Cited by 13Catalysts for Methane ReformingCarbon dioxide utilization in catalysisCO2 Reduction Techniques and Catalysts

Direct CO2 Hydrogenation over Bifunctional Catalysts to Produce Dimethyl Ether—A Review

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Ebrahimian, Samira, Bhattacharya, Sankar·2024·Energies

Abstract

Hydrogenation of CO2 represents a promising pathway for converting it into valuable hydrocarbons and clean fuels like dimethyl ether (DME). Despite significant research, several challenges persist, including a limited understanding of reaction mechanisms, thermodynamics, the necessity for catalyst design to enhance DME selectivity, and issues related to catalyst deactivation. The paper provides a comprehensive overview of recent studies from 2012 to 2023, covering various aspects of CO2 hydrogenation to methanol and DME. This review primarily focuses on advancing the development of efficient, selective, and stable innovative catalysts for this purpose. Recent investigations that have extensively explored heterogeneous catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation were summarized. A notable focus is on Cu-based catalysts modified with promoters such as Zn, Zr, Fe, etc. Additionally, this context delves into thermodynamic considerations, the impact of reaction variables, reaction mechanisms, reactor configurations, and recent technological advancements, such as 3D-printed catalysts. Furthermore, the paper examines the influence of different parameters on catalyst deactivation. The review offers insights into direct CO2 hydrogenation to DME and proposes paths for future investigation, aiming to address current challenges and advance the field.

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Crossref · 10.3390/en17153701

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  • Alternative pathways to e-diesel and e-kerosene include the hydrocracking of heavier waxes produced during Fischer-Tropsch synthesis or potentially routes via e-methanol as an intermediate.

    “Alternative pathways to e-diesel and e-kerosene include the hydrocracking of heavier waxes produced during F-T synthesis [290] or potentially routes via e-methanol as an intermediate [285].”
  • E-methanol is synthesized by reacting green hydrogen with captured CO2, with renewable electricity being crucial for producing the hydrogen and potentially for powering the direct CO2 hydrogenation process.

    “Emethanol, for example, is synthesized by reacting green hydrogen with captured CO 2 , with renewable electricity being crucial for producing the hydrogen and potentially for powering the direct CO 2 hydrogenation process [285].”
  • Reacting CO2 with H2 can yield a range of gaseous and liquid low-carbon fuels, including methane, methanol, dimethyl ether, and higher-value liquid e-Fuels like synthetic gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel.

    “Reacting CO 2 with H 2 can yield a range of gaseous and liquid low-carbon fuels, including methane, methanol, dimethyl ether (DME), and higher-value liquid e-Fuels like synthetic gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel [285].”

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Authors
Ebrahimian, S., & Bhattacharya, S.
Affiliations
Monash University (AU)
Corresponding author
Bhattacharya, Sankar
Venue
Energies
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2024-07-26
Volume
17
Issue
15
Pages
3701
ISSN
1996-1073 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W4401015117
Cited by
13
References
258
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 6
FWCI
0.85
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Energies (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
Monash University scholarships for Samira Ebrahimian
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Catalysis › Catalysts for Methane Reforming
  • Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Process Chemistry and Technology › Carbon dioxide utilization in catalysis
  • Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › CO2 Reduction Techniques and Catalysts
Keywords
CO2 hydrogenation, dimethyl ether, bifunctional catalysts, heterogeneous catalysis, Cu-based catalysts, catalyst promoters, methanol synthesis, reaction mechanism, thermodynamics, catalyst deactivation, 3D-printed catalysts, reactor configuration, DME selectivity

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