Recent Updates on the Significance of KRAS Mutations in Colorectal Cancer Biology

A genetic model for colorectal tumorigenesis

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Colorectal cancer

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Visualizing and interpreting cancer genomics data via the Xena platform

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Neutrophils escort circulating tumour cells to enable cell cycle progression

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ERK signalling: A master regulator of cell behaviour, life and fate

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RAS-targeted therapies: is the undruggable drugged?

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Increasing Disparities in the Age-Related Incidences of Colon and Rectal Cancers in the United States, 1975-2010

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A polybasic domain or palmitoylation is required in addition to the CAAX motif to localize p21ras to the plasma membrane

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Patterns of metastasis in colon and rectal cancer

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Cancer stem cells as key drivers of tumour progression

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Oncogenic Activation of the RAS/RAF Signaling Pathway Impairs the Response of Metastatic Colorectal Cancers to Anti–Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Antibody Therapies

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Biochemical and Structural Analysis of Common Cancer-Associated KRAS Mutations

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Meta-analyses of colorectal cancer risk factors

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Difference Between Left-Sided and Right-Sided Colorectal Cancer: A Focused Review of Literature

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Metastatic pattern in colorectal cancer is strongly influenced by histological subtype

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Regulation of EMT in Colorectal Cancer: A Culprit in Metastasis

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MET is required for the recruitment of anti-tumoural neutrophils

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Mutation analysis of 24 known cancer genes in the NCI-60 cell line set

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Signaling pathways involved in colorectal cancer progression

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Multi-omics of 34 colorectal cancer cell lines - a resource for biomedical studies

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Colorectal cancer cell lines are representative models of the main molecular subtypes of primary cancer

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Targeting the untargetable KRAS in cancer therapy

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Epithelial–mesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer metastasis: A system review

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Targeting Wnt signaling in colorectal cancer. A Review in the Theme: Cell Signaling: Proteins, Pathways and Mechanisms

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Molecular epidemiology and diagnostics of KRAS mutations in human cancer

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Cancer stem cells in progression of colorectal cancer

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Mechanisms of Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer and Metastatic Organotropism: Hematogenous versus Peritoneal Spread

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Methylation and proteolysis are essential for efficient membrane binding of prenylated p21K‐ras(B).

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Genomic and Biological Characterization of Exon 4 KRAS Mutations in Human Cancer

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A two-step model for colon adenoma initiation and progression caused by APC loss

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Colorectal Cancer in the Young: Epidemiology, Prevention, Management

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Many faces of Ras activation

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The Rising Incidence of Younger Patients With Colorectal Cancer: Questions About Screening, Biology, and Treatment

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Interaction between Wnt/β-catenin and RAS-ERK pathways and an anti-cancer strategy via degradations of β-catenin and RAS by targeting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway

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Comprehensive characterization of RAS mutations in colon and rectal cancers in old and young patients

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Acquired RAS or EGFR mutations and duration of response to EGFR blockade in colorectal cancer

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BRAF mutant colorectal cancer as a distinct subset of colorectal cancer: clinical characteristics, clinical behavior, and response to targeted therapies.

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Oncogenic <i>Kras</i> drives invasion and maintains metastases in colorectal cancer

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Ras Stabilization Through Aberrant Activation of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Promotes Intestinal Tumorigenesis

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Wnt signaling in cancer stem cells and colon cancer metastasis

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Role of Oncogenic K-Ras in Cancer Stem Cell Activation by Aberrant Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling

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Loss of Apc allows phenotypic manifestation of the transforming properties of an endogenous K- ras oncogene in vivo

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Specific mutations in KRAS codon 12 are associated with worse overall survival in patients with advanced and recurrent colorectal cancer

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Clinical utility of circulating tumor DNA for colorectal cancer

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Microfluidic isolation of platelet-covered circulating tumor cells

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Accession of Tumor Heterogeneity by Multiplex Transcriptome Profiling of Single Circulating Tumor Cells

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An <i>In Vivo Kras</i> Allelic Series Reveals Distinct Phenotypes of Common Oncogenic Variants

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Oncogenic KRAS and BRAF Drive Metabolic Reprogramming in Colorectal Cancer

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Prevalence of RAS and BRAF mutations in metastatic colorectal cancer patients by tumor sidedness: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

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Exosomal KRAS mutation promotes the formation of tumor-associated neutrophil extracellular traps and causes deterioration of colorectal cancer by inducing IL-8 expression

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Expert consensus on multidisciplinary therapy of colorectal cancer with lung metastases (2019 edition)

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LZTR1 facilitates polyubiquitination and degradation of RAS-GTPases

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Stem vs non-stem cell origin of colorectal cancer

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The Role of Diet Related Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Colorectal Cancer Metabolism and Survival: Prevention and Therapeutic Implications

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The survival outcome of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer based on the site of metastases and the impact of molecular markers and site of primary cancer on metastatic pattern

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Targeted Therapies in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Assessment of Currently Available Data

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Tumor location and patient characteristics of colon and rectal adenocarcinomas in relation to survival and TNM classes

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Early onset sporadic colorectal cancer: Worrisome trends and oncogenic features

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Impeded Nedd4-1-Mediated Ras Degradation Underlies Ras-Driven Tumorigenesis

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Association between KRAS mutation and lung metastasis in advanced colorectal cancer

Pereira, A. A. L., Rego, J. F. M., Morris, V, Overman, M. J., Eng, C., Garrett, C. R., Boutin, A. T., Ferrarotto, R., Lee, M., Jiang, Z.-Q., et al. (2015) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/bjc.2014.619 · Cited by 94 · see citing works

Pattern and Dynamics of Distant Metastases in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

Holch, J. W., Demmer, M., Lamersdorf, C., Michl, M., Schulz, C. U., von Einem, J. C., Modest, D. P., & Heinemann, V. (2017) · Visceral Medicine · doi:10.1159/000454687 · Cited by 89 · see citing works

Retreatment with anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies in metastatic colorectal cancer: Systematic review of different strategies

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Posttranslational Modifications of RAS ProteinsPreprint

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Aspects of colorectal cancer screening, methods, age and gender

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EGF signalling pathway regulates colon cancer stem cell proliferation and apoptosis

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Effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum Probiotics on the Expression of MicroRNAs 135b, 26b, 18a and 155, and Their Involving Genes in Mice Colon Cancer

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Dual Farnesyl and Geranylgeranyl Transferase Inhibitor Thwarts Mutant KRAS-Driven Patient-Derived Pancreatic Tumors

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Oldvsnew: Risk factors predicting early onset colorectal cancer

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Structures of N-terminally processed KRAS provide insight into the role of N-acetylation

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Colorectal Cancer, Age, and Obesity-Related Comorbidities: A Large Database Study

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Circulating Tumor Cell-Neutrophil Tango along the Metastatic Process

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Precision therapy in RAS mutant colorectal cancer

Dienstmann, R., Connor, K., Byrne, A. T., Fridman, W. H., Lambrechts, D., Sadanandam, A., Trusolino, L., Prehn, J. H. M., Tabernero, J., & Kolch, W. (2020) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2019.12.051 · Cited by 73 · see citing works

AMPK and Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Signaling Regulates K-Ras Plasma Membrane Interactions via Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase 2

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KRAS G12C Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Specific Features of a New Emerging Target Population

Schirripa, M., Nappo, F., Cremolini, C., Salvatore, L., Rossini, D., Bensi, M., Businello, G., Pietrantonio, F., Randon, G., Fucà, G., et al. (2020) · Clinical Colorectal Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.clcc.2020.04.009 · Cited by 66 · see citing works

Mechanisms underlying 3-bromopyruvate-induced cell death in colon cancer

Sun, Y., Liu, Z., Zou, X., Lan, Y., Sun, X., Wang, X., Zhao, S., Jiang, C., & Liu, H. (2015) · Journal of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes · doi:10.1007/s10863-015-9612-1 · Cited by 65 · see citing works

K-Ras prenylation as a potential anticancer target

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Prognostic gene expression profile of colorectal cancer

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Textbook outcome in liver surgery after staged versus simultaneous resection for synchronous colorectal liver metastases

Rashid, Z., Altaf, A., Khalil, M., Catalano, G., Zindani, S., Ruzzenente, A., Popescu, I., Kitago, M., Poultsides, G. A., Sasaki, K., et al. (2025) · HPB · doi:10.1016/j.hpb.2025.04.014 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Personalized treatment using predictive biomarkers in solid organ malignancies: A review

Tang, H., Li, Y. X., Lian, J. J., Ng, H.-Y., & Wang, S. S. Y. (2024) · Tumori Journal · doi:10.1177/03008916241261484 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Oncogenic mutations of clinical significance in colorectal cancer

Lea, V., Lim, S. H.-S., & Lee, C. S. (2025) · Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.pathol.2025.05.001 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

KRAS mutation and its association with clinicopathological features of colorectal cancer patients in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Kassaw, A. B., Abera, M. B., Seid, M. A., Jemal, M., Yesuf, H. A., Asfaw, M. S., Abebe, G., Alem, A., & Geto, Z. (2026) · BMC Cancer · doi:10.1186/s12885-025-15356-6 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Clinical Implication of KRAS Mutation Variants in Patients With Resected Colon Cancer

Baek, J. H., Kim, J., Baek, D. W., Chang, E., Kim, H. J., Park, S. Y., Park, J. S., Choi, G., Kang, B. W., & Kim, J. G. (2022) · Cancer Diagnosis & Prognosis · doi:10.21873/cdp.10079 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

A lentiviral vector targeting a KRAS neoepitope for cancer immunotherapy

Goloudina, A. R., Chevalier, F. L., Authié, P., Ciret, S., Nemirov, K., Fert, I., Moncoq, F., Vesin, B., Noirat, A., Blanc, C., et al. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-05134-6 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Regional and Gender-Based Distribution of KRAS Mutations in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients in Turkey: An Observational Study

İlhan, N., Dane, F., Göker, E., Uygun, K., Orhan, B., Okutur, K., Ünek, İ. T., Işıkdoğan, A., Bilici, A. E., Zengin, N., et al. (2025) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina61040694 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Association of the rs8720 and rs12587 KRAS Gene Variants with Colorectal Cancer in a Mexican Population and Their Analysis In Silico

Gallegos‐Arreola, M. P., Garibaldi-Ríos, A. F., Cruz-Sánchez, J. I., Figuera, L. E., Ronquillo-Carreón, C. A., Reynoso, M. A. R., Gómez‐Meda, B. C., Carrillo-Dávila, I. A., Puebla‐Pérez, A. M., Montoya-Fuentes, H., et al. (2023) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells12151941 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Identification of KRAS mutation and HER2 expression in Indonesian colorectal cancer population: a cross-sectional study

Rudiman, R., Wijaya, A., Sribudiani, Y., Soedjana, H., Wiraswati, H. L., Primastari, E., Nugraha, P., & Lukman, K. (2023) · Annals of Medicine and Surgery · doi:10.1097/ms9.0000000000000694 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Evaluation of Bridge Capture technology for mutation profiling in liquid biopsies of metastatic colorectal cancer patients

Ganesan, A., Korkiakoski, A., Adamusová, S., Musku, A., Rantasalo, T., Laine, N., Andersson, E. I., Österlund, E., Ovissi, A., Halonen, P., et al. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-04827-2 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Suppressor protein plasma levels and inflammatory indices in colorectal cancer patients

Chigvinadze, N., Pantsulaia, I., Lejava, T., Aladashvili, A., Atamashvili, T., Khvichia, N., & Kh, R. (2025) · BMC Cancer · doi:10.1186/s12885-025-14200-1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

RAS mutations and colorectal cancer

Aga, S. S., & Nissar, S. (2021) · Cancer Research Statistics and Treatment · doi:10.4103/crst.crst_165_21 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Annona muricata ethanolic extract protects BALB/c mice against colitis-associated colon cancer through modulation of cytokine levels and KRAS and APC expression

Huizar-López, M. D. R., Santerre, A., Coronilla-Martínez, J., Ávila-Dávila, X. R., Ortiz‐Lazareno, P. C., & Casas‐Solís, J. (2024) · Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1007/s13596-024-00798-3 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

The emerging role of Sotorasib plus Panitumumab combination therapy in colorectal cancer treatment

Kokori, E., Olatunji, G. D., Ogieuhi, I. J., Ajayi, Y. I., Akinmoju, O. D., Akinboade, A., Irumudomon, J. G., Omoworare, O. T., Ezeano, C., Adebayo, Y. A., et al. (2025) · International Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1007/s10147-025-02736-y · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Exploring the phytochemical composition and the anticancer potential of Haliclona fascigera and Stylissa carteri Red Sea sponges in colon cancer treatment: A promising approach

Abuzahrah, S. S., Juaid, N., Bakhsh, T., Elbehairi, S. E. I., Baghdadi, M. A., & Mekky, R. H. (2025) · Current Research in Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.crbiot.2025.100331 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Cancer-associated fibroblasts drive metabolic heterogeneity in colorectal cancer cells: predictions from metabolic modeling

Elton, E., Tavakoli, N., Çetin, H., & Finley, S. D. (2026) · npj Systems Biology and Applications · doi:10.1038/s41540-026-00673-8 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Epidemiology and risk factors for metastatic colorectal disease

Ward, E. P., & Clarke, C. N. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-91706-3.00014-x · Cited by 1 · see citing works

The role of KRAS SNP rs61764370 and p53 expression in preeclampsia pathophysiology among pregnant women

Sultan, M., Al-Gazally, M. E., & Alrubayae, B. J. U. (2025) · Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems · doi:10.15421/0225027 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

KRAS Inhibitors Are Potential Prophylaxis for Colorectal Cancer Metachronous MetastasisPreprint

Guo, Y., Hu, C., Long, G., Cai, D., Yu, Z., Huang, X., Cai, Z., Hu, P., Chen, Y., Gao, F., et al. (2024) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1095.v1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Multi omics integration in colorectal cancer: from molecular insights to precision oncology (Preprint)Preprint

Liu, Z., Ang, M. Y., & Kue, C. S. (2026) · doi:10.2196/preprints.95204 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Comparison of KRAS Mutation Status with Clinical Parameters in Colon Adenocarcinoma

BOYLU, B., & Türkmen, M. (2021) · Karadeniz Fen Bilimleri Dergisi · doi:10.31466/kfbd.981849

Kolon Adenokarsinomlarında KRAS Mutasyon Durumunun Klinik Veriler ile Karşılaştırılması

BOYLU, B., & Türkmen, M. (2021) · DergiPark (Istanbul University)

Exploring the Interdependence of TKS4 and CD2AP: Implications for EMT Process and Early Detection in Colon CancerPreprint

Kurilla, A., László, L., Takács, T., Tilajka, Á., Lukács, L., Novák, J., Pancsa, R., Buday, L., & Vas, V. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.01.13.523903

KRAS p.G12C mutation in metastatic colorectal cancer

Oncology Unit C.D.C Macchiarella – Palermo, I., Colombo, A., Porretto, C. M., & Oncology Unit C.D.C Macchiarella – Palermo, I. (2023) · Open Journal of Clinical and Medical Case Reports · doi:10.52768/2379-1039/2140

Molecular Spectrum of K-RAS Mutations in Colorectal Cancer Patients in Peshawar, Pakistan

Ullah, W., Rasheed, H., Khan, S., Khan, I. U., Kamran, Majeed, U., Ullah, K., & Umair, M. (2024) · Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research · doi:10.61919/jhrr.v4i2.978

Detection of KRAS Mutations among Filipino Patients with Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

Nuylan, M. L., Mapua, C. A., Cabral, L. K. D., Cortez, E. R., Sukowati, C. H. C., Natividad, F. F., & Enriquez, M. L. D. (2024) · Gene Expression · doi:10.14218/ge.2023.00097

Integrative analysis of RAS signaling effectors reveals stage-dependent oncogenic patterns in colon adenocarcinoma

László, L., Lovrics, A., Tilajka, Á., Takács, T., Buday, L., & Vas, V. (2025) · Biotechnology Reports · doi:10.1016/j.btre.2025.e00902

RAS oncogenes in Venezuelan colorectal cancer: detection methods and mutational profile review

Ramírez, C. D., Rodríguez-Carrascal, D., & Puche, R. (2025) · Academia oncology. · doi:10.20935/acadonco7791

Age-Stratified Insights in Colorectal Cancer: A Four-Tier Analysis of Presentation, Treatment, and OutcomesPreprint

Tashkandi, E. M., Alghanmi, H. A., Almatari, A. H., Elsafty, M., Refaat, A., Azher, R., Mohorjy, D. K., & Naghi, K. A. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-7088094/v1

Cancer-associated fibroblasts drive metabolic heterogeneity in KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer cellsPreprint

Elton, E., Tavakoli, N., Çetin, H., & Finley, S. D. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.09.30.679631

Molecular and Immunohistochemical Biomarkers in Colorectal Carcinoma - A Single Center Study

Krsteska, B., Filipovski, V. A., Sabit, K. K., Jasar, D., & Velickova, N. (2025) · Balkan Journal of Medical Genetics · doi:10.2478/bjmg-2025-0008

Retrospective Analysis of HAIP Therapy in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Efficacy, Safety, and Prognostic Factors

Milsap, A., Sawyer, M., Kazmi, S., Kainthla, R., Jones, A. L., Mutar, S. S. A., Brown, T. S., & Verma, N. (2026) · Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer · doi:10.1007/s12029-026-01403-3

Prognostic impact of spread through air spaces and its association with KRAS mutation and histopathologic factors in resected colorectal lung metastases

Gecmen, G. G., Keser, S. H., Ece, D., Kökten, Ş. Ç., Çimenoğlu, B., Güler, A., Pala, A., & Şensu, S. (2026) · Polish Journal of Pathology · doi:10.5114/pjp.2026.161535

Subtype-Specific Alterations in Copper Trafficking Associated with KRAS Mutations in Isogenic Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines

Üveges, E., Gaál, A., Szakács, G., Bakos, É., Streli, C., Kregsamer, P., Baranyi, M., Hegedűs, B., & Szoboszlai, N. (2026) · Biological Trace Element Research · doi:10.1007/s12011-026-05171-w

Association of Maintenance Therapy Strategies with Survival Following First-Line Bevacizumab-Based Combination Chemotherapy in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Single-Center Retrospective Observational Study

Çokgezer, S., Sakar, B., & Karabulut, S. (2026) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm15166279

RAS mutations and colorectal cancer

Aga, S. S., & Nissar, S. (2021) · Cancer Research Statistics and Treatment · doi:10.4103/crst.crst_165_21 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Age-dependent prognostic value of KRAS mutation in metastatic colon cancer.

Özer, M., Goksu, S. Y., Sanford, N. N., Aguilera, T. A., Kainthla, R., Jones, A. L., Sanjeevaiah, A. R., Beg, M. S., & Kazmi, S. M. A. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e16085

Ras-Related Mutants Identified in Young-Onset Colorectal Cancer Display Divergent Phenotypes and Retain Their Pro-Angiogenic Effects

David, A. P. L., Galvez, M. I. P., Chua, S. A. A., Leaño, D. M. G., Sacdalan, D. L., & Garcia, R. L. (2026) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells15040349

Comprehensive characterization of RAS mutations in colon and rectal cancers in old and young patients

Serebriiskii, I. G., Connelly, C., Frampton, G., Newberg, J., Cooke, M., Miller, V., Ali, S., Ross, J. S., Handorf, E., Arora, S., et al. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-11530-0 · Cited by 215 · see citing works

Age-Dependent Prognostic Value of KRAS Mutation in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

Özer, M., Goksu, S. Y., Sanford, N. N., Ahn, C. W., Beg, M. S., & Kazmi, S. M. A. (2021) · Future Oncology · doi:10.2217/fon-2021-0650 · Cited by 14 · see citing works