Cited by 63Sirtuins and Resveratrol in MedicineLiver Disease Diagnosis and TreatmentCholesterol and Lipid Metabolism

Sirtuin 6—A Key Regulator of Hepatic Lipid Metabolism and Liver Health

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Dong, X. Charlie·2023·Cells

Abstract

Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) is an NAD-dependent deacetylase/deacylase/mono-ADP ribosyltransferase, a member of the sirtuin protein family. SIRT6 has been implicated in hepatic lipid homeostasis and liver health. Hepatic lipogenesis is driven by several master regulators including liver X receptor (LXR), carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP), and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1). Interestingly, these three transcription factors can be negatively regulated by SIRT6 through direct deacetylation. Fatty acid oxidation is regulated by peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARα) in the liver. SIRT6 can promote fatty acid oxidation by the activation of PPARα or the suppression of miR-122. SIRT6 can also directly modulate acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 5 (ACSL5) activity for fatty acid oxidation. SIRT6 also plays a critical role in the regulation of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol through the regulation of SREBP2 and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), respectively. Hepatic deficiency of Sirt6 in mice has been shown to cause hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis, hallmarks of alcoholic and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. SIRT6 can dampen hepatic inflammation through the modulation of macrophage polarization from M1 to M2 type. Hepatic stellate cells are a key cell type in hepatic fibrogenesis. SIRT6 plays a strong anti-fibrosis role by the suppression of multiple fibrogenic pathways including the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ)-SMAD family proteins and Hippo pathways. The role of SIRT6 in liver cancer is quite complicated, as both tumor-suppressive and tumor-promoting activities have been documented in the literature. Overall, SIRT6 has multiple salutary effects on metabolic homeostasis and liver health, and it may serve as a therapeutic target for hepatic metabolic diseases. To date, numerous activators and inhibitors of SIRT6 have been developed for translational research.

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  • STAT3 signaling can also support pro-fibrotic polarization under specific inflammatory conditions.

    “However, STAT3 signaling can also support pro-fibrotic polarization under specific inflammatory conditions, underscoring its highly context-dependent function (52, 61, 62).”

    From Strategies to promote liver fibrosis amelioration with involvement of restorative macrophages (2026) · cites this paper as [61]

    Section 5 (SIRT6 in Hepatic Inflammation; page unavailable) links STAT3 activation to M1 macrophage polarization in Sirt6-deficient mice and reports that inhibiting STAT3 suppresses that polarization. Section 6 (SIRT6 in Hepatic Fibrosis; page unavailable) discusses fibrosis separately, but does not link STAT3-driven polarization to a pro-fibrotic outcome. The pro-fibrotic part of the attributed claim is therefore unsupported. (LLM, conf=0.85)

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Authors
Dong, X. C.
Affiliations
Indiana University Indianapolis (US)
Corresponding author
Dong, X. Charlie
Venue
Cells
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2023-02-19
Volume
12
Issue
4
Pages
663
ISSN
2073-4409 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W4321372683
Cited by
63
References
124
Citations by year
2026: 14 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 7
FWCI
2.70
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Cells (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • IUScholarWorks (Indiana University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK120689, R01DK121925, R01DK124612, R01AA028506, R21AG072288, R01HL160856)
  • National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (R01DK120689, R01DK121925, R01DK124612, R01AA028506, R21AG072288, R01HL160856)
  • National Institute on Aging (R01DK120689, R01DK121925, R01DK124612, R01AA028506, R21AG072288, R01HL160856)
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01DK120689, R01DK121925, R01DK124612, R01AA028506, R21AG072288, R01HL160856)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Sirtuins and Resveratrol in Medicine
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
Keywords
SIRT6, sirtuins, hepatic lipid metabolism, hepatic steatosis, steatohepatitis, fatty acid oxidation, PPARα, miR-122, ACSL5, SREBP2, PCSK9, liver inflammation, macrophage polarization, liver fibrosis, hepatic stellate cells, TGF-β/Smad signaling, Hippo signaling pathway, liver cancer, NAD+-dependent deacetylase, therapeutic target
MeSH terms
Proprotein Convertase 9, Animals, Cholesterol, Fatty Acids, Inflammation, Liver, Sirtuins, PPAR alpha, Lipid Metabolism, Mice, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

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