The DOI matches its Crossref record; 14 of the 14 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Unpacking the Dynamics of AI-Based Language Learning: Flow, Grit, and Resilience in Chinese EFL Contexts
Abstract
Artificial intelligence and positive psychology play crucial roles in education, yet there is limited research on how these psychological factors influence learners’ use of AI, particularly in language education. Grounded in self-determination theory, this study investigates the factors influencing Chinese English learners’ intention to use AI for language learning. Utilizing structural equation modeling, this research examines the mediating roles of grit, flow, and resilience in the relationship between basic psychological needs and the intention to use AI. Data were analyzed using AMOS 26 and SPSS 26. The findings reveal that flow, grit, and resilience mediate the relationship between basic psychological needs and the intention to adopt AI tools for language learning. This study provides valuable insights into how educational environments can be designed to fulfill psychological needs, thereby fostering greater engagement and acceptance of AI in language education.
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“While previous studies examining human-to-human relationships have established that love serves as a predictor of attachment, this research extends these findings by demonstrating a similar effect within the context of human-AI companion relationships (Mamun et al., 2023;Song et al., 2022;Zhai et al., 2024).”
From I love you, my AI companion! Do you? Perspectives from the Triangular Theory of Love and Attachment Theory (2026) · cites this paper as Zhai et al., 2024
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Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations: Classic Definitions and New Directions
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000) · Contemporary Educational Psychology · doi:10.1006/ceps.1999.1020 · Cited by 18,666 · cited 1×
“In this research, we assessed fundamental psychological needs utilizing a modified version of the questionnaire initially created by Ryan and Deci [71,72] and later modified by Wang and Reynolds [28].”
MethodZawacki-Richter, O., Marín, V. I., Bond, M., & Gouverneur, F. (2019) · International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education · doi:10.1186/s41239-019-0171-0 · Cited by 7,242
Grit: perseverance and passion for long-term goals
Duckworth, A. L., Peterson, C., Matthews, M. D., & Kelly, D. R. (2007) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.92.6.1087 · Cited by 6,911
The brief resilience scale: Assessing the ability to bounce back
Smith, B. W., Dalen, J., Wiggins, K., Tooley, E., Christopher, P., & Bernard, J. (2008) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1080/10705500802222972 · Cited by 6,439 · cited 1×
“In this study, we assessed flow utilizing a modified version of the questionnaire created by Smith et al. [74], which was tailored to align with the specific objectives of our research.”
MethodDevelopment and validation of the short grit scale (grit-s)
Duckworth, A. L., & Quinn, P. D. (2009) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1080/00223890802634290 · Cited by 3,376
A Review of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Education from 2010 to 2020
Zhai, X., Chu, X., Chai, C. S., Jong, M. S. Y., Istenic, A., Spector, M., Liu, J.-B., Yuan, J., & Li, Y. (2021) · Complexity · doi:10.1155/2021/8812542 · Cited by 1,364 · cited 2×
“Previous research [23–25] has utilized artificial intelligence (AI) to investigate the use of technology in language learning.”
BackgroundSelf-citationSong, C., & Song, Y. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1260843 · Cited by 717
Bhutoria, A. (2022) · Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.caeai.2022.100068 · Cited by 677
Huang, A. Y. Q., Lu, O. H. T., & Yang, S. J. H. (2023) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2022.104684 · Cited by 605
Artificial intelligence and education in China
Knox, J. (2020) · Learning, Media and Technology · doi:10.1080/17439884.2020.1754236 · Cited by 489
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Ng, P. M. L., Wan, C., Lee, D., Garnelo-Gomez, I., & Lau, M. M. (2026) · Internet Research · doi:10.1108/intr-11-2024-1783 · Cited by 27
Metadata
- Authors
- Zhai, X., Zhao, R., Jiang, Y., & Wu, H.
- Affiliations
- School of Foreign Language Studies, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- School of Foreign Studies, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
- Institute for Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Science, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- School of Foreign Studies, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410000, China
- Venue
- Behavioral Sciences
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2024-09-19
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 838
- ISSN
- 2076-328X
- PMC
- PMC11428701
- Cited by
- 50
- References
- 14
- Language
- en
- Funders
- Research and Practice on Digital Teaching of the ‘Introduction to Linguistics’ Course Based on ‘Knowledge Graph + Large Language Models (LLMs)’ (2024JGA112, XWK202429, CWZD202404)
- Exploration and Practice of Training Reserve Talents as ‘Strategic Social Scientists’ for ASEAN Countries and Regions (2024JGA112, XWK202429, CWZD202404)
- Research on ASEAN Strategies of Major Extraterritorial Countries: Major Project of the 2024 Open Topics of the China-ASEAN Regional Development Collaborative Innovation Center (2024JGA112, XWK202429, CWZD202404)
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