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Role of Selenoproteins in Redox Regulation of Signaling and the Antioxidant System: A Review
Open accessAbstract
Selenium is a vital trace element present as selenocysteine (Sec) in proteins that are, thus, known as selenoproteins. Humans have 25 selenoproteins, most of which are functionally characterized as oxidoreductases, where the Sec residue plays a catalytic role in redox regulation and antioxidant activity. Glutathione peroxidase plays a pivotal role in scavenging and inactivating hydrogen and lipid peroxides, whereas thioredoxin reductase reduces oxidized thioredoxins as well as non-disulfide substrates, such as lipid hydroperoxides and hydrogen peroxide. Selenoprotein R protects the cell against oxidative damage by reducing methionine-R-sulfoxide back to methionine. Selenoprotein O regulates redox homeostasis with catalytic activity of protein AMPylation. Moreover, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane selenoproteins (SelI, K, N, S, and Sel15) are involved in ER membrane stress regulation. Selenoproteins containing the CXXU motif (SelH, M, T, V, and W) are putative oxidoreductases that participate in various cellular processes depending on redox regulation. Herein, we review the recent studies on the role of selenoproteins in redox regulation and their physiological functions in humans, as well as their role in various diseases.
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“Se is an essential component of many proteins, called selenoproteins (Zhang et al. 2020).”
From Reactive Oxygen Species, Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants: Chronic Diseases and Aging (2023) · cites this paper as Zhang et al. 2020
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Metadata
- Authors
- Zhang, Y., Roh, Y. J., Han, S.-J., Park, I., Lee, H. M., Ok, Y. S., Lee, B. C., & Lee, S.-R.
- Affiliations
- Chonnam National University (KR)
- Korea University (KR)
- COTDE Inc. 19-3, Ugakgol-gil, Susin-myeon, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do 330-882, Korea
- Corresponding author
- Lee, Byung Cheon
- Lee, Seung-Rock
- Venue
- Antioxidants
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2020-05-05
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 383
- ISSN
- 2076-3921 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7278666
- OpenAlex
- W3022351363
- Cited by
- 267
- References
- 162
- Citations by year
- 2026: 52 · 2025: 55 · 2024: 51 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 9
- FWCI
- 3.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Antioxidants (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Research Foundation of Korea (2018R1D1A1B06051438, 2018M3A9F3055925, 2018R1A1A1A05079386)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Selenium in Biological Systems
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Organoselenium and organotellurium chemistry
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
- Keywords
- selenoproteins, selenocysteine, redox regulation, antioxidant defense, glutathione peroxidase, thioredoxin reductase, oxidative enzymes, redox homeostasis, oxidative stress
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