Cited by 55Ammonia Synthesis and Nitrogen ReductionHybrid Renewable Energy SystemsAdvanced Combustion Engine Technologies

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Current Research on Green Ammonia (NH3) as a Potential Vector Energy for Power Storage and Engine Fuels: A Review

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Estevez, Rafael, López-Tenllado, Francisco J., Aguado-Deblas, Laura, Bautista, Felipa M., Romero, Antonio A., Luna, Diego·2023·Energies

DOI 10.3390/en16145451

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Abstract

Considering the renewable electricity production using sustainable technologies, such as solar photovoltaics or wind turbines, it is essential to have systems that allow for storing the energy produced during the periods of lower consumption as well as the energy transportation through the distribution network. Despite hydrogen being considered a good candidate, it presents several problems related to its extremely low density, which requires the use of very high pressures to store it. In addition, its energy density in volumetric terms is still clearly lower than that of most liquid fuels. These facts have led to the consideration of ammonia as an alternative compound for energy storage or as a carrier. In this sense, this review deals with the evaluation of using green ammonia for different energetic purposes, such as an energy carrier vector, an electricity generator and E-fuel. In addition, this study has addressed the latest studies that propose the use of nitrogen-derived compounds, i.e., urea, hydrazine, ammonium nitrate, etc., as alternative fuels. In this study, the possibility of using other nitrogen-derived compounds, i.e., an update of the ecosystem surrounding green ammonia, has been assessed, from production to consumption, including storage, transportation, etc. Additionally, the future challenges in achieving a technical and economically viable energy transition have been determined.

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Sorted by citations

Biofuels, E-Fuels, and Waste-Derived Fuels: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions
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See all 55

Authors: Estevez, R., López-Tenllado, F. J., Aguado-Deblas, L., Bautista, F. M., Romero, A. A., & Luna, D.
Affiliations: Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto Químico para la Energía y el Medioambiente (IQUEMA), Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Edificio Marie Curie, E-14014 Córdoba, Spain
University of Córdoba (ES)
Corresponding author: Luna, Diego
ORCID: López-Tenllado, Francisco J.
Aguado-Deblas, Laura
Bautista, Felipa M.
Romero, Antonio A.
Luna, Diego
Venue: Energies
Publisher: MDPI AG
Published: 2023-07-18
Volume: 16
Issue: 14
Pages: 5451
ISSN: 1996-1073 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3390/en16145451
OpenAlex: W4384822289
Cited by: 55
References: 287
Citations by year: 2026: 21 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 1
FWCI: 2.59
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: Energies (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Universidad de Córdoba Insitutional Repository (Universidad de Córdoba) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders: Spanish MCIN (PID2019-104953RB-I00, TED2021-132224B-I00, P18-RT-4822)
MCIN/AEI10.13039/501100011033 (PID2019-104953RB-I00, TED2021-132224B-I00, P18-RT-4822)
EU “NextGenerationEU/PRTR” (PID2019-104953RB-I00, TED2021-132224B-I00, P18-RT-4822)
Junta de Andalucía (PID2019-104953RB-I00, TED2021-132224B-I00, P18-RT-4822)
FEDER funds (PID2019-104953RB-I00, TED2021-132224B-I00, P18-RT-4822)
Institute of Chemistry, Energy and Environment (QUIEMA) of the University of Córdoba (PID2019-104953RB-I00, TED2021-132224B-I00, P18-RT-4822)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Catalysis › Ammonia Synthesis and Nitrogen Reduction
Physical Sciences › Energy › Energy Engineering and Power Technology › Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems
Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes › Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies
Keywords: green ammonia, ammonia as energy carrier, energy storage, e-fuels, urea, hydrazine, ammonium nitrate, ammonia synthesis, renewable electricity storage, energy transition

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