The DOI matches its Crossref record; 287 of the 296 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
MicroRNAs as Critical Biomarkers of Major Depressive Disorder: A Comprehensive Perspective
Open accessAbstract
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) represents a major global health concern, a body-mind malady of rising prevalence worldwide nowadays. The complex network of mechanisms involved in MDD pathophysiology is subjected to epigenetic changes modulated by microRNAs (miRNAs). Serum free or vesicles loaded miRNAs have starred numerous publications, denoting a key role in cell-cell communication, systematically and in brain structure and neuronal morphogenesis, activity and plasticity. Upregulated or downregulated expression of these signaling molecules may imply the impairment of genes implicated in pathways of MDD etiopathogenesis (neuroinflammation, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotransmitters, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, oxidative stress, circadian rhythms...). In addition, these miRNAs could serve as potential biomarkers with diagnostic, prognostic and predictive value, allowing to classify severity of the disease or to make decisions in clinical management. They have been considered as promising therapy targets as well and may interfere with available antidepressant treatments. As epigenetic malleable regulators, we also conclude emphasizing lifestyle interventions with physical activity, mindfulness and diet, opening the door to new clinical management considerations.
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“Dysregulated microRNA expression is also linked to synaptic plasticity, neuroinflammation, and stress response (Ortega et al., 2021; Elhag and Al Khodor, 2023).”
From Histone modifications and depression: epigenetic mechanisms, therapeutic targets, and translational outlook (2026) · cites this paper as Ortega et al., 2021
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3 retracted
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Ortega, M. A., Álvarez-Mon, M. Á., Montero, C. G., Fraile‐Μartinez, O., Guijarro, L. G., Lahera, G., Monserrat, J., Valls, P., Mora, F., Rodríguez–Jiménez, R., et al. (2022) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo12010050 · Cited by 131
Self-citationDissecting early life stress-induced adolescent depression through epigenomic approach
Ochi, S., & Dwivedi, Y. (2022) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-022-01907-x · Cited by 94
Pekarek, L., Torres‐Carranza, D., Fraile‐Μartinez, O., Montero, C. G., Pekarek, T., Sáez, M. A., Rueda-Correa, F., Pimentel-Martinez, C., Guijarro, L. G., Dı́az, R., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24087268 · Cited by 80
Self-citationOrtega, M. A., Fraile‐Μartinez, O., Montero, C. G., Álvarez-Mon, M. Á., Lahera, G., Monserrat, J., Llavero-Valero, M., Gutiérrez-Rojas, L., Molina, R., Rodríguez–Jiménez, R., et al. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14153099 · Cited by 77
Self-citationNutrition, Epigenetics, and Major Depressive Disorder: Understanding the Connection
Ortega, M. A., Fraile‐Μartinez, O., Montero, C. G., Álvarez-Mon, M. Á., Lahera, G., Monserrat, J., Llavero-Valero, M., Mora, F., Rodríguez–Jiménez, R., Fernández-Rojo, S., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.867150 · Cited by 59
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Metadata
- Authors
- Ortega, M. A., Alvarez-Mon, M. A., García-Montero, C., Fraile-Martinez, O., Lahera, G., Monserrat, J., Muñoz-Merida, L., Mora, F., Rodríguez-Jiménez, R., Fernandez-Rojo, S., Quintero, J., & Álvarez-Mon, M.
- Affiliations
- Universidad de Alcalá (ES)
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid (ES)
- Department of Legal Medicine and Psychiatry, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Registry and Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias, 28806 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- ORCID
- Venue
- Biomedicines
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2021-11-10
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1659
- ISSN
- 2227-9059 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8615526
- OpenAlex
- W3211397738
- Cited by
- 57
- References
- 296
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 9
- FWCI
- 0.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Biomedicines (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI18/01726)
- Comunidad de Madrid (B2017/BMD3804)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › MicroRNA in disease regulation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Keywords
- major depressive disorder, microRNA, biomarkers, epigenetics, serum microRNA, extracellular vesicles, neuroinflammation, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, oxidative stress, circadian rhythm, antidepressant targets, lifestyle intervention, physical activity, mindfulness, diet
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