Optimized-Based Fault-Tolerant Control of an Electro-Hydraulic System with Disturbance Rejection
Open accessAbstract
In this article, the design and implementation of a fault-tolerant controller are proposed for an electro-hydraulic actuator (EHA) in the presence of disturbances and actuator faults. The existence of nonlinearities, uncertainties, and a bias fault (i.e., internal leakage fault) in the system dynamics significantly decreases the desired performance. The nonlinear disturbance observers (NDO) are constructed to handle the adverse influences caused by the above disadvantages. The whole fault-tolerant control (FTC) scheme consists of two design loops: an inner force control loop and an outer position control loop. The inner loop is based on an optimized backstepping framework to achieve the optimal performance, whilst the problem of uncertainties and disturbances is dealt with using a terminal sliding mode directly designed from the position tracking error. It is shown by theoretical analysis that system stability is ensured under faulty conditions. Finally, simulation results and comparison studies are conducted to further verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Adaptive Neural Control of Uncertain MIMO Nonlinear Systems
Ge, S. S., & Wang, C. (2004) · IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks · doi:10.1109/tnn.2004.826130 · Cited by 971 · see citing works
Yao, J., Jiao, Z., & Ma, D. (2014) · IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics · doi:10.1109/tie.2014.2304912 · Cited by 707 · see citing works
Wang, L., Chai, T., & Zhai, L. (2009) · IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics · doi:10.1109/tie.2008.2011350 · Cited by 597 · see citing works
Wen, G., Chen, C. L. P., & Ge, S. S. (2020) · IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics · doi:10.1109/tcyb.2020.3002108 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Optimized Backstepping for Tracking Control of Strict-Feedback Systems
Wen, G., Ge, S. S., & Tu, F. (2018) · IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems · doi:10.1109/tnnls.2018.2803726 · Cited by 337 · see citing works
Reinforcement learning-based optimal tracking control of an unknown unmanned surface vehicle
Wang, N., Gao, Y., Zhao, H., & Ahn, C. K. (2021) · IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems · doi:10.1109/tnnls.2020.3009214 · Cited by 322 · see citing works
Won, D., Kim, W., Shin, D., & Chung, C. C. (2014) · IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology · doi:10.1109/tcst.2014.2325895 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Reinforcement Learning Control of a Flexible Two-Link Manipulator: An Experimental Investigation
He, W., Gao, H., Zhou, C., Yang, C., & Li, Z. (2020) · IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Systems · doi:10.1109/tsmc.2020.2975232 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Deng, W., & Yao, J. (2019) · IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics · doi:10.1109/tmech.2019.2959297 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Adaptive RISE Control of Hydraulic Systems With Multilayer Neural-Networks
Yao, Z., Yao, J., & Sun, W. (2018) · IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics · doi:10.1109/tie.2018.2886773 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Optimized Adaptive Nonlinear Tracking Control Using Actor–Critic Reinforcement Learning Strategy
Wen, G., Chen, C. L. P., Ge, S. S., Yang, H., & Liu, X. (2019) · IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics · doi:10.1109/tii.2019.2894282 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Zhang, X., Wang, H., Stojanovic, V., Cheng, P., He, S.-P., Luan, X., & Liu, F. (2021) · IEEE transactions on fuzzy systems · doi:10.1109/tfuzz.2021.3086224 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Liu, Y., Zeng, Q. H., Tong, S., Chen, C. L. P., & Liu, L. (2019) · IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics · doi:10.1109/tie.2019.2937037 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Xu, Z., Deng, W., Shen, H., & Yao, J. (2022) · IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics · doi:10.1109/tmech.2022.3186390 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Exponential stability of nonlinear state-dependent delayed impulsive systems with applications
Xu, Z., Li, X., & Stojanović, V. (2021) · Nonlinear Analysis Hybrid Systems · doi:10.1016/j.nahs.2021.101088 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Yang, X., Yao, J., & Deng, W. (2020) · ISA Transactions · doi:10.1016/j.isatra.2020.09.014 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Output feedback backstepping control of hydraulic actuators with valve dynamics compensation
Deng, W., Yao, J., Wang, Y., Yang, X., & Chen, J. (2021) · Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing · doi:10.1016/j.ymssp.2021.107769 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Won, D., Kim, W., & Tomizuka, M. (2017) · IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics · doi:10.1109/tmech.2017.2764110 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
An Effective Disturbance-Observer-Based Nonlinear Controller for a Pump-Controlled Hydraulic System
Ba, D. X., Truong, D. Q., Bae, J., & Ahn, K. K. (2019) · IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics · doi:10.1109/tmech.2019.2946871 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Self-citationFailure Monitoring and Predictive Maintenance of Hydraulic Cylinder—State-of-the-Art Review
Shanbhag, V. V., Meyer, T. J. J., Caspers, L. W., & Schlanbusch, R. (2021) · IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics · doi:10.1109/tmech.2021.3053173 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Phan, V. D., Truong, H. V. A., & Ahn, K. K. (2023) · ISA Transactions · doi:10.1016/j.isatra.2022.08.023 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Self-citationPhan, V. D., Vo, C. P., Dao, H. V., & Ahn, K. K. (2021) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2021.3059947 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Self-citationTruong, H. V. A., Tran, D. T., To, X. D., Ahn, K. K., & Jin, M. (2019) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app9163290 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationAdaptive integral robust control of hydraulic systems with asymptotic tracking
Yang, G., Yao, J., Le, G., & Ma, D. (2016) · Mechatronics · doi:10.1016/j.mechatronics.2016.10.007 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Simulation of hydraulic check valve for forestry equipment
Nedić, N. N., Pršić, D., Fragassa, C., Stojanović, V., & Pavlović, A. (2017) · International Journal of Heavy Vehicle Systems · doi:10.1504/ijhvs.2017.084875 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Ouyang, Y., Sun, C., & Dong, L. (2021) · ISA Transactions · doi:10.1016/j.isatra.2021.08.005 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Phan, V. D., Vo, C. P., Dao, H. V., & Ahn, K. K. (2021) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2021.3101038 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationLi, K., & Li, Y. (2020) · International Journal of Control Automation and Systems · doi:10.1007/s12555-019-0986-4 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Dao, H. V., Tran, D. T., & Ahn, K. K. (2021) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2021.3053596 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationInternal Leakage Fault Detection and Tolerant Control of Single‐Rod Hydraulic Actuators
Yao, J., Yang, G., & Ma, D. (2014) · Mathematical Problems in Engineering · doi:10.1155/2014/345345 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Xu, Z., Qi, G., Liu, Q., & Yao, J. (2022) · Applied Mathematical Modelling · doi:10.1016/j.apm.2022.06.043 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Cui, J., Pan, Y., Xue, H., & Tan, L. (2022) · Nonlinear Dynamics · doi:10.1007/s11071-022-07586-1 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Guo, Q. (2022) · IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology · doi:10.1109/tcst.2022.3174772 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Zhu, F., Shan, Y., & Tang, Y. (2021) · International Journal of Control, Automation and Systems · doi:10.1007/s12555-020-0618-z · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Back-stepping Fault-tolerant Control for Morphing Aircraft Based on Fixed-time Observer
Liang, X., Wang, Q., Xu, B., & Dong, C. (2021) · International Journal of Control Automation and Systems · doi:10.1007/s12555-020-0764-3 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Truong, H. V. A., Trinh, H.-A., Tran, D. T., & Ahn, K. K. (2021) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2021.3087505 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationShen, W. G., Liu, X., & Su, X. (2021) · International Journal of Control Automation and Systems · doi:10.1007/s12555-020-0705-1 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Shi, Z., Zhou, C., & Guo, J. C. (2021) · International Journal of Control Automation and Systems · doi:10.1007/s12555-020-0326-8 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Research on Action Strategies and Simulations of DRL and MCTS-based Intelligent Round Game
Sun, Y., Yuan, B., Zhang, Y., Zheng, W., Xia, Q., Tang, B., & Zhou, X. (2021) · International Journal of Control Automation and Systems · doi:10.1007/s12555-020-0277-0 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Optimal Control of a MIMO Bioreactor System Using Direct Approach
Simorgh, A., Razminia, A., Mobayen, S., & Bǎleanu, D. (2021) · International Journal of Control Automation and Systems · doi:10.1007/s12555-020-0058-9 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Du Phan, V., & Ahn, K. K. (2022) · 2022 13th Asian Control Conference (ASCC) · doi:10.23919/ascc56756.2022.9828109 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationYang, X. K., Li, B., & Wen, G. (2021) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2021.3120835 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Observer-based Fault-Tolerant Control of an Electro-Hydraulic Actuator with mismatched disturbance
Phan, V. D., & Ahn, K. K. (2021) · 2021 24th International Conference on Mechatronics Technology (ICMT) · doi:10.1109/icmt53429.2021.9687272 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Ahmadi, K., Asadi, D., Merheb, A.-R., Chashmi, S. A. N., & Tutsoy, Ö. (2023) · Control Engineering Practice · doi:10.1016/j.conengprac.2023.105557 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Phan, V. D., & Ahn, K. K. (2023) · Nonlinear Dynamics · doi:10.1007/s11071-023-08364-3 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Self-citationAdaptive sliding mode control of an electro-hydraulic actuator with a kalman extended state observer
Lao, L., & Chen, P. (2024) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2024.3349946 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“The nonlinear disturbance observer (NDO) [17], [19] employs auxiliary variables to estimate disturbances when state derivatives are unknown, applied in the control of velocity and pressure dynamics [20].”
BackgroundFault diagnosis and prognosis capabilities for wind turbine hydraulic pitch systems
Dallabona, A., Blanke, M., Pedersen, H. C., & Papageorgiou, D. (2024) · Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing · doi:10.1016/j.ymssp.2024.111941 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Phan, V. D., Truong, H. V. A., Le, V. C., Ho, S. P., & Ahn, K. K. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-86583-x · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationPhan, V. D., Sy, P. H., & Ahn, K. K. (2024) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2024.3435134 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationHao, X., Xin, Z., Huang, W., Wan, S., Qiu, G., Wang, T., & Wang, Z. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-05904-2 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Phan, V. D., Trinh, H.-A., & Ahn, K. K. (2025) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125304 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationPhan, V. D., Phan, Q. C., & Ahn, K. K. (2025) · International Journal of Fuzzy Systems · doi:10.1007/s40815-025-01987-1 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationPhan, V. D., Mai, T. A., Ho, S. P., Dang, T. S., Le, V. C., & Dinh, V. N. (2025) · International Journal of Control Automation and Systems · doi:10.1007/s12555-024-0747-x · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationRefined Modeling Method and Analysis of an Electromagnetic Direct-Drive Hydrostatic Actuation System
Lu, J., Gu, C., Zhao, Y., Tan, C., Lu, Y., & Fu, C. (2022) · Actuators · doi:10.3390/act11100281 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Truong, H. V. A., & Chung, W. K. (2025) · IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering · doi:10.1109/tase.2025.3599177 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Phan, V. D., Nguyen, H. L., Le, V. C., & Ahn, K. K. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-026-44019-0 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationNguyen, H. L., Phan, V. D., Pham, A. D., & Ahn, K. K. (2025) · International Conference on Mechatronics Technology (ICMT) · doi:10.1109/icmt67823.2025.11298807
Self-citationPhan, V. D., Le, V. C., Nguyen, H. L., Trinh, H.-A., Nam, D. V., & Ahn, K. K. (2025) · International Conference on Mechatronics Technology (ICMT) · doi:10.1109/icmt67823.2025.11298731
Self-citationRobust Prescribed Control of an Electro-hydraulic System with Modified Observer
Yu, J. U., Le, V. C., Duong, D. T., Nguyen, P. N., Phan, Q. C., & Phan, V. D. (2025) · International Conference on Sustainable Technology in Energy and Power Systems (STEPCon) · doi:10.1109/stepcon66008.2025.11473701
Self-citationPhan, V. D., Chuong, L. V., Nam, D. V., Duong, D. T., & Ho, S. P. (2026) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s26196070
Self-citation
- Authors
- Phan, V. D., & Ahn, K. K.
- Affiliations
- University of Ulsan (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Ahn, Kyoung Kwan
- Venue
- Applied Sciences
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2022-09-14
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 18
- Pages
- 9197
- ISSN
- 2076-3417 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4295797390
- Cited by
- 17
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 1.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Applied Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Basic Science Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) (2020R1A2B5B03001480, 2021RIS-003)
- Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea (2020R1A2B5B03001480, 2021RIS-003)
- Regional Innovation Strategy (RIS) through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) (2020R1A2B5B03001480, 2021RIS-003)
- Ministry of Education (MOE) (2020R1A2B5B03001480, 2021RIS-003)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Control and Systems Engineering › Adaptive Control of Nonlinear Systems
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Control and Systems Engineering › Dynamics and Control of Mechanical Systems
- Keywords
- fault-tolerant control, electro-hydraulic actuator, disturbance rejection, nonlinear disturbance observer, actuator faults, backstepping control, terminal sliding mode, location tracking, force control
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review