Approaching Sarcopenic Obesity in Young and Middle-Aged Female Adults in Weight Management Settings: A Narrative Review
Open accessAbstract
This paper presents a review of the available literature on sarcopenic obesity (SO) in young and middle-aged female adults with obesity in weight management settings. A literature review using the PubMed/Medline and Science Direct databases was conducted, and the data were summarized through a narrative approach. Firstly, some physical performance tests and questionnaires are available for screening young and middle-aged female adults with a high risk of SO. Secondly, these patients can undergo instrumental measurements such as dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) to confirm or reject a diagnosis of SO, applying definitions that account for body mass. Thirdly, SO is a prevalent phenotype in females seeking weight management treatment, as well as being strongly associated (vs. non-SO) with obesity-related comorbidities that need to be promptly managed, initially with nutritional programs or/and in combination with medications. Finally, patients with SO have a reduced baseline resting energy expenditure and more sedentary behaviors, which seem to account for the relationship between SO and poorer weight management outcomes, such as a higher early dropout rate and major later difficulties in weight loss maintenance. Therefore, specific strategies for personalized weight management programs for patients with SO should be incorporated to determine a successful management of this phenotype.
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This process can lead to weight cycling, which is particularly common in young and middle-aged women younger than 60 years.
“This process can lead to weight cycling, which is particularly common in young and middle‐aged women (<60 years), who are also the most common type of patients seeking obesity treatment.”
From Strategies for minimizing muscle loss during use of incretin‐mimetic drugs for treatment of obesity (2025) · cites this paper as [16]
The Introduction (page unavailable) identifies repeated failures in weight-management programs as weight cycling and says women are more likely to seek obesity treatment. It does not say weight cycling is particularly common in women under 60; that age range describes the review’s population, not a reported pattern of weight cycling. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredDiagnostic cutoffs for many muscle function tests were developed and validated in older people and may not be applicable or accurate in younger populations.
“For example, diagnostic cutoffs for many muscle function tests were developed and validated in older people and may not be applicable or accurate in younger populations.”
From Strategies for minimizing muscle loss during use of incretin‐mimetic drugs for treatment of obesity (2025) · cites this paper as [16]
Section 3.2 says that most proposed sarcopenic-obesity diagnostic cutoffs were initially developed in elderly people with sarcopenia and may be biased when applied to younger adults with obesity. It does not say that cutoffs for many muscle-function tests were validated in older people, or establish their accuracy across younger populations generally. Section 3.1 instead describes specific performance-test cutoffs for middle-aged women with obesity. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.85)
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Strategies for minimizing muscle loss during use of incretin‐mimetic drugs for treatment of obesity
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- Authors
- Pellegrini, M., Itani, L., Rossi, A. P., Kreidieh, D., El Masri, D., Tannir, H., & El Ghoch, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia (IT)
- Beirut Arab University (LB)
- University of Verona (IT)
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Riad El Solh, Beirut P.O. Box 11-5020, Lebanon
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Giuseppe Campi, 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Venue
- Healthcare
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2022-10-15
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 2042
- ISSN
- 2227-9032 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9601683
- OpenAlex
- W4306377410
- Cited by
- 11
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 2
- FWCI
- 0.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Healthcare (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- IRIS UNIMORE (University of Modena and Reggio Emilia) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Keywords
- sarcopenic obesity, obesity, young and middle-aged women, weight management, weight loss maintenance, obesity-related comorbidities, screening, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, bioelectrical impedance analysis, resting energy expenditure, sedentary behavior
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