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Cited by 100Cancer Immunotherapy and BiomarkersImmunotherapy and Immune ResponsesPharmacovigilance and Adverse Drug Reactions

Predictive Biomarkers for Checkpoint Inhibitor Immune-Related Adverse Events

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Les, Iñigo, Martínez, Mireia, Pérez-Francisco, Inés, Cabero, María, Teijeira, Lucía, Arrazubi, Virginia, Torrego, Nuria, Campillo-Calatayud, Ana +3 more·2023·Cancers
DOI 10.3390/cancers15051629PMC PMC10000735
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Abstract

Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are antagonists of inhibitory receptors in the immune system, such as the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4, the programmed cell death protein-1 and its ligand PD-L1, and they are increasingly used in cancer treatment. By blocking certain suppressive pathways, ICIs promote T-cell activation and antitumor activity but may induce so-called immune-related adverse events (irAEs), which mimic traditional autoimmune disorders. With the approval of more ICIs, irAE prediction has become a key factor in improving patient survival and quality of life. Several biomarkers have been described as potential irAE predictors, some of them are already available for clinical use and others are under development; examples include circulating blood cell counts and ratios, T-cell expansion and diversification, cytokines, autoantibodies and autoantigens, serum and other biological fluid proteins, human leucocyte antigen genotypes, genetic variations and gene profiles, microRNAs, and the gastrointestinal microbiome. Nevertheless, it is difficult to generalize the application of irAE biomarkers based on the current evidence because most studies have been retrospective, time-limited and restricted to a specific type of cancer, irAE or ICI. Long-term prospective cohorts and real-life studies are needed to assess the predictive capacity of different potential irAE biomarkers, regardless of the ICI type, organ involved or cancer site.

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  • ICI targeting PD-1 and CTLA-4 is clinically effective in enhancing T-cell-mediated antitumor responses.

    “Although proving to be clinically effective in enhancing T-cell-mediated antitumor responses”

    From Autoimmune Myocarditis, Old Dogs and New Tricks. (2024) · cites this paper as [164]

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Authors
Les, I., Martínez, M., Pérez-Francisco, I., Cabero, M., Teijeira, L., Arrazubi, V., Torrego, N., Campillo-Calatayud, A., Elejalde, I., Kochan, G., & Escors, D.
Affiliations
  • Internal Medicine Department, Navarre University Hospital, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
  • Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Department of Medical Oncology, Araba University Hospital, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
  • Breast Cancer Research Group, Bioaraba Health Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
  • Clinical Trials Platform, Bioaraba Health Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
  • Medical Oncology Department, Navarre University Hospital, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
  • Hospital Universitario Araba (ES)
  • Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA) (ES)
Corresponding author
Escors, David
ORCID
Venue
Cancers
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2023-03-06
Volume
15
Issue
5
Pages
1629
ISSN
2072-6694 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/cancers15051629
PMC
PMC10000735
OpenAlex
W4323362480
Cited by
100
References
26
Citations by year
2026: 26 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 7
FWCI
3.24
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Cancers (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Academica-e (Universidad Pública de Navarra) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
Basque Government (2020111056)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
  • Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Toxicology › Pharmacovigilance and Adverse Drug Reactions
Keywords
immune checkpoint inhibitors, immune-related adverse events, predictive biomarkers, PD-1/PD-L1, CTLA-4, autoimmunity, T cell expansion, cytokines, autoantibodies, HLA genotypes, microRNA, gut microbiota, cancer immunotherapy

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