Silymarin as a Natural Antioxidant: An Overview of the Current Evidence and Perspectives

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An overview of advanced formulation and nanotechnology-based approaches for solubility and bioavailability enhancement of silymarin

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Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Different Extracts of Silybum marianum Collected from Duhok (Iraq)

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Modulatory Effect of Monochromatic Blue Light on Heat Stress Response in Commercial Broilers

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The anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects of tadalafil in thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosis in rats

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Understanding the mechanistic potential of plant based phytochemicals in management of postmenopausal osteoporosis

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Anti-aflatoxin activities of milk thistle (Silybum marianum) in broiler

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Phytochemical analysis, molecular docking and antiamnesic effects of methanolic extract of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn seeds in scopolamine induced memory impairment in mice

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Synthesis and characterization of zinc-silibinin complexes: A potential bioactive compound with angiogenic, and antibacterial activity for bone tissue engineering

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Interactive Effects of Light and Melatonin on Biosynthesis of Silymarin and Anti-Inflammatory Potential in Callus Cultures of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.

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A Descriptive Review of the Action Mechanisms of Berberine, Quercetin and Silymarin on Insulin Resistance/Hyperinsulinemia and Cardiovascular Prevention

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Silymarin: a review on paving the way towards promising pharmacological agent

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Advancements in Understanding and Enhancing Antioxidant-Mediated Sperm Cryopreservation in Small Ruminants: Challenges and Perspectives

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Silibinin protects human endothelial cells from high glucose‐induced injury by enhancing autophagic response

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Protective Effect of Silymarin and Gallic Acid against Cisplatin‐Induced Nephrotoxicity and Hepatotoxicity

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A Comprehensive Review of the Cardiovascular Protective Properties of Silibinin/Silymarin: A New Kid on the Block

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In vitro neuroprotective potential of lichen metabolite fumarprotocetraric acid via intracellular redox modulation

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Oral silymarin formulation efficacy in management of AC-T protocol induced hepatotoxicity in breast cancer patients: A randomized, triple blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial

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Natural Compounds in Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: Prevention and Treatment

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Preventive effect of silymarin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles against global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats

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Antioxidant properties of dietary supplements of free and nanoencapsulated silymarin and their ameliorative effects on silver nanoparticles induced oxidative stress in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

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Radioprotective effects of Silymarin on the sperm parameters of NMRI mice irradiated with γ-rays

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Silymarin ameliorates expression of urotensin II (U-II) and its receptor (UTR) and attenuates toxic oxidative stress in the heart of rats with type 2 diabetes

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Hepatoprotective Effects of Silymarin on Liver Injury via Irisin Upregulation and Oxidative Stress Reduction in Rats with Type 2 Diabetes.

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Flavonolignan 2,3-dehydrosilydianin activates Nrf2 and upregulates NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 in Hepa1c1c7 cells

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Flavonoids sensitize tumor cells to radiation: molecular mechanisms and relevance to cancer radiotherapy

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Food for thought: nano-selenium in poultry nutrition and health

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Bio-Actives from Natural Products with Potential Cardioprotective Properties: Isolation, Identification, and Pharmacological Actions of Apigenin, Quercetin, and Silibinin

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Effects of silymarin on growth performance, antioxidant capacity and immune response in turbot ( Scophthalmus maximus L.)

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Anti-apoptotic effect of silymarin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles on hippocampal caspase-3 and Bcl-2 expression following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury

Sangdehi, S. R. M., Moghaddam, A. H., & Ranjbar, M. (2020) · International Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/00207454.2020.1860971 · Cited by 39

Antioxidant Phytochemicals for the Prevention of Fluoride-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis: a Review

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The clinical anti-inflammatory effects and underlying mechanisms of silymarin

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Clinical characteristics and outcome of toxicity from Amanita mushroom poisoning

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Effect of dietary tryptophan supplementation on growth performance, immune response and anti‐oxidant status of broiler chickens from 7 to 21 days

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Fraxin Prevents Chemically Induced Hepatotoxicity by Reducing Oxidative Stress

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Refining the Trapping of Therapeutic Agent Silybin A in Functionalized β- and γ-Cyclodextrin Cavitands for Improved Supramolecular Complexation

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Efficacy of Pre- and Post-Treatment by Topical Formulations Containing Dissolved and Suspended Silybum marianum against UVB-Induced Oxidative Stress in Guinea Pig and on HaCaT Keratinocytes

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Effects of gamma rays on rat testis tissue according to the morphological parameters and immunohistochemistry: radioprotective role of silymarin

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Carnitine Enigma: From Antioxidant Action to Vitagene Regulation. Part 2. Transcription Factors and Practical Applications

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Effects of silymarin supplementation during transition and lactation on reproductive performance, milk composition and haematological parameters in sows

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Silibinin treatment prevents endotoxin-induced uveitis in rats in vivo and in vitro

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A review of the botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, synthetic biology and comprehensive utilization of Silybum marianum

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Silymarin Nanoformulation as Potential Anticancer Agent in Experimental Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma-Bearing Animals

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Effects of dietary silymarin (SM) supplementation on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, antioxidant capacity and lipid metabolism gene expression in large yellow croaker ( Larimichthys crocea ) larvae

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Garcinia cambogia Ameliorates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress-Mediated Steatosis and Apoptosis through NRF2-ARE Activation

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Effects of benzo[a]pyrene as an environmental pollutant and two natural antioxidants on biomarkers of reproductive dysfunction in male rats

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Therapeutic Potentials of the Most Studied Flavonoids: Highlighting Antibacterial and Antidiabetic Functionalities

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Esomeprazole ameliorates CCl4 induced liver fibrosis in rats via modulating oxidative stress, inflammatory, fibrogenic and apoptotic markers

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Silymarin attenuates aspartame-induced variation in mouse behaviour, cerebrocortical morphology and oxidative stress markers

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Impact of silymarin on cadmium‐induced apoptosis in human spermatozoa

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Nutrition and microRNAs: Novel Insights to Fight Sarcopenia

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Silymarin Inhibits Glutamate Release and Prevents against Kainic Acid-Induced Excitotoxic Injury in Rats

Lü, C.-W., Lin, T., Chiu, K., Lee, M.-Y., Huang, J.-H., & Wang, S. (2020) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines8110486 · Cited by 31

Chelation of mercury intoxication and testing different protective aspects ofLactococcus lactisprobiotic in African catfish

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Plants-based medicine implication in the evolution of chronic liver diseases

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Chemical and pharmaceutical evaluation of the relationship between triazole linkers and pore size on cyclodextrin–calixarene nanosponges used as carriers for natural drugs

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Expert Opinion on the Management of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in the Middle East with a Focus on the Use of Silymarin

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Effects of silymarin supplementation on liver and kidney functions: A systematic review and dose–response meta‐analysis

Mohammadi, S., Ashtary‐Larky, D., Asbaghi, O., Farrokhi, V., Jadidi, Y., Mofidi, F., Mohammadian, M., & Afrisham, R. (2024) · Phytotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/ptr.8173 · Cited by 29

Supplementation of Silymarin Alone or in Combination with Salvianolic Acids B and Puerarin Regulates Gut Microbiota and Its Metabolism to Improve High-Fat Diet-Induced NAFLD in Mice

Wang, X., Jin, Y., Di, C., Zeng, Y., Zhou, Y., Chen, Y., Pan, Z., Li, Z., & Ling, W. (2024) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16081169 · Cited by 29

The impact of silymarin on antioxidant and oxidative status in patients with β-thalassemia major: A crossover, randomized controlled trial

Darvishi‐Khezri, H., Salehifar, E., Kosaryan, M., Karami, H., Alipour, A., Shaki, F., & Aliasgharian, A. (2017) · Complementary Therapies in Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2017.08.007 · Cited by 29

Silibinin Effect on Fas/FasL, HMGB1, and CD45 Expressions in a Rat Model Subjected to Liver Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

Tsaroucha, A. K., Valsami, G. N., Kostomitsopoulos, N. G., Lambropoulou, M., Anagnostopoulos, C., Christodoulou, E., Falidas, E., Betsou, A., Pitiakoudis, M., & Simopoulos, C. E. (2017) · Journal of Investigative Surgery · doi:10.1080/08941939.2017.1360416 · Cited by 29

Antioxidant Systems and Vitagenes in Poultry Biology: Heat Shock Proteins

Surai, P. F., & Kochish, I. I. (2017) · Heat shock proteins · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-73377-7_5 · Cited by 29

Betaine and ascorbic acid modulate indoor behavior and some performance indicators of broiler chickens in response to hot-dry season

Egbuniwe, I. C., Ayo, J. O., & Ocheja, O. B. (2018) · Journal of Thermal Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jtherbio.2018.06.006 · Cited by 29

Vitis vinifera polyphenols from seedless black fruit act synergistically to suppress hepatotoxicity by targeting necroptosis and pro-fibrotic mediators

Abu-Serie, M. M., & Habashy, N. H. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-59489-z · Cited by 29

Analysis of polyphenolics

Niaz, K., & Khan, F. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816455-6.00003-2 · Cited by 33

Impact of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.) seeds in fattener diets on pig performance and carcass traits and fatty acid profile and cholesterol of meat, backfat and liver

GRELA, E. R., Świątkiewicz, M., Florek, M., & Wojtaszewska, I. (2020) · Livestock Science · doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104180 · Cited by 29

Herbal antioxidants in dialysis patients: a review of potential mechanisms and medical implications

Asgharpour, M., & Alirezaei, A. (2021) · Renal Failure · doi:10.1080/0886022x.2021.1880939 · Cited by 29

Antiparasitic effects of selected isoflavones on flatworms

Faixová, D., Hrčková, G., Kubašková, T. M., & Mudroňová, D. (2021) · Helminthologia · doi:10.2478/helm-2021-0004 · Cited by 29

Therapeutic mechanisms and beneficial effects of non-antidiabetic drugs in chronic liver diseases

Lee, H. A., Chang, Y. W., Sung, P. S., Yoon, E. L., Lee, H. W., Yoo, J., Lee, Y., An, J., Song, D. S., Cho, Y. Y., et al. (2022) · Clinical and Molecular Hepatology · doi:10.3350/cmh.2022.0186 · Cited by 31

Thiamethoxam evoked neural oxido-inflammatory stress in male rats through modulation of Nrf2/NF-kB/iNOS signaling and inflammatory cytokines: Neuroprotective effect of Silymarin

Habotta, O. A., Ateya, A. I., Saleh, R. M., & El‐Ashry, E. S. (2023) · NeuroToxicology · doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2023.03.004 · Cited by 29

Promising Phytogenic Feed Additives Used as Anti-Mycotoxin Solutions in Animal Nutrition

Quesada‐Vázquez, S., Moreno, R. C., Badia, A. D., Castro, Ó., & Riahi, I. (2024) · Toxins · doi:10.3390/toxins16100434 · Cited by 32

A comparison of the effects of thymoquinone, silymarin and N-acetylcysteine in an experimental hepatotoxicity

Demirören, K., Basunlu, M. T., Erten, R., & Çokluk, E. (2018) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.125 · Cited by 28

A Short Review on Glucogallin and its Pharmacological Activities

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Hepatoprotective effects of litchi (Litchi chinensis) procyanidin A2 on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in ICR mice

Chen, L.-G., Chang, C.-W., Tsay, J.-G., & Weng, B. B. (2017) · Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine · doi:10.3892/etm.2017.4358 · Cited by 28

Clinical applications of small molecule inhibitors of Pregnane X receptor

Staudinger, J. L. (2019) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2019.02.002 · Cited by 28

The chemical composition of a cold-pressed milk thistle seed flour extract, and its potential health beneficial properties

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Ameliorative effects of silymarin on HCl-induced acute lung injury in rats; role of the Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway.

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Silymarin-albumin nanoplex: Preparation and its potential application as an antioxidant in nervous system in vitro and in vivo

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Cardioprotective Efficacy of Silymarin Liquisolid in Isoproterenol Prompted Myocardial Infarction in Rats

Sheta, N. M., Elfeky, Y. A., & Boshra, S. A. (2020) · AAPS PharmSciTech · doi:10.1208/s12249-019-1609-3 · Cited by 28

Silymarin Ameliorates Oxidative Stress and Enhances Antioxidant Defense System Capacity in Cadmium-Treated Mice.

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Moderation of doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats by aqueous leaf-extracts of Chromolaena odorata and Tridax procumbens

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Micelle silymarin supplementation to sows’ diet from day 109 of gestation to entire lactation period enhances reproductive performance and affects serum hormones and metabolites

Zhang, Q., Ahn, J. M., & Kim, I. H. (2021) · Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.1093/jas/skab354 · Cited by 27

Protective effect of silymarin on tacrolimus-induced kidney and liver toxicity

Terzi̇, F., & Ciftci, M. K. (2022) · BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies · doi:10.1186/s12906-022-03803-x · Cited by 27

Silybin-conjugated gold nanoparticles for antimicrobial chemotherapy against Gram-negative bacteria

Islan, G. A., Das, S., Cacicedo, M. L., Halder, A., Mukherjee, A., Cuestas, M. L., Roy, P., Castro, G. R., & Mukherjee, A. (2019) · Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101181 · Cited by 27

Pharmacological landscape of endoplasmic reticulum stress: Uncovering therapeutic avenues for metabolic diseases

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Exploring Alzheimer's disease treatment: Established therapies and novel strategies for future care

Soni, U., Singh, K., Jain, D., & Pujari, R. (2025) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2025.177520 · Cited by 28

25. Antioxidant system regulation: from vitamins to vitagenes

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Copper or free radical scavenger?

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Thiamethoxam‐induced oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and disturbance of steroidogenic genes in male rats: Palliative role of Saussurea lappa and Silybum marianum

Habotta, O. A., Ateya, A. I., Saleh, R. M., & El‐Ashry, E. S. (2021) · Environmental Toxicology · doi:10.1002/tox.23322 · Cited by 26

Polystyrene microplastic particles induced hepatotoxic injury via pyroptosis, oxidative stress, and fibrotic changes in adult male albino rats; the therapeutic role of silymarin

El-Sheikh, A. A., Alnasser, S. M., Shalaby, A. M., Alabiad, M. A., Abd-Almotaleb, N. A., Alorini, M., Jaber, F. A., & Khayal, E. E.-S. (2023) · Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods · doi:10.1080/15376516.2023.2191270 · Cited by 26

Interplay of silymarin and clove fruit extract effectively enhances cadmium stress tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum)

El‐Sappah, A. H., Metwally, M., Rady, M. M., Ali, H. M., Wang, L., Maitra, P., Ihtisham, M., Yan, K., Zhao, X., Li, J., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Plant Science · doi:10.3389/fpls.2023.1144319 · Cited by 26

Silibinin efficacy in a rat model of pulmonary arterial hypertension using monocrotaline and chronic hypoxia

Zhang, T., Kawaguchi, N., Yoshihara, K., Hayama, E., Furutani, Y., Kawaguchi, K., Tanaka, T. Q., & Nakanishi, T. (2019) · Respiratory Research · doi:10.1186/s12931-019-1041-y · Cited by 26

Silymarin enhances the response to oxytetracycline treatment in Oreochromis niloticus experimentally infected with Aeromonas hydrophila

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Metformin and silymarin afford protection in cyclosporine A induced hepatorenal toxicity in rat by modulating redox status and inflammation

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Anti-Angiogenic Effects of Natural Compounds in Diet-Associated Hepatic Inflammation

Novi, S., Vestuto, V., Campiglia, P., Tecce, N., Bertamino, A., & Tecce, M. F. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15122748 · Cited by 26

The Effects of Dietary Silybin Supplementation on the Growth Performance and Regulation of Intestinal Oxidative Injury and Microflora Dysbiosis in Weaned Piglets

Cai, L., Gao, G., Yin, C., Bai, R., Li, Y., Sun, W., Pi, Y., Jiang, X., & Li, X. (2023) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox12111975 · Cited by 25

The Liver, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants

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Global survey of medicinal plants during lactation and postpartum recovery: Evolutionary perspectives and contemporary health implications

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Nonpharmacologic Strategies to Modulate Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2–related Factor 2 Pathway in Chronic Kidney Disease

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Silymarin inhibits adipogenesis in the adipocytes in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus in vitro and in vivo

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Silymarin mitigates lung impairments in a rat model of acute respiratory distress syndrome

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Silymarin: not just another antioxidant

Camini, F. C., & Costa, D. C. (2020) · Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1515/jbcpp-2019-0206 · Cited by 71

Flavonoids of Silybum marianum (Milk thistle): Their multifaceted hepatoprotective effects against oxidative stress: A comprehensive review of preclinical and clinical evidence

Saadallah, H. A., AL-krdoshi, M. A., Aljarjary, N. H. S., Gaddawi, F. Y., & Fathi, S. M. (2026) · American Journal of Biopharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.25259/ajbps_5_2026

Milk Thistle ( Silybum marianum ) for the Therapy of Liver Disease

Flora, K. D., Hahn, M., Rosen, H. R., & Benner, K. G. (1998) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.1998.00139.x · Cited by 747

Silymarin

National Cancer Institute (2020) · Definitions · doi:10.32388/zode09

silymarin 的 Hepatoprotective 效果

Nancy, Vargas-Mendoza, Eduardo, E., Madrigal-Santillán, ngel, Morales-González, Jaime, Esquivel-Soto, César, Esquivel-Chirino, et al. (2014)