inability to distinguish between inner and external speech, resulting in a misattribution of inner speech as externally generated 41–43 .”
Background
Auditory verbal hallucinations result from combinatoric associations of multiple neural events
Stephane, M. (2013) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00239 · Cited by 23
“It was also suggested that a cognitive control deficit results in a failure of top-down inhibition of bottom-up erroneous percept (Hugdahl et al., 2009).”
Background
Pre-trial and pre-response EEG microstates in schizophrenia: An endophenotypic marker
Soni, S., Muthukrishnan, S. P., Samanchi, R., Sood, M., Kaur, S., & Sharma, R. (2019) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2019.111964 · Cited by 39
An fMRI study of auditory hallucinations in patients with epilepsy
Korsnes, M. S., Hugdahl, K., Nygård, M., & Bjørnæs, H. (2009) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2009.02338.x · Cited by 21
“…2010 doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2009.02338.x FULL-LENGTH ORIGINAL RESEARCH 610 speech sounds, similar to what has been found in patients with schizophrenia (Hugdahl et al., 2009), that would support a unique neuronal representation for auditory hallucinations cutting across diagnostic groups.”
BackgroundInfluential
Right news, good news! The valence hypothesis and hemispheric asymmetries in auditory imagery
Prete, G., Tommasi, V., & Tommasi, L. (2019) · Language Cognition and Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/23273798.2019.1659990 · Cited by 19
“…al., 2003; Hugdahl et al., 2009; Lennox et al., 2000; Løberg et al., 2004), which has been proposed to be the cerebral substrate of hearing voices (Hugdahl, 2009), would be modulated by the right-hemispheric activity due to the negative valence of voices’ content, leading to an absence of…”
Background
Autism spectrum disorder, functional MRI and MR spectroscopy: possibilities and challenges
Hugdahl, K., Beyer, M. K., Brix, M. K., & Ersland, L. (2012) · Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease · doi:10.3402/mehd.v23i0.18960 · Cited by 20
“the DMN and simultaneously upregulate the EMN in cognitive situations requiring effory (12).”
Background
Assessing brain structural associations with working memory related brain patterns in schizophrenia and healthy controls using linked independent component analysis
Brandt, C. L., Doan, N. T., Tønnesen, S., Agartz, I., Hugdahl, K., Melle, I. S., Andreassen, O. A., & Westlye, L. T. (2015) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2015.08.010 · Cited by 19
Auditory verbal hallucinations reflect stable auditory attention deficits: a prospective study
Løberg, E., Jørgensen, H. A., Kroken, R., & Johnsen, E. (2015) · Cognitive Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1080/13546805.2014.977857 · Cited by 18
“The forced-left total performance group difference further validated the focus on attentional control to explain the findings, as this condition was suggested to be especially sensitive to attention control deficits (Hugdahl et al., 2009).”
BackgroundInfluential
Do patients with hallucinations imagine speech right?
Altamura, M., Prete, G., Elia, A., Angelini, E., Padalino, F. A., Bellomo, A., Tommasi, L., & Fairfield, B. (2020) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107567 · Cited by 17
“A possible empirical test to investigate a potential association between AVHs and abnormal lateralization of speech perception is the dichotic listening task (DLT) (Green et al., 1994; Hugdahl et al., 2009; Løberg et al., 2004).”
Top-Down Regulation of Left Temporal Cortex by Hypnotic Amusia for Rhythm:A Pilot Study on Mismatch Negativity
Facco, E., Ermani, M., Rampazzo, P., Tikhonoff, V., Saladini, M., Zanette, G., Casiglia, E., & Spiegel, D. (2014) · International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis · doi:10.1080/00207144.2014.869124 · Cited by 19
Aircraft noise exposure affects rat behavior, plasma norepinephrine levels, and cell morphology of the temporal lobe
Di, G., Zhou, B. Y., Li, Z., & Lin, Q. (2011) · Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE B · doi:10.1631/jzus.b1000439 · Cited by 16
“Therefore, when neurons of the temporal lobe are damaged, a variety of mental disorders are likely to occur, such as cognitive decline, memory reduction, or subjective emotional instability (Hugdahl et al., 2009).”
Background
Performance on Auditory and Visual Tasks of Inhibition in English Monolingual and Spanish–English Bilingual Adults: Do Bilinguals Have a Cognitive Advantage?
Desjardins, J. L., & Fernandez, F. (2018) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2017_jslhr-h-17-0160 · Cited by 16
Negative symptoms correlate with altered brain structural asymmetry in amygdala and superior temporal region in schizophrenia patients
Huang, Z., Ruan, D., Huang, B., Zhou, T., Shi, C., Yu, X., Chan, R. C. K., Wang, Y., & Pu, C. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1000560 · Cited by 16
“In patients with schizophrenia, previous studies suggested that structural changes in frontal and temporal lobes might be related with their impairments in executive function, hallucination and negative symptoms (36, 41, 42).”
Background
A comparison of psychiatric symptom severity in individuals assessed in their mother tongue versus an acquired language: A two-sample study of individuals with schizophrenia and a normative population.
Brown, C. A., & de Mamani, A. W. (2017) · Professional Psychology Research and Practice · doi:10.1037/pro0000125 · Cited by 15
“information about his or her symptoms (Karlsson, 2005). To that end, a patient might feel more comfortable being honest and forthcoming about his or her symptoms with a therapist who speaks his or her native language (Ibaraki & Hall, 2014), which could help explain the pattern of results obtained for positive symptoms…”
Result
Recent Progress in Some Aircraft Technologies
Agarwal, R. K. (2016) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/61381 · Cited by 15
Clinical Correlates of Superior Temporal Gyrus Volume Abnormalities in Antipsychotic-Naïve Schizophrenia
Narayanaswamy, J. C., Kalmady, S. V., Venkatasubramanian, G., & Gangadhar, B. N. (2014) · Journal of Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.neuropsych.14030049 · Cited by 14
Targeting the superior temporal gyrus with real-time fMRI neurofeedback: A pilot study of the indirect effects on self-referential processes in schizophrenia
Morfini, F., Bauer, C. C. C., Zhang, J., Whitfield, S., Shinn, A. K., & Niznikiewicz, M. A. (2024) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2024.06.036 · Cited by 12
“Together the STG, mPFC, PCC, and ACC are considered part of a functional brain circuit - a “ self-reference network ” - associated with the onset and maintenance of AHs in SZ (Hugdahl, 2015; Hugdahl et al., 2009; Northoff and Qin, 2011).”
Superior temporal metabolic changes related to auditory hallucinations: a 31P-MR spectroscopy study in antipsychotic-free schizophrenia patients
Nenadić, I., Dietzek, M., Langbein, K., Rzanny, R., Gussew, A., Reichenbach, J., Sauer, H., & Smesny, S. (2013) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-013-0604-9 · Cited by 12
Morphometric Differences in Planum Temporale in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Revealed by Statistical Analysis of Labeled Cortical Depth Maps
Ratnanather, J. T., Cebron, S., Ceyhan, E., Postell, E., Pisano, D. V., Poynton, C. B., Crocker, B., Honeycutt, N. A., Mahon, P. B., & Barta, P. E. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00094 · Cited by 13
“These functions may be disrupted by auditory hallucinations resulting in the classic psychotic symptoms of SCZ (8), which differ from those seen in BPD (9).”
Background
Deficits in Sense of Body Ownership, Sensory Processing, and Temporal Perception in Schizophrenia Patients With/Without Auditory Verbal Hallucinations
He, J., Ren, H., Li, J., Dong, M., Dai, L., Li, Z., Miao, Y., Li, Y., Tan, P., Gu, L., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2022.831714 · Cited by 12
“This theory is supported by neuroimaging findings that suggest patients with AVHs also show deficits in processing exogenously presented sounds (David et al., 1996; Woodruff et al., 1997; Hugdahl et al., 2009; Kompus et al., 2011).”
Result
Neuropsychopharmacology of auditory hallucinations: insights from pharmacological functional MRI and perspectives for future research
Johnsen, E., Hugdahl, K., Fusar‐Poli, P., Kroken, R. A., & Kompus, K. (2012) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1586/ern.12.147 · Cited by 13
Language Lateralization and Auditory Attention Impairment in Young Adults at Ultra-High Risk for Psychosis: A Dichotic Listening Study
Aase, I., Kompus, K., Gisselgård, J., Joa, I., Johannessen, J. O., & Brønnick, K. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00608 · Cited by 11
Experiencing malevolent voices is associated with attentional dysfunction in psychotic patients
Kråkvik, B., Stiles, T. C., & Hugdahl, K. (2013) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/sjop.12024 · Cited by 11
“The latter finding is consistent with earlier research indicating a relationship between frequency of auditory hallucination and levels of perceived control over voices (Honig et al., 1998; Hugdahl et al., 2009; Leudar et al., 1997).”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Paracingulate Sulcus Length and Cortical Thickness in Schizophrenia Patients With and Without a Lifetime History of Auditory Hallucinations
Ćurĉić‐Blake, B., de Vries, A., Renken, R. J., Marsman, J.-B., Garrison, J. R., Hugdahl, K., & Aleman, A. (2023) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbac072 · Cited by 11
“6 More recently, evidence is mounting for a role of the paracingulate sulcus (PCS), which has been reported to be involved in reality monitoring processing.”
Background
White Matter Microstructural Differences between Hallucinating and Non-Hallucinating Schizophrenia Spectrum Patients
Bereśniewicz, J., Craven, A., Hugdahl, K., Løberg, E., Kroken, R., Johnsen, E., & Grüner, R. (2021) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics11010139 · Cited by 8
“However, none of the previous studies have demonstrated a direct link between hemispheric differences for FA-values, and for difference in asymmetry between AVH+ and AVH- patients, indicating a structural correlate to known behavioral and functional differences between AVH+ and AVH- patients (cf. Falkenberg, Westerhau…”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Schizophrenia as a Disorder of Communication
Niznikiewicz, M., Kubicki, M., Mulert, C., & Condray, R. (2013) · Schizophrenia Research and Treatment · doi:10.1155/2013/952034 · Cited by 12
“Finally, two major features of schizophrenia pathology, hallucinations and delusions, involve, in addition to abnormalities in cognitive control [20, 21] and in perceptual and attentional processes [22], also abnormalities in the sense of agency [23].”
Background
The Hyperactivity of Efferent Auditory System in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions Study
Wahab, N. A. A., Wahab, S. B., Rahman, A. H. A., Sidek, D., & Zakaria, M. N. (2016) · Psychiatry Investigation · doi:10.4306/pi.2016.13.1.82 · Cited by 10
Altered parahippocampal gyrus activation and its connectivity with resting-state network areas in schizophrenia: An EEG study
Soni, S., Muthukrishnan, S. P., Sood, M., Kaur, S., & Sharma, R. (2020) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2020.03.066 · Cited by 9
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy in schizophrenia patients with auditory verbal hallucinations: Preliminary observations
Chhabra, H., Selvaraj, S., Sreeraj, V. S., Dinakaran, D., Shivakumar, V., Kumar, V., Narayanaswamy, J. C., & Venkatasubramanian, G. (2022) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103127 · Cited by 8
The Feature of Sleep Spindle Deficits in Patients With Schizophrenia With and Without Auditory Verbal Hallucinations
Sun, J., Deng, H., Wang, S., Cui, Y.-P., Yang, X., Wang, C., Chen, Y., Yang, Q., Wang, H., & Qin, W. (2021) · Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2021.07.013 · Cited by 7
Aberrant timing and oddball detection in Schizophrenia: findings from a signed differential mapping meta-analysis
Alústiza, I., Garcés, M. S., Solanes, A., Goena, J., Ortuño, M., Molero, P., Raduà, J., & Ortuño, F. (2018) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e01004 · Cited by 7
“, 2016, 2017), other authors (Hugdahl et al., 2009; Guerrero-Pedraza et al., 2012) have suggested that both hypo- and hyper-activation might be necessary for efficient cognitive functioning because the upregulation of one network will require the down-regulation of another (Nygard et al.”
Background
Towards an Integrative Account of Potential Mechanisms Mediating the Path From Sleep Dysfunction to Hallucinations
Sheaves, B., Cropley, V. L., Moseley, P., Woodruff, P. W. R., Punton, G., Speth, C., Speth, J., Meerlo, P., & Brederoo, S. G. (2025) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbaf107 · Cited by 6
The Potential Role of Regulatory Genes (DNMT3A, HDAC5, and HDAC9) in Antipsychotic Treatment Response in South African Schizophrenia Patients
O’Connell, K. S., McGregor, N. W., Emsley, R. A., Seedat, S., & Warnich, L. (2019) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2019.00641 · Cited by 6
Neurodevelopmental Influences in Psychosis: A Case of Left Cerebral Hemiatrophy and Schizoaffective Disorder
Demirtaş-Tatlıdede, A., Yalçın, A. D., & Canpolat, T. G. (2013) · Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni-Bulletin of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.5455/bcp.20130313050207 · Cited by 6
“considerable amount of evidence indicating left hemisphere dysfunction in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder (12-15).”
Background
Cognitive predictors of longitudinal positive symptom course in clinical high risk for psychosis
Aase, I., Langeveld, J., Johannessen, J., Joa, I., Dalen, I., & Hegelstad, W. T. V. (2021) · Schizophrenia Research: Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.scog.2021.100210 · Cited by 5
“The SCID-I reliability for this team is good (K = 0.76) (Joa et al., 2007) and the weekly staff discussions minimised the risk of drift.”
BackgroundInfluential
Discrimination of auditory verbal hallucination in schizophrenia based on EEG brain networks
Wang, J., Dong, W., Li, Y., Wydell, T. N., Quan, W., Tian, J., Song, Y., Jiang, L., Li, F., Yi, C., et al. (2023) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2023.111632 · Cited by 5
Short-term antipsychotic treatment reduces functional connectivity of the striatum in first-episode drug-naïve early-onset schizophrenia
Hu, W., Ran, X., Wu, Z., Zhu, H., Kou, Y., Zhang, S., Yang, G., Li, W., Yang, Y., Lv, L., et al. (2024) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2024.06.016 · Cited by 4
Enhanced Beta2-band Oscillations Denote Auditory Hallucination in Schizophrenia Patients and a Monkey Model of Psychosis
Ma, S., Chen, T., Jia, W., Liu, J., Ding, S.-H., Li, P., Gan, H., Zhang, D., Shao, S., Poo, M., et al. (2023) · Neuroscience Bulletin · doi:10.1007/s12264-023-01100-2 · Cited by 4
“Previous brain imaging studies have provided a wealth of information on the abnormal structural and functional connectivity of schizophrenia patients with AHs [40–44].”
Detection of auditory hallucinations from electroencephalographic brain–computer interface signals
García-Martínez, B., Fernández-Sotos, P., Ricarte, J. J., Sánchez‐Morla, E. M., Sánchez-Reolid, R., Rodríguez–Jiménez, R., & Fernández‐Caballero, A. (2023) · Cognitive Systems Research · doi:10.1016/j.cogsys.2023.101176 · Cited by 4
LSD reconfigures the frequency-specific network landscape of the human brainPreprint
Shinozuka, K., Rosso, M., Coleman, C. R., Roseman, L., Kaelen, M., Muthukumaraswamy, S. D., Nutt, D., Carhart-Harris, R. L., Vuust, P., Kringelbach, M. L., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.03.21.644645 · Cited by 4
“While hallucinations on LSD tend to be more visual than auditory, both psychedelic-induced and schizophrenic hallucinations share the common characteristic of misattributing internally generated perception to the external world (Hugdahl et al., 2009).”
Left auditory cortex dysfunction in hallucinating patients with schizophrenia: An MEG study
Haesebaert, F., Lecaignard, F., Suaud‐Chagny, M., d’Amato, T., Saoud, M., Poulet, E., Bertrand, O., & Brunelin, J. (2012) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2012.07.022 · Cited by 3
Neural Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Schizophrenia: A Case Study using Functional Near-infrared Spectroscopy
Taylor, S., Chhabra, H., Sreeraj, V. S., Shivakumar, V., Kalmady, S. V., & Venkatasubramanian, G. (2017) · Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine · doi:10.4103/ijpsym.ijpsym_238_17 · Cited by 3
“[1,3-5] Although many potential mechanisms may underpin the effects of tDCS on AVHs, current evidence suggests the primary effect results from neuromodulation of cortical excitability at the left temporoparietal junction (TPJ) and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC).[1,6,7] However, assessing the effects of tD…”
Background
Neurocognitive Models of Auditory Verbal Hallucinations in Schizophrenia: A Review.
Panikratova, Y. R., & Лебедева, И. С. (2022) · Clinical Psychology and Special Education · doi:10.17759/cpse.2022110105 · Cited by 3
Investigating the effect of rTMS over the temporoparietal cortex on the Right Ear Advantage for perceived and imagined voices
Prete, G., Rollo, B., Palumbo, R., Ceccato, I., Mammarella, N., Domenico, A. D., Capotosto, P., & Tommasi, L. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-75671-z · Cited by 3
Childhood-Onset Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders
Knorr, J. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-57196-6_5 · Cited by 2
Hacking into Cybertherapy: Considering a Gesture-enhanced Therapy with Avatars (g+TA)
Gerner, A. (2020) · Kairos · doi:10.2478/kjps-2020-0004 · Cited by 2
The Classification of Hallucination: The Identification of Significant Time-Domain EEG Signals
Lim, C. H., Kumar, J. L. M., Rashid, M., Musa, R. M., Razman, M. A. M., Sulaiman, N., Jailani, R., & Majeed, A. P. P. A. (2021) · Lecture notes in electrical engineering · doi:10.1007/978-981-33-4597-3_90 · Cited by 2
Effects of Presentation Side and Emotional Valence on Auditory Recognition in Younger and Older Adults
Prete, G., Malatesta, G., D’Anselmo, A., Palumbo, R., Ceccato, I., Malva, P. L., Crosta, A. D., Mammarella, N., Tommasi, L., & Domenico, A. D. (2024) · Symmetry · doi:10.3390/sym16070835 · Cited by 1
Anatomía del trastorno bipolar y la esquizofrenia: metaanálisis
Ellison-Wright, I., & Bullmore, E. T. (2011) · Psiquiatría Biológica · doi:10.1016/j.psiq.2011.05.002 · Cited by 1
Studies on Effects of Aircraft Noise on Behavior of Rats, Their Plasma Norepinephrine Levels and Cell Morphology of the Temporal Lobe
Di, G. (2016) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/62586 · Cited by 1
“Therefore, when neurons of the temporal lobe are damaged, a variety of mental disorders are likely to occur, such as cognitive decline, memory reduction, or subjective emotional instability [30].”
Background
The Imaging and Cognition Genetics Conference 2011, ICG 2011: A Meeting of Minds
Hellard, S. L., & Hanson, I. M. (2012) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2012.00074
“Healthy individuals can use attentional focus to distinguish between different sounds presented simultaneously in auditory tests, but patients with frequent auditory hallucinations lack this “top-down” control (Hugdahl et al., 2009).”
Background
Schizophrénie, cognition et neuro-imagerie
Kaladjian, A., Fakra, É., Adida, M., Belzeaux-R, R., Cermolacce, M., & Azorin, J. (2011) · L Encéphale · doi:10.1016/s0013-7006(11)70038-0

Authors: Hugdahl, K.
Affiliations: Haukeland University Hospital (NO)
Corresponding author: Hugdahl, Kenneth
ORCID: Hugdahl, Kenneth
Venue: Frontiers in Neuroscience
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Published: 2009-05
Volume: 3
Issue: 1
Pages: 34-45
ISSN: 1662-453X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3389/neuro.01.001.2009
PMC: PMC2695389
OpenAlex: W150090035
Cited by: 112
References: 62
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 9
FWCI: 3.56
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
Locations: Frontiers in Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, other-oa)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders: Norges Forskningsråd
Haukeland Universitetssjukehus
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Hallucinations in medical conditions
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
Keywords: auditory hallucinations, schizophrenia, left temporal lobe, superior temporal gyrus, superior temporal sulcus, cognitive control, gray matter reduction, functional MRI, structural MRI, hallucination mitigation

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Left temporal lobe structural and functional abnormality underlying auditory hallucinations

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks