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Cited by 420Vitamin C and Antioxidants ResearchAntioxidant Activity and Oxidative StressPhytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities

Antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity of ascorbic acid

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Gęgotek, Agnieszka, Skrzydlewska, Elżbieta·2022·Antioxidants
DOI 10.3390/antiox11101993PMC PMC9598715
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Abstract

Ascorbic acid, as a one of the basic exogenous vitamins, occurs in the body in the form of ascorbate, known for its strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The presented review shows not only the importance of ascorbate as a free radical scavenger but also summarizes its antioxidant action based on other mechanisms, including the activation of intracellular antioxidant systems and its effect on the NFκB/TNFα pathway and apoptosis. Ascorbate interacts with small-molecule antioxidants, including tocopherol, glutathione, and thioredoxin; it can also stimulate biosynthesis and the activation of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, or glutathione peroxidase. Moreover, ascorbate promotes the activity of transcription factors (Nrf2, Ref-1, AP-1), which enables the expression of genes encoding antioxidant proteins. Additionally, it supports the action of other exogenous antioxidants, mainly polyphenols. In this regard, both DNA, proteins, and lipids are protected against oxidation, leading to an inflammatory reaction and even cell death. Although ascorbate has strong antioxidant properties, it can also have pro-oxidant effects in the presence of free transition metals. However, its role in the prevention of DNA mutation, inflammation, and cell apoptosis, especially in relation to cancer cells, is controversial.

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  • Vitamin C supplementation dramatically lowers plasma malondialdehyde levels in individuals with T2DM.

    “Vitamin C supplementation dramatically lowers plasma malondialdehyde (toxic and biological marker for OS) levels in individuals with T2DM (77, 78).”

    From A critical review on diabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2 management approaches: from lifestyle modification to current and novel targets and therapeutic agents. (2024) · cites this paper as [77]

    Section 4.2 (page not provided) says ascorbate protects against increases in malondialdehyde under several stress conditions, but does not report that it lowers plasma malondialdehyde in people with type 2 diabetes. The same section reports reduced plasma isoprostanes in patients with diseases including diabetes; isoprostanes are a different marker. The claimed dramatic reduction is not established. (LLM, conf=0.88)

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Authors
Gęgotek, A., & Skrzydlewska, E.
Affiliations
  • Medical University of Białystok (PL)
  • Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland
ORCID
Venue
Antioxidants
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2022-10-07
Volume
11
Issue
10
Pages
1993
ISSN
2076-3921 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/antiox11101993
PMC
PMC9598715
OpenAlex
W4303579043
Cited by
420
References
7
Citations by year
2026: 106 · 2025: 150 · 2024: 114 · 2023: 47 · 2022: 3
FWCI
10.59
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Antioxidants (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Vitamin C and Antioxidants Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
Keywords
vitamin C, antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory activity, free radical scavenging, apoptosis, Nrf2, Ref-1, AP-1, antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, tocopherols, glutathione, thioredoxin, polyphenols, pro-oxidant activity, transition metals, DNA oxidation, cancer prevention

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