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Cited by 98Cardiovascular Function and Risk FactorsCardiac Imaging and DiagnosticsNitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects

Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction in Diabetes Mellitus: Pathogenetic Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Options

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Salvatore, Teresa, Galiero, Raffaele, Caturano, Alfredo, Vetrano, Erica, Loffredo, Giuseppe, Rinaldi, Luca, Catalini, Christian, Gjeloshi, Klodian +6 more·2022·Biomedicines
DOI 10.3390/biomedicines10092274PMC PMC9496134
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Abstract

Diabetic patients are frequently affected by coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD), a condition consisting of a combination of altered vasomotion and long-term structural change to coronary arterioles leading to impaired regulation of blood flow in response to changing cardiomyocyte oxygen requirements. The pathogenesis of this microvascular complication is complex and not completely known, involving several alterations among which hyperglycemia and insulin resistance play particularly central roles leading to oxidative stress, inflammatory activation and altered barrier function of endothelium. CMD significantly contributes to cardiac events such as angina or infarction without obstructive coronary artery disease, as well as heart failure, especially the phenotype associated with preserved ejection fraction, which greatly impact cardiovascular (CV) prognosis. To date, no treatments specifically target this vascular damage, but recent experimental studies and some clinical investigations have produced data in favor of potential beneficial effects on coronary micro vessels caused by two classes of glucose-lowering drugs: glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1)-based therapy and inhibitors of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2). The purpose of this review is to describe pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical manifestations of CMD with particular reference to diabetes, and to summarize the protective effects of antidiabetic drugs on the myocardial microvascular compartment.

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200 of 268 shown

Authors
Salvatore, T., Galiero, R., Caturano, A., Vetrano, E., Loffredo, G., Rinaldi, L., Catalini, C., Gjeloshi, K., Albanese, G., Di Martino, A., Docimo, G., Sardu, C., Marfella, R., & Sasso, F. C.
Affiliations
  • University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" (IT)
  • Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, I-80138 Naples, Italy
Corresponding author
Sasso, Ferdinando Carlo
ORCID
Venue
Biomedicines
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2022-09-14
Volume
10
Issue
9
Pages
2274
ISSN
2227-9059 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/biomedicines10092274
PMC
PMC9496134
OpenAlex
W4295766546
Cited by
98
References
314
Citations by year
2026: 23 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 2
FWCI
3.81
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Biomedicines (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" (submittedVersion)
  • Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Università degli Studi del Molise (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Cardiac Imaging and Diagnostics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
Keywords
coronary microvascular dysfunction, diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, angina without obstructive coronary artery disease, myocardial ischemia, GLP-1 receptor agonists, SGLT2 inhibitors, antidiabetic drugs

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