Environmental Exposure to Dioxins, Dibenzofurans, Bisphenol A, and Phthalates in Children with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder Living near the Gulf of Mexico
Open accessAbstract
Environmental exposure to organic endocrine disrupting chemicals, including dioxins, dibenzofurans, bisphenol A (BPA), and phthalates has been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We conducted a pilot monitoring study of 30 ASD cases and 10 typically developing (TD) controls ages 2–8 years from communities along the Gulf of Mexico near Alabama, which houses 14 Superfund sites, to assess the concentrations of dioxins and dibenzofurans in serum, and BPA and phthalate ester metabolites in urine. Based on General Linear Models, the lipid- or creatinine-adjusted geometric mean concentrations of the aforementioned chemicals did not differ between the ASD case and TD control groups (all p ≥ 0.27). We compared our findings to the adjusted means as reported by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, survey years 2011–2012, and found that TD controls in our study had lower BPA (59%) and MEHHP (26%) concentrations, higher MBP (50%) concentration, and comparable (<20% difference) MEP, MBZP, MEOHP, and MCPP concentrations. We also conducted a preliminary investigation of dietary exposures and found that the consumption of certain types of fish may be associated with higher OCDD concentrations, and the consumption of soft drinks and juices may be associated with lower BPA and MEOHP concentrations, respectively.
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The published literature on bisphenol A and autism is conflicting, reporting associations ranging from none to rather substantial links with clinical autism and autistic traits.
“Concerning bisphenol A, the published literature, mostly characterized by smaller case–control studies is also conflicting, reporting associations ranging from none to rather substantial links with clinical autism and autistic traits [203–206].”
From The contribution of environmental exposure to the etiology of autism spectrum disorder (2019) · cites this paper as [206]
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- Authors
- Rahbar, M., Swingle, H., Christian, M., Hessabi, M., Lee, M., Pitcher, M., Campbell, S., Mitchell, A., Krone, R., Loveland, K., & Patterson Jr., D.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (US)
- University of South Alabama (US)
- Baylor College of Medicine (US)
- AXYS Technologies (Canada) (CA)
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA
- AXYS Analytical Services Ltd., Sidney, BC V8L5X2, Canada
- Corresponding author
- Rahbar, Mohammad
- Venue
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2017-11-21
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1425
- ISSN
- 1660-4601 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5708064
- OpenAlex
- W2771020767
- Cited by
- 30
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 1.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- NCATS (UL1 TR000371)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, dioxins, dibenzofuran, bisphenol A, phthalates, endocrine disruptors, environmental exposure, children, urinary metabolites, Gulf of Mexico, Superfund sites, dietary exposure, fish consumption, soft drinks, neurodevelopmental disorders
- MeSH terms
- Autism Spectrum Disorder, Dibenzofurans, Bisphenol A Compounds, Adult, Benzhydryl Compounds, Child, Child, Preschool, Diet, Dioxins, Environmental Exposure, Environmental Pollutants, Female, Humans, Male, Nutrition Surveys, Phenols, Phthalic Acids, Case-Control Studies, Endocrine Disruptors, Gulf of America
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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