The DOI matches its Crossref record; 104 of the 104 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A Review of Hydrothermal Liquefaction Bio-Crude Properties and Prospects for Upgrading to Transportation Fuels
Open accessAbstract
Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) presents a viable route for converting a vast range of materials into liquid fuel, without the need for pre-drying. Currently, HTL studies produce bio-crude with properties that fall short of diesel or biodiesel standards. Upgrading bio-crude improves the physical and chemical properties to produce a fuel corresponding to diesel or biodiesel. Properties such as viscosity, density, heating value, oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur content, and chemical composition can be modified towards meeting fuel standards using strategies such as solvent extraction, distillation, hydrodeoxygenation and catalytic cracking. This article presents a review of the upgrading technologies available, and how they might be used to make HTL bio-crude into a transportation fuel that meets current fuel property standards.
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“Several strategies have been developed to modify the properties of RDB through solvent extraction, catalytic cracking, distillation, etc. [111,113].”
From Factors Affecting Microalgae Production for Biofuels and the Potentials of Chemometric Methods in Assessing and Optimizing Productivity (2019) · cites this paper as [111]
In the citing paper
“These strategies are applied in the modification of properties such as the chemical composition, heating value, nitrogen, sulphur and oxygen contents, viscosity and density [111].”
From Factors Affecting Microalgae Production for Biofuels and the Potentials of Chemometric Methods in Assessing and Optimizing Productivity (2019) · cites this paper as [111]
In the citing paper
“Most HTL techniques for biodiesel production currently deployed fall short of the diesel standard [111].”
From Factors Affecting Microalgae Production for Biofuels and the Potentials of Chemometric Methods in Assessing and Optimizing Productivity (2019) · cites this paper as [111]
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Citations
Cites
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Cited by
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Lohri, C. R., Diener, S., Zabaleta, I., Mertenat, A., & Zurbrügg, C. (2017) · Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology · doi:10.1007/s11157-017-9422-5 · Cited by 331
Douvartzides, S. L., Charisiou, N. D., Papageridis, K. N., & Goula, M. A. (2019) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en12050809 · Cited by 295
Global impacts of recent IMO regulations on marine fuel oil refining processes and ship emissions
Chu Van, T., Ramirez, J., Rainey, T., Ristovski, Z., & Brown, R. J. (2019) · Transportation Research Part D Transport and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.trd.2019.04.001 · Cited by 270
Self-citationBaşar, İ. A., Liu, H., Carrère, H., Trably, É., & Eskicioğlu, Ç. (2021) · Green Chemistry · doi:10.1039/d0gc04092d · Cited by 261
Skaggs, R. L., Coleman, A. M., Seiple, T. E., & Milbrandt, A. R. (2017) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2017.09.107 · Cited by 211
Metadata
- Authors
- Ramirez, J., Brown, R., & Rainey, T.
- Affiliations
- Queensland University of Technology (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Rainey, Thomas
- Venue
- Energies
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2015-07-01
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 6765-6794
- ISSN
- 1996-1073 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1541597190
- Cited by
- 312
- References
- 104
- Citations by year
- 2026: 45 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 44 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 10.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Energies (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- QUT ePrints (Queensland University of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Science & Engineering Faculty
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Fuel Technology › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
- Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Catalysis › Catalysis and Hydrodesulfurization Studies
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Analytical Chemistry › Petroleum Processing and Analysis
- Keywords
- hydrothermal liquefaction, biocrude, biofuel upgrading, transportation fuels, biodiesel standards, hydrodeoxygenation, catalytic cracking, solvent extraction, distillation, fuel properties
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