Polydopamine-Assisted Surface Modification of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy with Anti-Biofilm Activity for Dental Implantology Applications
Open accessAbstract
Coating the surfaces of implantable materials with various active principles to ensure inhibition of microbial adhesion, is a solution to reduce infections associated with dental implant. The aim of the study was to optimize the polydopamine films coating on the Ti-6Al-6V alloy surface in order to obtain a maximum of antimicrobial/antibiofilm efficacy and reduced cytotoxicity. Surface characterization was performed by evaluating the morphology (SEM, AFM) and structures (Solid-state 13C NMR and EPR). Antimicrobial activity was assessed by logarithmic reduction of CFU/mL, and the antibiofilm activity by reducing the adhesion of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans strains. The release of NO was observed especially for C. albicans strain, which confirms the results obtained for microbial adhesion. Among the PDA coatings, for 0.45:0.88 (KMnO4:dopamine) molar ratio the optimal compromise was obtained in terms of antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity, while the 0.1:1.5 ratio (KMnO4:dopamine) led to higher NO release and implicitly the reduction of the adhesion capacities only for C. albicans, being slightly cytotoxic but with moderate release of LDH. The proposed materials can be used to reduce the adhesion of yeast to the implantable material and thus inhibit the formation of microbial biofilms.
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Polydopamine exhibits inherent antibacterial and antibiofilm activities.
“Polydopamine exhibits inherent antibacterial and antibiofilm activities.”
From Polydopamine-Based Biomaterials in Oral Medicine: Applications, Mechanisms, and Translational Challenges (2026) · cites this paper as [65]
The Results (section 3.3; page unavailable) report that polydopamine-coated alloy discs prevented C. albicans adhesion, supporting an antibiofilm effect in that setting. But the Discussion (section 4; page unavailable) says bacterial reductions were less pronounced, and the study used coatings made with KMnO4, with better reductions at higher KMnO4 content. It does not establish that polydopamine itself has inherent antibacterial and antibiofilm activity. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSuch modifications interfere with the initial adhesion of bacteria and effectively suppress the development of dental plaque biofilms.
“Such modifications interfere with the initial adhesion of bacteria and effectively suppress the development of dental plaque biofilms.14,65”
From Polydopamine-Based Biomaterials in Oral Medicine: Applications, Mechanisms, and Translational Challenges (2026) · cites this paper as [65]
The Introduction (page unavailable) describes earlier work in which PDA-functionalized films prevented bacterial adhesion. But this paper’s Antibiofilm Activity results found reduced adhesion chiefly for C. albicans, a yeast: S. aureus colonized coated discs, and E. coli grew on neither coated nor uncoated discs. The paper does not establish effective suppression of dental plaque biofilms. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPDA coatings modulate key physicochemical surface properties, including surface energy, surface charge, and hydrophilicity.
“PDA coatings are capable of modulating key physicochemical surface properties, including surface energy, surface charge, and hydrophilicity.”
From Polydopamine-Based Biomaterials in Oral Medicine: Applications, Mechanisms, and Translational Challenges (2026) · cites this paper as [65]
The Structural and Morphological Characterization section describes PDA film coverage and morphology, and the Discussion describes the coated surface as relatively rough. Neither section addresses whether PDA coatings modulate surface energy, surface charge, or hydrophilicity; searches for those terms and for wettability and contact angle found no supporting passage in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.72)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn vitro degradation studies have shown that under oxidative conditions (0.1 mmol L−1 H2O2, pH 7.4, 37 °C), PDA film thickness decreases by approximately 42% within 30 days.
“In vitro degradation studies have shown that under oxidative conditions (0.1 mmol L−1 H2O2, pH 7.4, 37 °C), PDA film thickness decreases by approximately 42% within 30 days.”
From Polydopamine-Based Biomaterials in Oral Medicine: Applications, Mechanisms, and Translational Challenges (2026) · cites this paper as [65]
Section 3.1 reports initial PDA film thicknesses of approximately 10–20 nm and no detachment after 30 minutes of ultrasonication. It does not report a 30-day degradation study or a 42% thickness decrease under the stated H₂O₂ conditions. Searches for those conditions and for oxidative degradation found no supporting passage in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe in vivo degradation of PDA exhibits a characteristic two-stage process, described as 'surface etching followed by interlayer delamination.'
“The in vivo degradation of PDA exhibits a characteristic two-stage process, described as “surface etching followed by interlayer delamination.””
From Polydopamine-Based Biomaterials in Oral Medicine: Applications, Mechanisms, and Translational Challenges (2026) · cites this paper as [65]
The Structural and Morphological Characterization section describes acid etching of the substrate before PDA coating and reports that the film did not detach after 30 minutes of ultrasonication. Searches for the quoted two-stage process and for in vivo PDA degradation found no passage describing surface etching followed by interlayer delamination. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Yang, Z., Song, W., Lv, L., Zhai, S., Liu, Y., Cui, H., Li, X., Gao, F., & Chu, S. (2026) · International Journal of Nanomedicine · doi:10.2147/ijn.s611922
- Authors
- Marinas, I. C., Tihauan, B. M., Diaconu, A. G., Filip, X., Petran, A., Grosu, I.-G., Bogdan, D., Barbu, L., Ivanof, A. M., Angheloiu, M., Pircalabioru, G. G., & Filip, C.
- Affiliations
- S.C. TEODENT SRL, Str. Lucian Blaga, No. 4, 240028 Rm. Vâlcea, Romania
- University of Bucharest (RO)
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies (RO)
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Str. Donat, No. 67-103, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest-ICUB, 91-95 Spl. Independentei, 50567 Bucharest, Romania
- ORCID
- Venue
- Coatings
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2021-11-12
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1385
- ISSN
- 2079-6412 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3213931707
- Cited by
- 9
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2
- FWCI
- 0.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Coatings (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Ministerul Cercetării și Inovării (POC P_40_404, SMIS 105533)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Surfaces, Coatings and Films › Polymer Surface Interaction Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Antimicrobial agents and applications
- Keywords
- polydopamine coating, Ti-6Al-4V alloy, dental implants, antibiofilm activity, antimicrobial activity, Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, nitric oxide release, potassium permanganate, surface modification, cytotoxicity, biofilm inhibition, microbial adhesion
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