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Dietary High Sodium Fluoride Impairs Digestion and Absorption Ability, Mucosal Immunity, and Alters Cecum Microbial Community of Laying Hens

Miao, Liping, Zhu, Mingkun, Li, Huaiyu, Xu, Qianqian, Dong, Xinyang, Zou, Xiaoting·2020·Animals
DOI 10.3390/ani10020179PMC PMC7070338
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Abstract

(1) Background: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary fluoride (F) on tissue retention, digestive enzymes activities, mucosal immunity, and cecum microbial community of laying hens. (2) Methods: Total of 288 37-week-old Hy-Line Gray laying hens with similar laying rate (85.16% ± 3.87%) were adapted to the basal diets for ten days, and then allocated into three groups at random (n = 9, 6, 6 replicates/group). The concentrations of F in the diets were 31.19 (the control group, CON), 431.38 (F400, low-F group) and 1237.16 mg/kg (F1200, high-F group), respectively. The trial lasted for 59 days. (3) Results: Results suggested that F residuals in duodenum responded to dietary F concentrations positively. The activities of amylase, maltase and lactase were decreased in high-F group, compared with those in the control group. The mRNA expression levels of jejunum and ileum secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and Mucin 2, and sIgA concentrations were decreased inhigh-F group, than those in the control group. The observed operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of laying hens in high-F group were higher than the CON and low-F groups, and the bacterial structure was different from the other two groups. The Lactobacillus was higher in the control group, while Gammaproteobacteria, Escherichia-Shigella, Streptococcaceae, and Enterobacteriaceae were higher in the high-F group. (4) Conclusions: The actual results confirmed that dietary high F intake increased the F residuals in duodenum, and reduced the digestion and absorption of nutrients and immunity via decreasing the activities of digestive enzymes, impairing intestine mucosal immunity, and disturbing the cecum microbial homeostasis of laying hens.

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Figure 1 Effects of dietary fluoride (F) level on the contents of F in the duodenum. Values were showed as the means and SD (n = 6). a–c Means with different superscript letters are significantly different (p < 0.05). CON, the control group, basal diet; F400 and F1200, diets supplemented with 400, and 1200 mg F/kg feed from sodium fluoride, respectively.
Figure 1 Effects of dietary fluoride (F) level on the contents of F in the duodenum. Values were showed as the means and SD (n = 6). a–c Means with different superscript letters are significantly different (p < 0.05). CON, the control group, basal diet; F400 and F1200, diets supplemented with 400, and 1200 mg F/kg feed from sodium fluoride, respectively.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 Effects of dietary fluoride levels on digestive enzyme activities of laying hens (n = 6). Values were showed as the means and SD (n = 6). a,b Means without common letters above the histogram differ significantly (p < 0.05). CON, the control group, basal diet; F400 and F1200, diets supplemented with 400, and 1200 mg F/kg feed from sodium fluoride, respectively.
Figure 2 Effects of dietary fluoride levels on digestive enzyme activities of laying hens (n = 6). Values were showed as the means and SD (n = 6). a,b Means without common letters above the histogram differ significantly (p < 0.05). CON, the control group, basal diet; F400 and F1200, diets supplemented with 400, and 1200 mg F/kg feed from sodium fluoride, respectively.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 3 Effect of dietary fluoride levels on the mRNA expression levels of sIgA and MUC2 in jejunum and ileum of laying hens (n = 6 in each group). Values were showed as the means and SD (n = 6). (a,b) Means without common letters above the histogram differ significantly (p < 0.05). sIgA, Secretory immunoglobulin A; MUC2, Mucin 2. CON, the control group, basal diet; F400 and F1200, diets supplemented with 400, and 1200 mg F/kg feed from sodium fluoride, respectively.
Figure 3 Effect of dietary fluoride levels on the mRNA expression levels of sIgA and MUC2 in jejunum and ileum of laying hens (n = 6 in each group). Values were showed as the means and SD (n = 6). (a,b) Means without common letters above the histogram differ significantly (p < 0.05). sIgA, Secretory immunoglobulin A; MUC2, Mucin 2. CON, the control group, basal diet; F400 and F1200, diets supplemented with 400, and 1200 mg F/kg feed from sodium fluoride, respectively.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 4 Effect of dietary fluoride levels on the contents of sIgA in jejunum and ileum of laying hens (n = 6 in each group). Values were showed as the means and SD (n = 6). (a–c) Mean without common letters above the histogram differ significantly (p < 0.05). sIgA, Secretory immunoglobulin A. CON, the control group, basal diet; F400 and F1200, diets supplemented with 400, and 1200 mg F/kg feed from sodium fluoride, respectively.
Figure 4 Effect of dietary fluoride levels on the contents of sIgA in jejunum and ileum of laying hens (n = 6 in each group). Values were showed as the means and SD (n = 6). (a–c) Mean without common letters above the histogram differ significantly (p < 0.05). sIgA, Secretory immunoglobulin A. CON, the control group, basal diet; F400 and F1200, diets supplemented with 400, and 1200 mg F/kg feed from sodium fluoride, respectively.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 5 Effects of dietary fluoride level on Venn diagram of cecal microbiota between groups (n = 5). Venn diagram was obtained at operational taxonomic units (OTUs) levels (97% similarity threshold). CON, the control group basal diet; F400 and F1200, diets supplemented with 400, and 1200 mg F/kg feed from sodium fluoride, respectively.
Figure 5 Effects of dietary fluoride level on Venn diagram of cecal microbiota between groups (n = 5). Venn diagram was obtained at operational taxonomic units (OTUs) levels (97% similarity threshold). CON, the control group basal diet; F400 and F1200, diets supplemented with 400, and 1200 mg F/kg feed from sodium fluoride, respectively.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 6 Effects of dietary fluoride level on the beta diversity of cecal microbiota between groups (n = 5). (A) nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) plot. (B) Clustering analysis. CON, the control group, basal diet; F400 and F1200, diets supplemented with 400, and 1200 mg F/kg feed from sodium fluoride, respectively
Figure 6 Effects of dietary fluoride level on the beta diversity of cecal microbiota between groups (n = 5). (A) nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) plot. (B) Clustering analysis. CON, the control group, basal diet; F400 and F1200, diets supplemented with 400, and 1200 mg F/kg feed from sodium fluoride, respectivelyCC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 7 Cladogram representation of the differentially abundant families and genera (only top 50% are plotted here, n = 5). The root of the cladogram indicates the domain bacteria. The taxonomic levels of phylum and class are marked, while family and genus are abbreviated, with different colors indicating the group hosting the greatest abundance. The size of each node represents its relative abundance. CON, the control group, basal diet; F400 and F1200, diets supplemented with 400, and 1200 mg F/kg feed from sodium fluoride, respectively.
Figure 7 Cladogram representation of the differentially abundant families and genera (only top 50% are plotted here, n = 5). The root of the cladogram indicates the domain bacteria. The taxonomic levels of phylum and class are marked, while family and genus are abbreviated, with different colors indicating the group hosting the greatest abundance. The size of each node represents its relative abundance. CON, the control group, basal diet; F400 and F1200, diets supplemented with 400, and 1200 mg F/kg feed from sodium fluoride, respectively.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 8 Effects of dietary fluoride level on the relative abundance of intestinal opportunistic pathogen and beneficial bacteria in cecum of laying hens. Values are means ± SD (n = 5). a–b Means with different superscript letters are significantly different (p < 0.05). CON, the control group, basal diet; F400 and F1200, diets supplemented with 400, and 1200 mg F/kg feed from sodium fluoride, respectively.
Figure 8 Effects of dietary fluoride level on the relative abundance of intestinal opportunistic pathogen and beneficial bacteria in cecum of laying hens. Values are means ± SD (n = 5). a–b Means with different superscript letters are significantly different (p < 0.05). CON, the control group, basal diet; F400 and F1200, diets supplemented with 400, and 1200 mg F/kg feed from sodium fluoride, respectively.CC BY · PubMed Central

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Metadata

Authors
Miao, L., Zhu, M., Li, H., Xu, Q., Dong, X., & Zou, X.
Affiliations
Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
ORCID
Venue
Animals
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2020-01-21
Volume
10
Issue
2
Pages
179
ISSN
2076-2615
DOI
10.3390/ani10020179
PMC
PMC7070338
Cited by
11
References
3
Language
en
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Funders
the earmarked fund for Modern Argo-Industry Technology Research System of China (No. CARS-40-K10)

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Dietary High Sodium Fluoride Impairs Digestion and Absorption Ability, Mucosal Immunity, and Alters Cecum Microbial Community of Laying Hens. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.3390/ani10020179
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Miao, L., Zhu, M., Li, H., Xu, Q., Dong, X., & Zou, X. (2020). Dietary High Sodium Fluoride Impairs Digestion and Absorption Ability, Mucosal Immunity, and Alters Cecum Microbial Community of Laying Hens. Animals. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10020179